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Offshore Oil Platforms, 1996.
Examines topographical, environmental, technical problems of oceanic drilling platforms, focusing on South Africa example.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, £ 54.95
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From the Paper
"This research reviews the factors that should be considered in the siting of offshore oil drilling platforms. The Bredasdorp basin off the south coast of the Republic of South Africa is used as the project location for an offshore oil drilling platform for purposes of illustrating the factors that should be considered in the siting of such a facility.
Location Description and Relevant Topographical Characteristics
The Bredasdorp basin, located off the south coast of South Africa, has numerous small oil and gas fields within its 18,000 square kilometer area. Many of these deposits are in less than 200 meters of..."
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Offshore Oil Drilling, 1991.
This paper studies the ecological risks involved in drilling for oil offshore on the continental shelf.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, £ 38.95
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From the Paper
"Although efforts have been made to find alternative fuel sources, at this time the United States continues to be dependent upon oil for the majority of its energy needs. Unfortunately, the nation does not produce enough oil domestically to meet this need. Therefore, the U.S. must import foreign oil from unstable regions of the world such as the Persian Gulf. Studies indicate that the United States imports half of the 6 billion barrels that it needs each year, at an annual rate of approximately $42 billion. It has been noted that as much as 50 percent of the nation's current trade deficit is due to this large-scale importation of oil. Because of this situation, it has been argued that the United States should make a greater effort to exploit domestic oil resources. Although there are many onshore sites for oil, the ... "
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Offshore Banking, 2007.
An analysis of offshore banking and its effect on taxation.
4,139 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 77.95
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Abstract
The term "offshore banking" refers to the provision of financial services by banks and other agents to non-residents, a practice that has gained an increasing amount of notoriety in recent years. This paper provides a review of the scholarly and peer-reviewed literature to develop an overview of offshore banking and to identify regulations that have been implemented by U.S. and international agencies to reduce or eliminate the illegal activities and tax schemes that have been deployed by many Americans through the use of offshore banking. An analysis of how offshore banking has affected taxation in the United States is followed by a discussion of what can be done to monitor the activities of offshore banking. A summary of the research and salient findings are provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
The Impact of Offshore Banking on Taxation
Controlling Legislation
Monitoring Offshore Banking Activities
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Offshore banking centers allow actors in the financial markets that are so inclined to use international capital in ways that are not lawful in the more regulated country of origin. Indeed, the absence of regulation is attractive to the money launderer because they are provided with secrecy, a tax haven and the ability to move capital with ease. The International Monetary Fund has identified more than a dozen major offshore centers, many of them in the Caribbean, Southeast Asia and Europe (see Table 1 below); for instance, the Cayman Islands, with a total population of 30,000, hosts 550 banks (see Table 2 below), only 17 of which maintain a physical presence with the remainder conducting business primarily through telecommunications (Shelley, 1998). "
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Offshore Outsourcing, 2004.
An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of offshore outsourcing, with a focus on India.
4,930 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how outsourcing to India can be very lucrative due to significant cost savings and many other beneficial factors surrounding the Indian software market. It discusses offshore outsourcing through a review of the article, "Inside Outsourcing in India", by Stephanie Overby. It examines how, in the article, two experienced entrepreneurs share their lessons and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Indian outsourcing. This paper also explores the history and future of offshore outsourcing, as well as how to successfully plan, implement, and manage such a relationship.
Outline
Executive Summary
Introduction
History
Advantages of Offshore Outsourcing
Disadvantages of Offshore Outsourcing
Planning the Outsourcing Relationship
Implementing the Outsourcing Relationship
Managing in an Outsourcing Relationship
Current Affairs
Future
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"It is important to remember that outsourcing does not shift all responsibilities to service organizations. When stockholders, government agencies, customers and vendors demand answers to key questions, you can bet that they will not stop with the outsource service organization. In fact, most legal and fiduciary responsibilities cannot be shifted at all. The bottom line is this, when there is a serious problem, key questions to be answered, or operational shortfalls, the responsibility resides with management and not the service organization."
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Offshore Outsourcing, 2004.
A discussion of whether offshore outsourcing of software and services jobs strengthen the U.S. economy or weaken it.
4,600 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 18 sources, APA, £ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview of recent research on the economic and labor impact of offshoring IT services to low-cost destinations. The research identifies key determinants, recent trends, occupations affected, magnitude, and benefits of offshoring to the U.S economy. The analysis indicates that the current wave of offshoring involves IT services threatens mainly white-collar occupations in the low-income group, but is counterbalanced by job creation in the high-income sectors. The research argues that the jobs lost to offshoring are a negligible percentage; on the other hand, the reduction in costs of IT services due to offshoring will increase labor productivity, job creation, boost Gross Domestic Product, and further strengthen the U.S. economy.
