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India and Pakistan, 2004.
This paper discusses the history and relationship of India and Pakistan.
3,930 words (approx. 15.7 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that India and Pakistan have been arch-rivals since the partition of the sub-continent that took place more than 50 years ago; their animosity goes back a long time and finds its main causes in religion and history. The paper shows how this animosity has turned into a deadly arms race. The author points out that Pakistan never accepted the accession of the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India. The paper relates that the culture of medieval terrorism has spread throughout Pakistan because the Pakistan government has permissive attitudes towards terrorism and uses Islamic Jihad terrorism against India.
Table of Contents
History of India and Pakistan Relations
Independence and Partition
The Fight for Pakistan's Independence
War and Revolt
The Kashmir Conflict and the Wars Fought between India and Pakistan
Civil Unrest in the State of Jammu and Kashmir before the Issue of Accession
The Transfer of Power in the State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947
Accession
The Plebiscite
First Indo-Pakistani War over the State of Jammu and Kashmir
Second Indo-Pakistani War over the State of Jammu and Kashmir
Third Indo-Pakistani War
The Current Situation in the State of Jammu and Kashmir
Social and Economic Problems in Pakistan and India
Effect of September 11th on India and Pakistan
Pakistan
India
The Culture of Terrorism
The Nuclear Capabilities of the Two Countries
From the Paper
"In 1931, the Maharaja's officials in the Jammu Province disrupted many different Muslim prayer congregations and insulted the Holy Quran. This caused a massive outrage among the Muslim community. The Muslims held many meetings and processions. At a meeting, Abdul Qadeer delivered a violent speech against the Maharaja. He was arrested by the police and charged for sedition. During his trial, the police shot a crowd of Muslim protesters outside the Srinagar Central Goal, taking the lives of twenty-two demonstrators and a policeman. This day is known as "Martyrs Day" in the history of Kashmir, marked as the beginning of the struggle of the Muslim Kashmiris for independence from the Indian government."
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Environmental Management in Pakistan, 2006.
This paper is an original survey of the oil and gas industry of Pakistan to evaluate their pollution control and environmental management.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the oil and gas industry, which is one of the largest industries in Pakistan, is a major contributor to the serious pollution problem in this country, whose rapidly growing industrialization is creating grave environmental problems. The author surveyed many companies in the oil and gas sector of Pakistan and discovered that these companies are concerned about the environment and are attempting to control the pollution caused by their company. The paper points out that the only thing lacking is the cooperation of government, which has not assisted by funding and providing resources that would help these companies bring the pollution level down.
Table of Contents:
The Issue
Scope of Work
Steps Taken to Resolve the Issue
Oil And Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL)
National Refinery Limited (NRL)
Pakistan Refinery Limited (PRL)
Attock Refinery Limited (ARL)
Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL)
Shell Petroleum Limited (SPL)
Pakistan State Oil (PSO)
Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC)
Some Other Steps That Have Been Taken to Solve the Issue
Conclusion
Questionnaire
From the Paper
"NRL has developed some guiding principles which commits them to the protection of the environment. They have developed plans to minimize harm from any accident and comply with laws and regulations. NRL believes in interaction with government on environmental issues. The recent introduction of 90RON unleaded motor gasoline is an evidence of their concern towards good health and preservation of environment. A number of energy conservation projects have been implemented at NRL. Improvement programs are constantly undertaken to combat pollution in respect of emission and effluent waste water."
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Human Rights in Pakistan, 2002.
A look at human rights violations in Pakistan and how they are being dealt addressed.
1,069 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Pakistan, which has a constitution that declares freedom of religion, is highly influenced by the Islamic religion. It looks at how there are many ?blasphemy laws?, which give criminal penalties for offenses against the religion of Islam and serve as tools of religious persecution, and how these laws have been used to unjustly put people into prison for business or economic reasons, as well as religious ones. It discusses how child labor and rights are also big issues in Pakistan and how Pakistan?s human rights problems extend to other areas, including police brutality, cruel and unusual punishment, lack of women?s rights, rape, the death penalty, and many other violations. It also looks at the work of Amnesty International in easing these violations.
