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Planned Parenthood vs. Casey (1992), 2004.
This paper discusses the Supreme Court case, "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" (1992), which upheld the rights of women to have an abortion as guaranteed by "Roe vs. Wade".
1,790 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the events leading to "Planned Parenthood vs. Casey": the State of Pennsylvania amended its Abortion Control Act to require women seeking abortion to 1) give "informed consent" and the doctors to provide information about the health risks of having the abortion prior to the abortion; 2) a "spousal notification"; 3) "parental notification" from parents of minors; and 4) a 24-hour waiting period before obtaining an abortion. The author points out that "Roe vs. Wade." one of the most controversial rulings in the history of U.S. Supreme Court, which generated heated criticism from anti-abortion groups and gave rise to a pro-life movement, predated "Planned Parenthood vs. Casey". The paper concludes that "Casey" is still relevant because the present U.S. administration is clearly in favor of making abortion illegal, the Congress is dominated by Republicans, and there is a possibility of replacement of more than one Justice on the Court during the second Bush term, who most likely will be anti-abortion.
Table of Contents
Background of the Casey Supreme Court
William Rehnquist
Harry Blackmun
Sandra O'Connor
Anthony Kennedy
John Stevens
Antonin Scalia
Byron White
David Souter
Clarence Thomas
Important Pre-Casey Cases
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Doe v. Bolton (1973)
Harris v. MCrae
Webster vs. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
Historical, Social and Legal Background of Casey
Arguments from both Sides
Essentials of the Plurality Decision
Contemporary Reaction to the Case
Legal Reaction to the Case
Historical Impact
Current Relevance
From the Paper
"Several states enacted laws limiting the right of abortion, including laws requiring parental and spousal consent, restricting abortions in clinics, and laws barring state funding for abortions. The Hyde Amendment was passed by the US Congress banning state funds for abortions. In a long series of cases from the mid-1970s to the late 1980s, the Supreme Court consistently struck down several state restrictions on abortions, but upheld restrictions on funding."
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Planned Parenthood, 2004.
This paper concerns the Planned Parenthood organization in America.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 0 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. The writer explores the work done by this organization and looks at its mission statement. The writer also examines how and why the organization is under attack from the religious right.
From the Paper
"The Planned Parenthood Federation of America Inc. is the world's largest reproductive health care organization. Planned Parenthood believes in everyone's right to choose when or whether to have a child that every child should be wanted and loved and that women should be in charge of their own reproductive destinies. Planned Parenthood believes in reproductive self-determination and jealously safeguards an individual's right to privacy. The organization believes that reproductive self-determination contributes to an enhancement of the quality of life, strong family relationships and population stability. The stated mission ... "
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Relationships in the Movie "Parenthood", 2002.
Examines the family dynamics in the movie "Parenthood".
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 29.95
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Abstract
The different relationships in the movie "Parenthood" are addressed.
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Planned Parenthood vs. Birthright, 2004.
A comparison of two women's organizations in America that deal with family planning and birth advice.
1,142 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the benefits and advantages of Planned Parenthood and Birthright in order to assess which organization is better. The writer concludes that, even though Planned Parenthood provides a wider array of services and health care, Birthright is the better option for a women experiencing an unplanned pregnancy. Birthright provides friendship, support, non-judgmental encouragement, and endless help in a time of great need. It explains that, while Planned Parenthood provides many notable services to pregnant women, it does not provide a vulnerable woman a place to turn emotionally. Planned Parenthood just provides facts about the options for a pregnancy, including the "easy way out": abortion.
From the Paper
"Many organizations provide care for women regarding their reproductive and sexual health. How is a woman experiencing the stress of an unplanned pregnancy to know which organization is the best choice for her? Even though each group provides many of the same services, many differences are evident when comparing each clinic on a point-by-point basis. Planned Parenthood and Birthright are two widely known and respected organizations that provide services to women in need of reproductive health-related care. While both have many similarities, their differences lie in their services provided, mission statements, and position on abortion."
