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Women in Global Politics, 2006.
A look at the position of woman in global politics and the subsequent place they hold in different nations as a source of political power.
2,778 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 55 sources, APA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
Women have had many barriers toward the pursuit of political office worldwide in the cultures that would have set roles for women and in the balance of family considerations as well. This paper examines how the potential for women pursuing political office has grown exponentially regardless of these factors. It provides an exploration of women's political participation in the world today. It also provides an exploration of individual regions in regard to women's political participation and strategies as well as recommendations, including quotas, toward engaging women in the political processes worldwide.
Outline:
A New Wave of Women's Organizations
Invisible Barriers
Silence of Women
From the Paper
"According to the United Nations, the first country to grant women the right to vote was New Zealand in 1893. The UN continues to state that only twenty-eight women worldwide have been elected as heads of state or government in this century. Women currently would only hold 11.7 percent of the seats in the world's parliaments. The first and currently only equally distributed male and female diplomatic cabinet belonged to Sweden in 1995. The United Nations is not immune to the distortions of men and women within its ranks having only seven women serving amidst a total of 185 of the highest-ranking diplomats. Between the years 1987 and 1996, the percentage of female cabinet ministers worldwide rose from 3.4 to 6.8 percent. "
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Women in Politics, 2002.
A historical overview of women in politics from the days of women suffrage to the fight for equal wages and abortion rights today.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 10 sources, £ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes women in politics. Starting with the suffrage movement, the author describes how women struggled to secure voting rights, then how they were still largely subject to the will of male politicians. The author then discusses the debate surrounding the ERA movement and how that debate culminated into the political activism of the 1960s and 70s. Then, the author describes how political groups such as NOW emerged from this time to not allow only women to play on an even stage as men in public office, but to fight for abortion rights and equal wages. The author closes the piece by discussing how women today are not longer considered a separate class of citizens and can finally start wielding real political power.
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Women in Politics, 2007.
This paper examines the role women play in the political systems of the United States, Canada and Mexico.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how the United States, Canada and Mexico have different political histories and the role of women in the political systems of each country differs accordingly. The paper discusses the similar situation in the United States and Canada and shows how the role women have in both countries is more advanced than in Mexico. The paper discusses the Mexican political system, a regime marked by one-party rule and incomplete political development. The paper concludes that the place of women in Mexican society is still secondary and it will take time before Mexico achieves parity with the U.S. and Canada.
From the Paper
"The relationship of the citizen of a given country to political action depends on the social and political history of that country and the traditions that shape the political system. This is true for both men and women, though historically women have had less direct involvement with the political system because women have been socially marginalized in most countries for at least some period in history. The three countries involved in the North American Free Trade Agreement, have different political histories."
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Women and Politics, 2005.
An analysis of African American women's participation in the political process.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper studies African American women's participation in the political process and analyzes the underlying causes for the disparity between black male and black female participation. The paper focuse on the economic status of African American women, as well as the effect of poverty on political participation.
From the Paper
"In the 1060s, the American civil rights movement culminated with historic victories, as Congress enacted legislation that evened the playingfield between the races. In the decades that have followed African Americans as a whole have made significant strides toward..."
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"Changing History: Women, Power, and Politics", 2002.
A review of "Changing History: Women, Power, and Politics" by Geraldine Ferraro.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, £ 30.95
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Abstract
A book report on a collection of Geraldine Ferraro's speeches and essays from 1984 to 1993. It discusses her centrist-liberal views on ethics, women in the workplace, health care, rape, Roe v. Wade, US-Israel relations, and diversity issues. It also points out how these issues have changed in politics since 1993, comparing the Bush, Sr. campaign of 1992 with the current Bush, Jr. campaign.
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The History & Future of Women in Canadian Politics, 2006.
A discussion regarding the representation of women in the Canadian political system.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the enormous strides that have been made by Canadian women in recent decades. It discusses how since the 1970s, the number of women attending graduate school, entering the professions and involving themselves in the political process has climbed steadily. The paper then examines how far women have come and whether or not more needs to be done to adequately represent females at the highest reaches of public policy.
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Women in Politics, 1972.
This paper traces the traditional role of women amd the image of the stereotyped woman and contends that the entry of women into politics was related to their emancipation from restrictive traditional roles.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 5 sources, £ 59.95
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From the Paper
"The lives of women must take new directions if they are to achieve identity and recognition at home and at work. Simone de Beauvoir, author of The Second Sex, puts it this way:
If the woman question seems trivial, it is because masculine arrogance has made of it a "quarrel"; and, when quarreling, no one any longer reasons well. People have tirelessly sought to prove that woman is superior, inferior or equal to man..We must discard the vague notions of superiority, equality, which have hitherto corrupted every discussion of the subject and start afresh .
If by "starting afresh" Miss de Beauvoir means emancipating women, then we are in for a new set of troubles because the so.called emancipated women of the '60s and '70s have turned in miscarriages, menstrual pains and "female" troubles for ulcers, ... "
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Why are so Few Women Participating in Politics, 2008.