Table of Contents
Abstract
1 Background
2 Definition of Terms
3 Determinants of Offshore Outsourcing
4 Outsourcing and Productivity
5 Protectionist Measures
6 Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Traditionally, cost reduction has been the overwhelming motivation and perceived payback for outsourcing. While offshore outsourcing is not new (companies have been offshoring manufacturing for many years and reaping significant cost and productivity improvements), the offshoring of business processes is still in its infancy. In the past, outsourcing has often been used tactically, as a rapid and often short-term solution to a particular need or problem, which did not form part of an overall business strategy. The experience of manufacturing illustrated that when it is possible to do things cheaper elsewhere in the world, the work will migrate there. With the relentless pursuit of the lowest global costs, offshoring is getting institutionalized in many companies. So much that firms might resort to a strategic use of outsourcing by working with one or more suppliers in order to effect a significant improvement in business performance. This enables the firm to focus on those products that lie closest to the company?s core capability set and consider jettisoning the rest. "
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Offshore Financial Centers, 2006.
An explanation of the function and future of offshore financial centers.
3,500 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper studies offshore financial centers, or OFCs, which are any financial institutions that conduct offshore transactions. The paper provides a technical definition of OFCs, and then discusses their historical use and relevance. Next the paper discusses the location of OFCs -- and answers why places such as Switzerland and the Cayman Islands host these institutions. The paper then examines the role of OFCs, focusing on their legal protection from investors' local tax burdens. The paper concludes with an assessment of the future of OFCs, citing the effects of international tax reform and other financial guidelines that may impact the perceived utility of OFCs.
Outline:
Definition
History
Where are they?
The Role
Future:
From the Paper
"Offshore Financial Centers or OFCs are areas that choose reduced taxes or lenient financial controlling administration as a shield in case of overseas investors. (The future for offshore financial centers (OFCs)) IMF defines OFC as an area that fulfills the norms as stated below: it is a location marked by a large number of financial institutions, a majority of the business dealings are started in foreign shores, nearly all institutions are managed by non-residents, possesses assets and liabilities disproportionate to the internal economy; and has low or zero taxation, restrained or lax financial guidelines and privacy of banking business. The last norm is related to what is usually known as "tax haven". Nevertheless, whereas the description contains "tax havens" as well, it is not restricted to this category of country. (Canadian Direct Investment in 'Offshore Financial Centers) Offshore finance is, in its general meaning, the provision of financial services by banks and other representatives to non-residents. These services comprise of borrowing and lending of funds to non-residents. This can be in the shape of lending to companies and other financial institutions, financed by liabilities to the offices of the bank who is lending elsewhere, or to market participants. It can even take the shape of accepting deposits from individuals, and investing the profits in other financial markets. (Offshore Financial Centers: IMF Background Paper)"
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Offshore Outsourcing, 2007.
This paper discusses the cause and effect of offshore outsourcing on the American economy.
1,476 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of the American business practice of outsourcing jobs offshore. Specifically, the writer discusses the cause and effect of this practice on the American economy, labor force, customer service, etc. The writer points out that outsourcing a variety of American jobs overseas has become common practice and that the cause of this practice is clear. The writer then explains that American wages are higher than offshore wages, and outsourcing, therefore, saves American companies money. The writer notes that the effects, however, are beginning to be noticed in a wide area, from customer service to job loss. The writer argues that outsourcing overseas may save companies money, but in the end, it places them in a negative light and indicates their lack of interest in protecting and enhancing America and the American economy.
From the Paper
"Outsourcing has really taken off in the last few years. Thousands of American businesses routinely outsource customer service and other jobs to outsourcers in India, China, Russia, and other foreign companies. CBS News reports, "The U.S. government does not keep track of how many American jobs have gone overseas, but there are estimates that in just the last three years, as many as 400,000 jobs have gone to places like China, Russia, and India". In fact, outsourcing is on the rise, and it looks as if that trend will continue. Another expert notes, "The number of service sector jobs moving overseas is expected to reach 588,000 by 2005, up from 100,000 in 2000". This shift of jobs to overseas locations can create several negative affects to the country in a number of areas."
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Aerial Platforms, 2005.
This paper discusses aerial platforms and projects using them especially in the U.K. and other nations outside of the U.S..