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Single Parenthood and Child Development, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of being the son or daughter of a single parent upon the development - cognitive, emotional and physical - of a young person.
4,005 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews how thecognitive, emotional and physical development of a child is impacted because of being raised by a single parent. In particular, the paper argues that single parenthood in and of itself is not necessarily a bad thing, but rather that many single parents are ill-equipped educationally, temperamentally, cognitively and psychologically for the stresses of single parenthood and their struggles create complications for their children. Moreover, the paper offers some policy suggestions for improving single parent homes, for political elites and scholars.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
School Performance And Being The Children Of Single Parents
Physical Well-Being And Being The Child Of A Single-Parent
Psychological Aspects Of Being A Child Of A Single Parent
Conclusion: Recommendations For Helping Children In Single Parent Households Reach Their Full Potential (Along With Policy Implications And Future Research Directions)
From the Paper
"On that note, it is important that educators and health officials begin by doing what they can to involve single parents in the school endeavors and extra-curricular activities of their children. For instance, a 1986 study by Weber took note of the fact that parents of mentally handicapped children who fail to attend individualized educational plans (IEPs) are usually non-white, come from lower economic backgrounds and are single parents; they also tended to be people who placed more responsibility for their children's educational programs in the hands of professionals (Weber, 1986). If there is one thing that needs to be done, it is to educate single parents about the importance of their becoming active participants in decisions that will ultimately effect the kind of care and attention their loved ones receive; without their involvement, it is entirely possible that the one voice that can argue most impassionedly on behalf of their children will be the one voice that no one hears."
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The Effects of Single Parenthood, 2002.
Examines the statistics related to single parent families and the effects on the children living in these familial structures.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 8 sources, £ 19.95
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Abstract
Currently, only 50 percent of children will reside with their biologic parents until their 18th birthday; therefore, many of the children seen by family physicians live in non-nuclear families. Single-parent families now include more than 18 million children and comprise the most common non-nuclear form of family. The majority of all teen pregnancies result in children being born to single parent homes. It is true that single-parent household's do less well than two-parent households in raising children.
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Teenage Abortion, 2004.
This paper examines the factors that influence a teenager's decision to have an abortion, including economics, Planned Parenthood programs, and parental consent laws.
4,625 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 28 sources, APA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Life Options model, the concept of planning for the future and having the ability to have some control over that future, is a major force behind deciding to have an abortion. The paper points out that, though many experts assert that parental consent laws are good and reduce abortion, there are many health professionals that believe that parental consent is not a good policy because parental consent laws can delay the amount of time that it takes a teenager to inform their parents about their pregnancy and places the teenager in a position to experience negative health risks. The paper concludes that Planned Parenthood programs are effective because they allow teens to ask specific questions and get accurate answers about sex, STDs, contraception, pregnancy, and abortion.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Research Questions
Literature Review
Economic Factors
Do Planned Parenthood Programs Reduce the Amount of Abortions?
Parental Consent Laws and Decreased Abortion Rates
Hypothesis
Variables
Validation of Hypothesis
Methodology/Procedure
Analysis and Interpretation
Limitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As you can see socioeconomics definite plays a role in influencing a teen's decision to have an abortion. To explain it simply teenage girls that have the financial means to have an abortion are more likely to choose abortion as an option. In addition, teenagers that know that they can obtain a college education are more likely to pursue an abortion. Those that are disadvantaged have very little hope about their future plans and are very often struggling academically. Also studies suggest that there are differences in abortion rates among those of with different racial backgrounds."
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Fertility Problems in the Philippines, 2003.
International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) policy in regards to improving the economic and social status of the Philippines.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of the lack of reproductive freedom in women in the Philippines. This is a problem of central concern for the country because it is imperative to the development of the economy and country as a whole for families to be planned and family sizes reduced to a manageable level. Women are currently having approximately 3.6 children, and the population is set to double within the next 25 years. The problem is also an urgent priority for the International Planned Parenthood Foundation because of a duty to provide care and support to those who do not have reproductive freedom. These women cannot choose when to have sex, let alone when to have children or how many. The first section of this paper provides an analysis of the root causes of reproductive servitude in the Philippines. The second section discusses the challenges to addressing the problem. The third section puts forth policy recommendations based on these challenges and where to renew the IPPF focus. The current policy has stalled and needs to rekindle the desire to plan families in the second fastest growing Asian country. The analysis concludes that the youth will need to be targeted, using field tactics and reinforcing the clinics already in place with necessary technology.
