| Papers [1-14] of 36 :: [Page 1 of 3] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 —> | Search results on "ZHU XI 1130 1200": |
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Zhu Xi (1130-1200), 2006.
A discussion regarding the influence of Zhu Xi on the Song Dynasty of China.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the contribution of Zhu Xi to neo-Confucianism as recurring Chinese response to periods of upset or confusion. The paper discusses his texts for distribution, ideas of 'li' in relation to 'xi' as these justified a superior examination system, learned and moral officials, and all other ideals that had to do with Ancient ideals. The paper further discusses both a religious and cultural impact on the role of the scholar.
From the Paper
"Zhu Xi (1130-1200) and his Influence in the Song Dynasty. Introduction Zhu Xi's commentaries on the works of Confucius and Mencius are said to have shaped China's religious and other thought, through the next several centuries. (Ching 2000) Zhi Xi and his followers gave much time to explaining the eternal forces of li, as the principle of spirit or energy and xi, of the physical world, that influenced one another. He restored Confucian ideas of a proper social order to be gone about in different ways. One sees that his neo-Confucianism was consistent with what he saw as so important in cosmology. "
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The Principle 'Li' in the Philosophy of Zhu Xi, 2005.
The paper discusses the philosopher Zhu Xi's concept of Li.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the philosopher Zhu Xi's concept of Li, as is central to his synthesis (1130-1200 AD).
The paper firstly explains the meaning of "li" and then continues to discuss how Zhu Xi became an important neo-Confucian reformer whose ideas have lasting importance. A full explanation is given regarding this concept and in relation to the influence of the neo-Confucian movement that spread to Korea and beyond. There is some comparison to Platonism, and a more in-depth discussion of the significance of Zhu Xi's contribution to everyday Chinese thought that is separate from Buddhism and Daoism, and tends to be assumed to be of the neo-Confucian movement.
From the Paper
"Zhu Xi was a neo-Confucian philosopher to emphasize the principle, or li, as a fundamental reality. He had elaborated the teachings of Cheng Yi that principle is a unity, and became known as the founder of a Cheng-Zhu school or "School of Principle" (li-xue) Zhu Xi's commentaries on Confucius's Annalects, the Book of Mencius, on the Great Learning, and the Doctrine of the Mean, involved remarks on the Four Books as a collection that offered all the individual needed to understand, and he was also noted for his interpretations of the works of other philosophers in Zhou Dun-yi (1017-1073).."
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Save Title XI!, 2007.
This paper discusses the legacy of US legislative amendment Title XI, focusing on its effects upon the participation of women in sports.
875 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer points out that when the anti-discriminatory legislative amendment known as Title XI was passed in 1972, many Americans laughed at the idea of women participating in competitive sports at all, much less female sports competing for an equal level of spectator attention and funding at institutions of higher learning. This paper looks at the legacy of Title XI, as today, powerful and positive images of female sports stars such as Venus Williams adorn the covers of magazines, and women everywhere run in marathons, take their daughters to soccer leagues or participate in such leagues themselves, and simply enjoy the delights of hard, physical competitive effort. The writer argues that Title IX must continue to mandate equal funding as without equal funding it will be too easy for colleges and high schools to go back to the old traditions of supporting male sports disproportionately, in comparison to supporting female activities.
From the Paper
"Encouraging women to participate in athletics is not merely an issue of equality in school, or about building champion athletes who can win college championships. It is also an issue of health. As America becomes increasingly concerned about the inactivity of its citizens, encouraging a group of people such as women who have been historically discouraged from being physically active is vital for the well-being of the entire nation. Also, when people compete in athletics, they experience a positive uplift in their sense of self-esteem as well as their physical prowess. Women must see other women, like themselves, participating in sports, rather than simply see images of themselves as spectators on the sidelines to gain this sense of positive esteem."
"Critics of Title XI argue that by requiring institutions of higher learning to provide equal funding and equal opportunities for men and women is not valid, because there is less public interest, amongst both men and women, in collegiate sports."
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Zhu Tianwen and "Notes of a Desolate Man", 2007.