From the Paper
"Amnesty International has been working during many of the past years to help end the human rights violations in Pakistan. Amnesty asks Pakistan to release all prisoners of conscience, give all citizens fair trial, train law enforcement to obtain the law, replace cruel punishment with those permitted by international human rights laws, revise women?s and children?s rights laws, stop all executions and abolish the death penalty, uphold law and order and investigate all human rights violations to ensure more violations do not occur in the future (Amnesty International - Time to Take Human Rights Seriously). Using such methods Amnesty has successfully helped release prisoners of conscience and take youths off of death row."
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Mohammed Ali Jinnah: The Father Of Pakistan, 1996.
Reviews the early political history of modern Pakistan. Emphasizes the role of Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the father of Pakistan.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, £ 22.95
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From the Paper
"Pakistan came into being in 1947. The area was part of India until that time. It had been invaded by many Asian peoples through the centuries, with the Muslims arriving in waves from the early 1000s to the 1500s. The British took control over the whole subcontinent in the 1700s. The primarily Muslim areas of India gained independence in 1947 as Pakistan, which then was divided into two widely separated sections (the eastern section would become independent as Bangladesh in 1971). Fighting broke out almost immediately between Muslims and Hindus, and some 7 million Muslims fled from India to Pakistan, while about 6 million Hindus left Pakistan for India. Pakistan is an Islamic republic whose civilian government was ousted in 1977 by a military group, but civilian rule was returned in 1988 (Young students Learning Library, 1996)."
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Pakistan, 2007.
This extensive paper is a political, historical and economic analysis of Pakistan.
4,320 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Pakistan's turbulent history over the past fifty years, its geographical proximity to hostile India and the tensions generated by rival Islamic and Western influences have led to frequent changes in its constitution and to a general suppression of citizens' rights. The author points out that Pakistan's economy, throughout much of its relatively brief history, has been hampered by underdevelopment and chronic poverty in parts of Pakistan, as well as by fiscal mismanagement. The paper concludes that Pakistan's outlook over the next three to five years is uncertain and potentially grim because of the political and religious sectarian instability in southwest Asia: The entire region is a powder keg.
Table of Contents:
Prologue
Introduction
Country Essentials
Leadership Profiles
System of Government
Key Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ultimately, classical Islamic thoughts can contribute to the development of modern democratic institutions in Islamic countries, for the theoretical foundations of democratic systems of justice were advocated by the Prophet Muhammad and have been developed by Muslim philosophers and jurists for centuries. But because democracy is equated with the West, non-Western values and practices must shape the conceptualization and utilization of democracy in Pakistan."
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Pakistan-China Bilateral Relations, 2006.
A review of the relationship between Pakistan and China.
1,904 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Pakistan-China bilateral relations. The paper discusses how despite ideological differences, the rationale for Pakistan seeking close bilateral relations with China is obvious. The paper analyzes the reasons why China decided to reciprocate and discusses main factors that helped to forge Pakistan-China bilateral relations from the 1950s onwards.
From the Paper
"China had nothing preventing it from establishing strong ties with Pakistan but just because it was possible didn't imply any necessity to pursue the cause. To understand what pushed China into a friendship that -over the years- has been considered by some to be the next best thing to brotherhood, the geo-political labyrinth that China found itself in during the three decades after the revolution must be examined. "
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Nuclear Proliferation: India and Pakistan, 2008.
This paper explores the nuclear weaponry proliferation in India and Pakistan.
3,031 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the nuclear weaponry proliferation from a "collective goods" perspective and explores the many reasons why a nuclear arms race between India and Pakistan will not lead to a stable balance of power in the region. The paper discusses international terrorism, sectarian and ethnic hatreds, deep-seated paranoia and the fact that Pakistan is overly-reliant upon its nuclear weaponry for its defense. The paper therefore argues that India and Pakistan should be discouraged from their present nuclear build-ups.