From the Paper
""In the Second Session for the ICPD Preparatory Committee (in May 1993), the Philippines government strictly followed the Vatican's orientation" (Correa 54). The next time they met for the Third Session, it was April 1994 and "NGO's were represented in the official Philippine delegation and the position shifted to support the reproductive health and rights framework" (Correa 54). Even though government policy may have shifted rapidly, real change takes much longer to take effect. Life in the slums of metro Manila have changed little over the past few decades, despite the advances in reproductive policy, including the creation of several family planning programmes sponsored by the government. "The country has one of the highest population growth rates in Asia at 2.3 percent annually and an average population density which is nearly double the South-East Asian average and is exceeded only by that of Singapore" (IPPF Country Profile), so family planning has become a terribly important topic of interest. The population will likely double in the next quarter century, so we, as an international family planning front-runner, need to double our efforts as well in this country."
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Psychological Research, 2001.
This paper details an experiment in parenthood preparation among fifteen pregnant women.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough analysis of a psychological experiment. The experiment in question studied the effect of maternal stress reduction during pregnancy on the health of their children at one year of age. The author applies an understanding of some fundamental principles of proper psychological research and the principles of critical thinking.
From the Paper
"The first steps in developing a sound experiment are to identify the research problem and hypothesis. After these are complete, a good psychological experiment allows us to systematically change one or more variables under controlled conditions, allowing the experimenter to identify causal relationships. Variables are defined as "Any characteristic or phenomenon that can vary across organisms, situations or environments."
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"Oedipus the King" and "Death and the King's Horseman", 2002.
An analysis of two literary works, comparing the nature of parenthood as portrayed through the characters of the plays.
1,480 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the relationship of parents and children in Sophocles "Oedipus the King" and Wole Soyinka's "Death and the King's Horseman". The writer describes how Sophocles allows Oedipus' theme of parentage full stage in the play, while in Soyinka's work, Elesin's son, Olunde, contributes to the plot throughout the play.
From the Paper
"Although written some two thousand years apart, both "Oedipus the King" and "Death and the King's Horseman" deal with a father's shame and ultimate fate as a social outcast. One is a king, the other a king's horseman, yet both are equally men of honor and social standing, bound by customs, cultures, and spiritual beliefs in the afterlife. There are no true villains in either play. The characters are simply human, with human frailties and vanities, but appear good at heart with good intentions. The nature of parenthood is important in each author's theme. Sophocles's Oedipus and Wole Soyinka's Elesin are both fathers who inadvertently cast shame not only unto themselves, but to their children as well. Moreover, both fathers are concerned with the fates and their own personal role in fulfilling their place in this life and the life beyond death. Sophocles's play centers on Oedipus' parentage, discovering in the end that he has unwittingly killed his own father and committed incest with his mother."
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Women's Health in Mozambique, 2002.
This paper discusses the problems that face women in Mozambique because of poor accessibility to health care, attitudes towards parenthood and uncontrolled flooding.
1,075 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Mozambican women are in desperate need of quality health care and sex education to fight against the high mortality rates and the spread of HIV/AIDS. The author also feels that general education about safe water and living conditions needs to be taught to fight malaria and cholera. But, the author feels the chances of this happening, in such a poor and strife worn country, are poor. Figure. Outline.
Table of Contents
Introduction
HIV/AIDS
Infant and Maternal Mortality
Flood Problems
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the spring months of 2000, there was a great deal of flooding in Mozambique. The Mozambican Ministry of Health, WHO and other international bodies such as UNICEF and the Red Cross implemented strategies to control the spread of cholera and malaria in the African nation. Up to 250,000 people in Mozambique were at risk of malaria or cholera due to the flooding. As the weather warmed and the floodwaters subsided, breeding conditions for mosquitoes were at their prime. The Mozambican Ministry of Health announced that the number of malaria cases in the Matupo province increased to as many
as 80,000. Steps to control the mosquito populations were taken, including the spraying of high-risk areas."