A review of the book "Notes of a Desolate Man" by contemporary Taiwan writer Zhu Tianwen.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the book "Notes of a Desolate Man" by Zhu Tianwen and relates that the author's way of fitting in so many non-Chinese influences, past and present, his homosexuality, and the death of an old friend in Japan due to AIDS, fit together to produce a deliberately disjointed psychic environment in which the narrator can only feel thankful for small reminders of a world that seemed normal. The writer points out that throughout "Notes on a Desolate Man", the past continues to be mixed up with the present. The writer believes that this book leaves the reader with no doubt as to the narrator's emotions, sense of being displaced and that his life has been rather pointless, though one wishes the narrator could also see through this state of ennui to find the answers of purpose that were suitable for modernists.
From the Paper
"Like many a post-modern character, the narrator, Xiao Chao, can observe his own isolation, well aware of what is happening, amid Western consumerism and media influences. His friend, Ah Yao, is a former lover, a person with whom he has been able to discuss Chinese poetry but also the culture arriving from the West including 1960s avant garde films and thought. Set in the 1990s, Xiao Shao reflects on his 20s as a well to do young Taiwanese in Europe and in America just as countless other persons at mid-life tend to reflect on how they spent this earlier interval in their lives. Like Ah Yao, he had known the gay scene in New York, Paris and Rome, and also the complications of being a gay Chinese male in a conservative Taiwanese society where both men's families were known in Taipei."
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1200-1400 A.D., 2002.
The connection between the years 1200 and 1400 and the major events that shaped this time.
1,310 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the interconnections of the world between the years 1200 and 1400 A.D. The paper focuses on four major world events which are of great importance, due to their long-term influence on the indigenous cultures of North America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. 1)The Vikings, with their conquests and explorations of northern Europe and the shores of North America; 2)the social/political effects of the Crusades; 3)the explorations and discoveries of Marco Polo; and 4)the widespread consequences of the Black Death.
From the Paper
"The Vikings also reached ports in the Baltic Sea which allowed their ships to penetrate the entire European continent via the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea; it has been suggested that the Vikings even reached parts of Asia, where they traded ivory and furs for spices, silver and other commodities unavailable in the Nordic regions. Also, the Vikings explored the entire region of the North Atlantic, virtually discovered Iceland and Greenland, and settled in parts of England, Scotland, Ireland and Normandy and perhaps the coast of North America in present-day Canada and Newfoundland."
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Muslim Social & Religious Organizations, 1200-1400, 1999.
Examines how organizations contributed to stability and/or change in Islamic society. Focusing on militarization, role of elites, schisms & sects, role of Sufis & Ottomans.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, £ 27.95
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From the Paper
I"MPACT OF MUSLIM SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS: 1200-1400
This essay discusses how Muslim social and religious organizations contributed to stability and/or change during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. A variety of such institutions played an important role in promoting the Islamicization of society which in general had a stabilizing effect by filling vacuums created by the turnover and militarization of political leadership and the destruction of traditional political, economic and cultural elites which occurred during these centuries. Some of the schismatic movements within Islam accelerated its fragmentation with different Muslim organizations contributing to the ascendancy of some Islamic sects over others and in some areas to a weakening of central authority."
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Judicial Powers and Limitations, 2003.
A discussion regarding Article III and Amendment XI of the United States Constitution.
2,517 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at Article III and Amendment XI of the United States Constitution. The paper reviews the history of this article and the events and issues leading to Amendment XI. According to the paper, Article III of the Constitution of the United States laid the foundation of the American judicial system. Article III is defined by this paper as a simple description of the judicial branch of the United States Government.