An overview of women's participation in the world of politics.
2,338 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the issue of women participating in politics and argues that the suffragettes had it the wrong way around as the fact of women being able to vote did not suffice to bring about gender equity in society. This author explains the necessity to change society radically, from its ideological foundations upwards, which will result in an equalization of material conditions for the sexes, and in turn, manifest as equivalent levels of political participation.
From the Paper
"It is necessary to preface this argument with an important caveat, so that we are not working from a basis of simplistic over-generalizations. The first thing that should be borne in mind is that globally, levels of female participation vary. As noted by Oyewumi (2005):
The worldwide ... male dominance in all spheres of human endeavour is normally negatively correlated with women's participation in politics. The higher the level of male dominance in society, the lower women's participation in politics. Put another way, it is assumed that in any given society, the more equal ... women are to men, the greater their political participation, and the greater their political participation the more equal they are. (p. 1)
Oyewumi (2005) concedes that this is a chicken and egg situation, but argues that improved material conditions for women (such as more access to education) will lead to greater political participation. However, many societies in Africa still incorporate vast differences in material conditions for men and women. Accordingly, Oyewumi (2005) notes that the level of female participation in politics in Africa tends to be low, with some notable exceptions. While this provides the basis for a sociological or materialist explanation of low participation by women in politics in Africa, it fails to adequately account for the low participation of women in politics in the Global North. While full equality has yet to be achieved, the fact is that many doors are open to women, that were never open before. How then do we account for this apparent anomaly?"
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Roman Women and Politics, 2002.
A look at the political influence of women in Rome.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the political influence of women in Rome. It argues that there was no political influence, since women were segregated to subordinate spheres throughout the society at large.
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Women in Politics, 2007.
A look at the struggle of women throughout history to be accepted into the political arena.
1,536 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the history of women in politics is filled with both struggle and victory. Women have had to overcome a general social view of them by both men and those of their own gender as weak and belonging in the kitchen rather than in the political arena. It looks at how women and especially those belonging to ethnic minority groups, have struggled to become involved in politics and change in their worlds by focusing on the political situations in Canada, the United States and Mexico.
From the Paper
"The historical entry of women into politics in the past was mainly via non-institutional means. Institutional politics, especially during the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, was mainly controlled by men. Women therefore had to seek a more subtle entry into positions of power. Indeed, according to Alexandra Dobrowolsky, women even in recent times have been particularly strong in unconventional, non-institutional politics. In Canada particularly women are however underrepresented. Dobrowolsky however holds that women should do the same as their earlier counterparts: rather than directly fight existing systems, they should instead use their existing strength to enter the political arena in a more subtle way. "
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Women in Politics, 25.
A paper examining women?s needs for equal political representation.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that women must hold more political positions in their nations? governments. The paper describes that women are fifty percent of the population and therefore should have their fifty percent of their vote represented by women. It demonstrates that women representatives from industrialized countries demonstrated greater concern over issues, such as birth control and childcare, equal pay for casual work, affirmative action and sexual harassment measures, and those in developing countries, focused more on access to childhood immunization, clean and constant water supply, delivery of primary health care services and affordable food sources. The paper illustrates those ground breaking women who have held high political office.
From the Paper
"The Second Global Congress of Women in Politics conducted a study on the presence of women in national parliaments throughout the world and discovered that, in the last 25 years, the participation of women in parliaments from 1975 to 1998 grew only slightly from 11% to 12.7% (Kyodo 1998). Women in Nordic countries have the highest rate of participation at a combined average of 36.7% in the two houses of Congress. Arab women have the lowest level of participation at only 3.3%. Asian figures rose from 3% to over 12% in the last 25 years, but there is nothing exciting about this, since Asia holds more than the total world population, half of which is female. (Kyodo)"
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Women and Politics in Rome, 2002.
Examines the indirect influence women had on ancient Roman society and politics.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the political roles of women in Rome. Roman society and government was patriarchal and women were largely excluded from political roles. However, they retained political influence through their 'backroom' relationships with influential men and through other indirect means.
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Women in Canadian Politics, 2002.
A look at the careers and challenges of the Canadian female politicians Grace MacInnis and Therese F Casgrain.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the question of women's participation in Canadian politics. Initially, the composition of the current House of Commons and Cabinet is considered. Brief biographies of Grace MacInnis and Therese F Casgrain illustrate the challenges that early female politicians faced in 'a man's world'. Finally, future trends and developments as well as measures to increase the participation of women in politics are examined.
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Women and Politics: Wading Through Stereotypes and Sexism., 2002.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This undergraduate level paper takes the position that there has yet to be realized a true political voice of women that actually wields power. It takes a specific view that over the course of time, perceptions of women from the media, society, men, and women themselves have shaped women's ability to participate politically and socially within our society. 10 pgs. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
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