1,645 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that most countries outside North America classify aerial platforms as being electronic devices, basically set-top and other types of devices, primarily for use in enhancing television reception. The author points out that the more sophisticated devices are used at remote production sites where top-notch quality transmission back to a central location via satellite is required; these aerial devices can be either land-based, as in a stationary studio application, or carried aloft via aircraft, even in outer space to deliver aerial amplifications. The paper relates other uses and methods of delivery are shipboard where they are used for search and rescue types of operations, as in air crashes at sea; the most frequent application is "hired out" aerial platforms used by production companies for movies and similar projects.
From the Paper
"Yet another greatly successful program of "aerial platform" use is in the tracking of the whale herds in their migration treks through the open ocean. By the use of these platforms, the government of the United Kingdom has been able to set up within the European Union a consultative forum on whaling so that this valuable World Asset and several species are no longer hunted to extinction. As a result of the successful efforts in the Atlantic Ocean, the nations of the Pacific Rim are in negotiations now to establish a similar program within their waters to intelligently harvest whales, an important part of the diets of several Asian nations. The biggest obstacle so far is the cooperation the Russians as since the fall of the Soviet Union this Russian Industry has been all but unregulated by anyone."
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Article: Karen Gugliemo's 'Is Offshore Outsourcing Worth the Loss of Jobs?', 2008.
An analysis of the failing economics of international technology job markets in "Is Offshore Outsourcing Worth the Loss of Its Jobs?" by Karen Gugliemo in 2007"Tech Target--CIO".
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the basis of Gugliemo's article 'Is Offshore Outsourcing Worth the Loss of Its Jobs?' reflects the growing economic disparity that is occurring at the domestic level in the United States and in Canada. The author points out that her research indicates the growing exponential rate of American and Canadian jobs that are being exported over to third world countries have greatly lowered wage rates, threatening the middle class in North America. The paper relates that another factor is the policy making-leverage that America wields over most third world countries supplying technology job markets in the global market. The author underscores that, since many of these jobs are being provided to economically impoverished countries, there is a marked disadvantage not only to the workers being exploited in these countries but also to the workers on the North American continent. This paper includes long quotations.
Table of Contents:
Summary
Discussion
Analysis and Critique
From the Paper
"In Gugliemo's article, the issue of a vanishing middle class is a dangerous idea for native North American technology workers. When companies continually find that they can outsource jobs without government regulation, the country will find itself in a crisis. While the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer, where does the middle class go? Certainly, they would find themselves in the majority of the poor, which can constitute a real danger of stability in the country. Throughout history when the middle class is a missing link between the rich and the poor, civil strife will most likely ensue."
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The Diffusion of Mobile Service Platforms, 2003.
Examines why Finnish consumers buy mobile phones.
3,512 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 23 sources, MLA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
The future of mobile telephony is closely linked to services. Users are required to purchase new phones with new technical features for the large-scale diffusion of service platforms and the adoption of increasingly advanced services. The survey in this paper indicates, however, that services are not such an important reason for consumer purchases of new mobile phones. In this paper, the authors have chosen a different approach, in which they look at the reasons consumers have bought their recent mobile phones in Finland. Instead of relying on the hopes and expectations of the future, they focus on individual consumer interpretations of past behavior. The paper, first, briefly describes the peculiarities of the Finnish mobile market.Then it looks at how the survey was carried out and what kinds of results were obtained. Finally it discusses the relevance of the results for the evolution of mobile services. The paper includes tables.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Case: Finland
Panel Survey and Methodology
Top Reasons for Purchasing a New Mobile Phone
Consumer Interpretations
Conclusions and Discussions
References
From the Paper
"The visions of mobile telephony are closely linked to services, gaming, multimedia and mCommerce. For the large scale diffusion of these innovations and applications, users are required to purchase new phones with new features (Kalakota & Robinson 2002, Lindmark 2002). GPRS, Java and Symbian applications are new parts of the contemporary infrastructure in Europe, but even this infrastructure is going to evolve rapidly in the near future. This means that a user with a phone bought today is not likely to be able to take full advantage of the state-of-the-art mobile features and services a few years from now. Correspondingly, the new features and services will not be commercially successful if only few consumers purchase appropriate phones."
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"Oroonoko": A Novel with Convoluted Platforms, 2008.
A critical analysis of the issue of slavery as depicted in Aphra Behn's "Oroonoko".
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 0 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Aphra Behn's "Oroonoko" must be read with a very keen sense for detail and contends that it is extremely difficult to pinpoint Behn's stance on the issue of slavery, or whether or not she seeks to address the issue at all. The paper examines how, although this novel is often seen as an opposition to slavery, many of the lines throughout the novel depict otherwise and how she constantly considers her race superior to those of a different color, even criticizing them.