From the Paper
"Nevertheless, much of Article III remains vague, as does the precise meaning of the Eleventh Amendment. While making clear the existence of the Supreme Court, and Congress's control over inferior federal courts, the United States Constitution provides no guidance whatsoever on the arrangement of these lesser courts. By the same token, Amendment XI does not clarify which cases of "law and equity" remain within the jurisdiction of the states and their courts. The modern system of federal district courts and courts of appeals represents Congress' interpretation of Article III's "inferior courts." Still, the scope of these courts is debated even today. One need only look to the recent proposals by certain members of Congress to eliminate the Ninth Federal Circuit Court of Appeals to find a contemporary example of an enduring controversy. The present-day concern over whether federal judges exercise too much power and influence over national law and policy - the ability of federal judges to "legislate from the bench" - is a matter hotly debated by many elements in today's Congress, and a significant part of the nation's overall political landscape. The Supreme Court's decision in Bush v. Gore (2001) - the decision that effectively awarded the presidency to George W. Bush - is but one of many cases that, opens up questions in regard to the decision's wider application. "
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European Medieval History, 2007.
A review of the changing influence of religion on community life in medieval Europe between the years 400-1200.
1,879 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses European medieval history from the years 400-1200. It particularly focuses on the influence of the church and the way that religious orders began to have a more and more important role in the political and social life of the surrounding villages or cities. It discusses the changing role of religion on the surrounding communities over these centuries.
From the Paper
"The monasteries of females were in a more delicate position. The nuns could not turn into good knights, their abbesses had less influence in the Church councils and being their ally was not as valuable. In the centuries under scrutiny, the number of newly founded monasteries for women was in a constant decline . Nonetheless, the existing monasteries, as well as the new ones, were seldom poor, and this for various reasons. First, the convents were built on the lands or from the donations of rich noble women, daughters, wives or widows, who were involved in the charitable activity. Second, uncomfortable wives or mothers of kings or of other members of nobility could be easily sent to the convent, together with a generous donation, to live a peaceful and silent life. Third, donating money to a nuns' community led by a women born and belonging to one family, could represent, for that particular family, a way to make a temporary investment which would return to the donors after a certain interval of time. "As part of the general strategy to maintain control over their proprietary foundations, the founders installed family members as abbesses, guardians or advocates of the monasteries and required that in the future these positions be held by their heirs"."
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Judicial Powers and Limitations, 2007.
This paper discusses Article III and Amendment XI of the United States Constitution about the authority of the judicial system.
2,509 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Article III of the Constitution of the United States laid the foundation of the American judicial system. The paper discusses how the creation of a federal judiciary that was not subject directly to the various states was itself a revolutionary concept. The paper relates that many felt that Article III went too far in giving all extra-state matters to the federal courts and so Amendment XI was added that did not require all suits against and involving states, or those brought by foreign nationals or ambassadors, to be heard by the federal court. The paper illustrates how this debate over the degree of permissible judicial authority still continues today.
From the Paper
"The judiciary would represent one of the essential checks on the abuse of the new national power. A strong federal judicial branch would complement equally powerful legislative and executive branches. Similarly, in Federalist # 10, James Madison also argued for the importance of an all-embracing and powerful national government as an antidote to faction - "The influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States but will be unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States." (Hamilton, Federalist # 9; Quinn, 1997, p. 77) A national system of courts would help smooth out the differences between the nation's various component parts."
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Apuleius' "The Golden Ass", 2007.
This paper discusses the themes of fate, fortune and wandering in Apuleius' "The Golden Ass: Books X and XI".
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 0 sources, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the journey of the Golden Ass, the eponymous hero of Apuleius' "The Golden Ass", is an account of the trial, tribulations and triumphs of one individual, whose story stands for the voyage all people take from birth to death. The author points out that, as 'Book X' reveals, the Golden Ass is uniquely placed to both observe and experience what fortune holds in store for mortal men and women. The paper relates that the Golden Ass's journey in 'Books X and XI' is a fascinating account of what can happen to a rational being that makes full use of his or her intellectual powers and physical circumstances.
From the Paper
"'Book X 'of Apuleius' "The Golden Ass" begins with a moralistic tale about a woman who breaks all the conventions of her society. Her desire for her stepson is thwarted by the stepson's faithfulness to the moral precepts of the time and place, and to his loyalty and devotion to his own father--his stepmother's husband. The stepson's life is also saved by the desire of others to preserve the worthwhile traditions of their world. The majority of the people would have rushed to judgment and executed the son without first having a trial and hearing all the evidence... ."