From the Paper
"To start with, "collective goods" is really a term drawn from economics - albeit it is one that can be applied to a number of different disciplines depending upon the context within which it is being introduced. For our purposes, "collective goods" are really public goods wherein the item in question cannot be withheld from one consumer without also withholding it from all consumers. A classic example of this is national defense whereby a nation cannot defend its borders without also defending all individuals who reside within those borders at any one time - including foreigners or "undesirables". Additionally, the "flip-side" of collective goods is that, not only are they items which cannot practicably be denied to any one person, but they are also items which benefit those who simply refuse to pay for them; suffice it to say, the collective good makes "free-riders" out of many people (Yamagishi & Sato, 67-69). This concept has immediate application to the issue of nuclear proliferation in India and Pakistan."
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?Train to Pakistan?, 2002.
A review of the book ?Train to Pakistan? by Khushwant Singh.
841 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Khushwant Singh wrote ?Train to Pakistan? in 1956 when the painful memories of 1947 Partition were still fresh and the wounds hadn?t yet healed. It looks at how the book reflects the true emotions that people felt when they were forced to abandon their homes in both India and Pakistan to move north or south according to their religious beliefs. It analyzes how religion was the biggest cause of this partition and it was what forced people to give up everything they previously had including their old identities.
From the Paper
"Muslims knew that if they did not take such a step, they would be forced to become slaves to Hindus majority that was already more educated and hence more suitable for various positions in the government. Muslims had been living a life of complete self-complacency and came to see their position in true light only when last Mughal Emperor was forced to relinquish control of India. All these political reasons were also grounded in religious differences. Muslims and Hindus were two different nations with separate beliefs, different values, different calendars, and hence they felt it was impossible to live together in one land after the British were driven out. Singh writes, "Where on earth except in India would a man's life depend on whether or not his foreskin had been removed?? "
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Pakistan, 2004.
This paper discusses the failure of Pakistan to democratize its politics and provide a stable society, despite fifty years of independence.
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that democracy in Pakistan has failed because the politics of the country are based on dictatorial democracy and full of corrupt practices. The author points out that the Pakistani society is poverty-stricken; urban sprawl has caused the people to lead miserable lives and, like all poor nations, it is burdened with debt and military rule, seeing little hope of development in the future. The paper states that women in Pakistan have not been given full rights equal to men; they face shocking levels of domestic violence, including acid attacks and burnings by fire, which are estimated to occur in 80 percent of all households in the country.
From the Paper
"Democracy needs institutions, such as viable political parties, an independent judiciary, a free and responsible press and a professional civil service. Pakistan inherited these from the British, but with elected leaders governing like the worst autocrats elections alone were no guarantee of democracy. Failures of consecutive democratically elected leaders in Pakistan cast serious doubts about reinstating such leaders through fresh elections."
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India and Pakistan, 2008.
A comparative analysis of India and Pakistan.
2,677 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, although India and Pakistan jointly won their independence from Britain on August 15th, 1947, following a nationalist struggle within British Colonial India lasting nearly three decades, they differ greatly in matters of politics, economics and law. The paper also looks at how, since partition, India and Pakistan have fought three wars over the disputed area of Kashmir as well as a number of skirmishes although tensions between the two have dissipated significantly since 2004 when war almost broke out. The paper relates that the two countries have also been involved in a nuclear arms race which culminated in both countries testing nuclear weapons in 1998.