From the Paper
"The narrator herself, assumed to be Aphra Behn, is amongst those Europeans who deem themselves far superior to those of darker skin. While praising the natives of Surinam for their abilities to hunt and create, she clearly defines the friendship between the natives and the Europeans as being one based solely on usefulness. She even states that the only reason they (the Americans) are not slaves themselves is because their population "far surpasses" the European's in the West Indies (78). This obviously is stated in the novel in order to establish the superiority Europeans have over all other races. While not marking her as a racist or one that is pro-slavery, this statement doesn't suggest the opposite either, further proving the complexity of this novel. "
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NIke and Offshore Labor, 2002.
Focuses on Nike shoes as an example of the unethical use of labor from underdeveloped countries by an American company.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, in brief, some of the political, ethical and economic issues of American corporations using Third World labor.
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The Oil Industry, 2006.
This paper analyzes the various effects to the oil industry due to increased consumption by competing economies around the world.
3,699 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper examines the oil industry, which currently produces and supplies the world's number one energy source. This paper delves into the high swings in terms of price when there are shortages or excesses in supply, which are determined by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). This paper details the 7 companies that control the oil market throughout the world which include 5 U.S. companies. This paper analyzes the importance of OPEC and its negotiation tactics with the various oil companies regarding petroleum production, prices and future rights of concession of the oil companies in the different countries. The writer of this paper details the history of the oil industry by discussing various events such as the 1973 oil embargo and the events that took place in the 1960s in which the U.S. and Europe restricted the import of oil from Russia. This paper details how world events, primarily those in the middle east, affect the price of oil. The writer explores China and India's demand for oil and how it affects global inflation in general. The government of India is now trying to reduce the prices of oil based items over the immediate future so that inflation can be reduced from the current 8% a year. This in-depth paper also analyzes the effects of America's economy on the world's oil prices.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
International Oil Regime
Major Producers
OPEC
Wars and Inflation
Oil Embargo
1973 October War
Inflation
Economic Growth
Asian Giants: India and China
Increased Demand for Oil by Both Nations
Increased Prices Equal Less Economic Growth
Stagflation
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"It is seen that China is one of the fastest growing nations in economic terms and that has taken up the consumption of oil by the country from 2 million tons a year to over 10 million tons now. Even in last year, the growth is over 35 percent and according to analysis of ban credits, it is estimated that Chin will account for over 40 percent of the growth in oil demand. There is also a large increase in demand for oil in United States and this is boosting oil demand internationally. The demand for imports has now reached the limit of supply at about 80 million barrels a day, as already mentioned earlier. At the same time, there are doubts as to whether the massive imports by China are real annual demand or are for building up strategic stocks. According to JP Morgan, the stocks with china are now about 285 million barrels, and even as per statements from China, there is a stockpile being built which will be completed by the end of this year."
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Nigerian Oil Spills, 2002.
Examines the vast environmental damage in Nigeria due to oil spills and other factors connected to mismanagement in the oil industry.
1,964 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
Oil has been an important part of the Nigerian economy since vast reserves of petroleum were discovered in the 1950s. In 1997, Nigeria earned over 95 percent of its foreign exchange from the sale of oil on the global market. Foreign oil companies dominated oil
exploration, drilling and shipping in Nigeria, with Shell Oil controlling approximately 60 percent of the country?s domestic oil market. This paper examines the huge environmental damage in Nigeria caused by oil spills, gas-flaring and oil waste dumping. The paper looks at the destruction to the biodiversity of the affected regions, loss of wildlife and soil fertility and health problems. It looks, in particular, at the problems which affect the Ogoni people of the Delta region and the compensation Shell was forced to pay. Finally, the paper discusses the future of Nigeria's oil industry and Shell's promise to improve environmental concerns in the region.
From the Paper
"Critics note that such low-tech security operations can surely be significantly improved, especially when hundreds of millions of dollars are spent in developing technologies to discover oil under the ground. There are many oil pipeline surveillance technologies currently on the market, including a host of fiber optic sensors that detect stress in the pipelines and drilling equipment through subtle shifts in the optic wavelength. Researches at the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio have developed harmonic sensors that can be placed inside of pipes via the flow of oil and then attach themselves to the interior to measure outside force. And over the last two years, ChevronTexaco has invested tens of millions of dollars in startup companies that design pipeline sensor networks (ibid)."
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