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The International Style of Art, 2007.
An examination of Marian H. Feldman's article, "Luxurious Forms: Redefining a Mediterranean 'International Style,' 1400-1200 BCE."
954 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses Marian H. Feldman's argument, in her article "Luxurious Forms: Redifining a Mediterranean 'International Style', 1400-1200 BCE", that during the Bronze Age, many Mediterranean civilizations created luxury items that resembled each other, and so displayed an 'international style'. The paper shows how Feldman attempts to break down and clearly define this international style by conducting extensive research into a variety of artifacts from the region and the time. The writer concludes with a personal assessment of the article.
From the Paper
"Ultimately, instead of attempting to find out where objects originated and who made them, Feldman is more interested in "why" they made them and what their iconic meanings might be. To go even further, she attempts to define the "cultural styles" of pieces, rather than a specific maker or workshop style. All of this is different because most art historians are concerned with who made a piece and where it probably originated, while Feldman is more interested in the style of the piece and why it was formed and decorated the way it was. Thus, her study is unique from many others."
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Military Conquests of the Mongols, 2005.
Traces the conquests and expansion of the Mongol Empire from the year 1200 to about 1400 AD.
871 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
The Mongolians were a nomadic, Eastern people driven into violence by necessity. Thanks to expert leadership and tactics, they formed the largest land empire in history. This paper illustrates the expansion of the Mongol Empire from 1200 to about 1400 AD. It gives descriptive accounts of crucial events and Mongolian leaders during the Empire's period of exponential growth and development.
From the Paper
"As much as the Mongols benefited from their newly obtained lands in China, they still sought more. Genghis now wanted more goods for his expanded nation, including weapons. In 1218, he sent a Mongol caravan west to the Kwarazmian Empire in Persia to help negotiate trade. In spite of the Mongols' innocuous intentions, the Kwarazmians unexpectedly accused the Mongolians of being spies and murdered the chief of the caravan. The rest were sent back to Mongolia with burnt beards, which caused them unendurable humiliation."
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Early World Religions, 2005.
A look at the development of world religions between 1000 BCE and 1200 CE.
790 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the emergence of early world religions in the East have influenced the preservation of traditional societies among the nations and the region, while the development and predominance of Christianity in the West led to society's development to being industrialized and modernized.
From the Paper
"With the creation of sedentary societies after the prehistoric period, human society had also cultivated specific economic, political and cultural structures that define specific characteristics of a human society. Economic structures include the creation of an agricultural economy, where plant cultivation and animal farming created a living for people. With an agricultural economy, political organization was also created, wherein class divisions emerge from division of labor and ownership of means of production. Culturally, human societies have created rituals, traditions, and beliefs which they developed and passed on throughout history to continue the heritage that are distinctly theirs. Religious philosophy is one such example of a product of culture: as a human experience, religion serves as humanity?s ?connection? with their reality and an acknowledgment of the metaphysical."
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Historical Status of Women in Japan, 2005.
A look at the evolving status of women in Japan from 1200 B.C. to modern times with the Meiji Restoration.
2,750 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates that women in Japan have not always been the fragile and submissive figures that they are thought to be. In the early days, BC and quite far into AD, Japanese women were powerful priestesses, representations of gods, and heads of households that assumed their husbands' responsibilities upon their deaths. This paper shows that it was not until the period of Tokugawa rule that women's role in society most closely resembled that of the current stereotype.
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, the political decline in female leadership was followed by a spiritual decline. From the late Nara period onward into the new eras of development, the belief systems of Buddhism and Confucianism increased in their popularity among both Japanese leaders and common people. These new faiths were able to peacefully coexist with the native faith of Shintoism. However, minor changes caused these new beliefs to subtly rival Shintoism (Beard 5). Buddhist shrines were constructed alongside Shinto shrines, and male Buddhist priests gained influence in the community (Beard 11). While the Japanese people were still loyal to their kamis and Amaterasu, these great female figures were no longer the only spiritual presences in society. As they became more commonplace amongst the landscape of religious figures, these female figures lost some of their societal authority."
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