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Pro-Choice, 2006.
An overview and analysis of the controversial issues of abortion and an argument in favor of pro-choice.
3,613 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by presenting a great deal of background information on the topic of abortion, including statistics on various aspects of abortion, a discussion of illegal or unsafe abortions, political positions regarding abortions and the role of planned parenthood. After reviewing and analyzing this information, the paper concludes that the real pro-life position is the position taken by the pro-choice movement rather than the position taken by opponents of abortion.
Table of Contents
Introduction
An Overview of Abortion
Abortion Statistics
Illegal and/or Unsafe Abortions
Medical Groups that Oppose Obstacles to Abortion
Abortion and Both Sides of the Political Fence
Planned Parenthood and Abortion
Pro-Choice Opinion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Abortion is perhaps one of the most emotionally charged debates this country has endured for decades. Two diametrically opposed positions have continued to butt heads over the topic, despite legislation and legal rulings that should have ended the debate years ago. Yet, the fact that the issue is so intertwined with religious and moral beliefs has supercharged the topic to a point that neither side can let go. And, therefore, the debate continues."
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Single Parenting Implications, 2007.
An analysis of the adverse effects of single parent families on children.
5,637 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact on the children involved in families with just one parent. It discusses possible adverse effects, such as developmental issues, increased sexual promiscuity, higher incidences of substance abuse, behavioral disorders and diminished academic performance. The paper then aims to determine what factors are involved in causing these effects and how best to resolve them.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
Chapter 2
Effects of Single Parenthood on Educational Outcomes
Chapter 3
Increased Incidence of Children Becoming at Risk Due to Single Parenthood
Chapter 4
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"In summary, the review of the literature supports the assumption that increases in single parenthood have indeed reduced children's economic well-being; while cohabitating couples were at a slight economic advantage over single-parent households, they were still worse off than married-parent households. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that increases in marriage could be expected to provide a concomitant economic benefit for children in cohabitating and single-family homes. An increase in the number of two-parent homes would also spell the difference between academic success and failure for many children today, not to mention the proven benefits to reducing the incidence of at risk behaviors and criminal activities typically associated with single-family homes."
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The Development of Juvenile Delinquency, 2008.
A discussion of the development of juvenile criminal behavior.
1,832 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts social views and practices regarding juvenile delinquency from 1824 to the present. The paper also looks at the differences and similarities in the way society viewed children and the roles that societal institutions have played in raising children. The paper explains that to really compare juvenile delinquency from the past to the present it is important to comprehend how people lived and how juvenile delinquency was handled back in the 1800s. The paper then points out that the overall goal has changed from punishment to a more rehabilitative viewpoint. The paper shows that, through the help of societal institutions such as churches and school support, all the way up to help from governmental agencies, children have a much greater chance at a healthy lifestyle and childhood. The paper concludes that parents still remain the biggest factor in the development of children and will remain one of the biggest factors in deterring children from becoming delinquents.
Outline:
Delinquency from the Past
Links from Parenthood to Delinquency
Conclusion
Appended Information:
Demographic Background
Family and Social Environment
Economic Circumstances
Health Care
Physical Environment and Safety
Behavior
Education
Health
From the Paper
"The concept of probation was first introduced in Massachusetts in 1841, and thought of as a great alternative to removing troubled children from their home. Around the time of urbanization and industrialization, children who committed crimes such as vandalism and stealing were place in homes or asylums. These children were viewed as victims of neglect and taken from their homes. This was a result of not having any special facilities for juvenile offenders. Children who were unfortunate enough to commit more violent harsh crimes were subject to very more severe consequences according to the text as "imprisonment, whipping and death" (Siegel, Welsh, Senna, p. 366)."
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