From the Paper
"The Pakistani legal system is based on English common law with provisions that account for Pakistan being an Islamic state. Pakistan accepts obligatory International Court of Justice jurisdiction, with reservations. The judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court, provincial high courts, and a Federal Islamic (or Shari'a) Court. The president appoints the chief justice of the Supreme Court and together they determine the remaining judicial appointments. Each province has a high court whose justices are appointed by the president after discussions with the chief justice of the Supreme Court and the provincial chief justice. The judiciary is prohibited from issuing any order divergent to the decisions of the President. Federal Shari'a Court hears cases that primarily involve Shari'a, or Islamic law. Legislation enacted in 1991 gave legal status to the Shari'a court. Although Shari'a was declared the law of the land, it did not replace the existing legal code. "
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Family Life in Pakistan, 2008.
An analysis of the roles of various members of a Pakistani family and the importance of the family unit.
840 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance and the set up of the family unit in Pakistan. It discusses the role of the biradari within the family and looks at the way that marriages are arranged and celebrated. It then considers the importance of sons within the family unit and describes the treatment of women in Pakistani families in the past and during the present times.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
The Role of Families in Pakistan
Marriage in Pakistan
Treatment of Women in Pakistan
From the Paper
"The role of the family is important in Pakistan because it is the basic organization in Pakistan. Families often consist of grandparents, parents, siblings, and other relatives who all live in one house with the focus on the male kin or biradari (Pakistan Tradition Kinship 2006). The importance of the family life is seen in how the biradari celebrate different life events including births, deaths, and major holidays. The importance of the biradari cannot be understated because it offers poor family members loans and even provides a dowry for poorer families (Pakistan Traditional Kinship 2006). When parents cannot provide for the family, often the biradari steps in to help different parts of the family. In Pakistan, the elderly are respected and children are considered gifts from God (Family Life 2006). This is especially true of male children. Sons are considered important because they will provide for their mothers, while females are considered a liability and their innocence must be protected (Pakistan Traditional Kinship 2006). When studying the country of Pakistan, it is important to consider the role of marriage and its value to the people."
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Nuclear Confrontation Between India and Pakistan, 2007.
An analysis of the implications for the area of the continuing threat of nuclear confrontation between India and Pakistan.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical and ideological roots of the conflict between India and Pakistan and its contemporary nuclear manifestation. It discusses how this nuclear saber rattling, specifically over the continuing conflict in Kashmir, will continue to be a threat toward security for the region and how there is no likely resolution in the near future. It also analyzes the implications for the business community.
From the Paper
"Both India and Pakistan tested nuclear devices in May 1998 (Ganguly, 2002). This was a critical turning point in the political relations between Indian and Pakistan. Further it represents one of the most significant contemporary issues facing India. That the nuclear conflict is constructed on an historical conflict of control of the Kashmir region is only the background of the issue. Kashmir is a territory essentially caught in the middle of nuclear "saber rattling" (Oberoi, 2001). The real problem facing political stability in the region at this point is the proliferation of nuclear arms in both India and Pakistan. "
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Ethnic Groups in India and Pakistan, 2002.
Compares relationships between majority and minority groups in Pakistan and India.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 8 sources, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the relations between ethnic majorities and minorities in Pakistan and India. It compares the experiences of the two countries.
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Pakistan's Democracy, 2002.
A comparative politics paper on the democracy in Pakistan.
1,481 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the principles behind a democratic verses an authoritarian regime and takes as an example, the democratic regime in Pakistan since its independance from India in 1947. It examines how the struggle to establish a sustained democracy has been hampered by interethnic strife, fragmented elites, praetorian rule and regional and global influences. It evaluates the influence of Islam, the main religion of the country and the problems ofcoexistence between secularists and Islamists.
From the Paper
"Part of the problem with preserving a peaceful democratic regime in Pakistan is sustainability. Four times since 1988 the parliament has been dissolved by presidents who were not popularly elected. The leaders of Pakistan, military and civilian, have had to rely on the military to safeguard their authority. As a result of this, the same leaders often call upon Islam ?in order to maintain their legitimacy and to uphold different political, economic, and class interests.? These actions have had a retroactive effect to their intentions; dividing rather than unifying."
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