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OD and Privatization Programs in the Third World, 2005.
A research paper, which looks at the success of organizational development strategies in developing countries.
2,439 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
Considering the failure of many developing countries to conduct successful market liberalization and privatization programs that would integrate them into the global market economy and global financial systems, this paper asks how organizational development strategies could prove useful and increase opportunities for success. Beginning with the argument that privatization was a revolutionary transition, requiring the implementation of radical changes at all of the organization, group, and individual levels, based upon diagnosis of problems and definition of change forms and procedures, the research argues that success was contingent upon the translation of organizational development theory into practice and that failure was the logical outcome of overlooking this. The paper includes a table.
From the Paper
"Conversely, private sector organizations, while having a downward flow of command hierarchy, does encourage employee feedback, further deploying motivation strategies designed to positively impact both input and output. Employees know that the harder they work, the better quality goods they produce and the more innovative they are, will positively influence the organization's financial standing and that they, themselves, will be individually rewarded for their efforts. Data revealed that such a reward system is absent in the public sector. Therefore, the attitudes of these organizations are different, the one giving rise to a work force that is almost entirely distanced from the organization and the other to a workforce that does feel an affinity, loyalty and identification with the organization."
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Privatization Programs in China and Russia, 2007.
A comparison of the Chinese and Russian methods and results of privatization.
6,552 words (approx. 26.2 pages), 23 sources, MLA, £ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and compares the privatization programs of China and Russia. The paper first begins with an introduction to privatization. It then presents the programs of China and Russia and focuses on procedures, results, failures and current situations. Finally, the paper discusses how the United States Securities and Exchange Commission encourages and works towards cooperation in the international arena to protect investors and maintain efficient markets.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Privatization
China
Russia
Effects On U.S. & International Investors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In recent years, as many governments have sought to encourage economic growth and increase productivity, they have privatized some sectors of their economies. Privatization occurs in many sectors of the economy, including telecommunications, aviation, automotive, railroads, construction, power, chemical, and financial services. Privatization is a popular strategy for restructuring economies in both advanced and transitioning countries. In 2005, there were 278 privatization transactions in developing countries (excluding the U.S., Canada & Australia) valued at US$1 million or more. Total proceeds from these transactions were US$52.8 billion.1 Privatization centers on promoting the forces of the free market system. State owned enterprises are transformed into private companies with different ownership and management structures (Zahra & Hansen, 2000, p. 83). Privatization is also an important process in deregulating a centrally controlled economy. Major world organizations, such as the World Bank and the United Nations, emphasize privatizations in granting their aid programs. In former and restructuring socialist countries, the revitalization of the private sector is characterized by parallel growth between a large number of small scale business enterprises and ownership transfer from government owned enterprises from public to private ownership (Han & Pannell, 1999). The retreat of the state from owning and managing business is a key reform for any transitional economy (Green & Tian, 2004, p. 40). Privatization in itself is insufficient to successfully transition to a market economy. However, privatization must occur if a post-Communist country is to transform a planned state owned economy to a market economy (Foo, 2002, p. 233)."
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Privatization of U.S. Space Program, 1997.
Background of program & astronauts, economics and contract competition. Examines technology, politics, insurance, including looking at international issues.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 11 sources, £ 66.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Since its inception, the American space program has operated under the auspices of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) which oversees the various projects which the American space program has undertaken. NASA does not actually manufacture or produce any items, but instead contracts the work to private companies. Despite this, the space program in the United States has been run by the government for many years. Indeed, the impetus for going to the moon was provided by John Kennedy in a famous speech in which he challenged the American people to put a man on the moon within a single decade. In recent years, there has been pressure brought to bear on eliminating, or substantially reducing, the involvement of NASA and the government in the space program. It is thought by many that introducing additional..."
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Estonia and Privatization, 2006.
This in-depth paper examines Estonia's privatization program which has made the Baltic state a model for private enterprise reform.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This well researched paper details Estonia's economy as well as its program of privatization for more than 400 major enterprises which leads the Baltics in the number of wide-scale privatizations. Although Estonia is still a young and immature economy, its prospects could turn out to be far more superior than expected. The writer also discusses how Estonia's small-scale privatization and later globalization of the economy began as a part of the larger reform movement in the era of Soviet perestroika.
From the Paper
"Though it is a young, immature market economy, Estonia is still just that - a market economy. Its prospects could further turn out to be superior than is conventionally expected. Perhaps an analogy - for all of the differences - of Japan's economic miracle is relevant. Indeed, the basis is arguably in the process of being laid for an economic miracle - a chudo. The region possesses an emerging educated population with considerable skills. For the first time in over seven decades, its scientific and technical capabilities are linked to the marketplace - something heretofore impossible. A post-communist generation has emerged, eager to partake in the building of a modern industrial country."
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Treatment Programs for Wife Batterers: Assessment of the Dose Program, 1992.
A proposal for a study on the effectiveness of a treatment program designed to prevent spousal abuse. Includes a literature review and methods section.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 27 sources, £ 82.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
In several speeches in 1989, the United States Surgeon General indicated that over 2 million women are physically assaulted by their spouses or partners each year (Geffner & Rosenbaum, 1990). The O.J. Simpson trial, despite its many sideshows, managed to place the issue of domestic abuse more firmly on the center stage of public discourse. The growing awareness of the seriousness of the domestic abuse problem has resulted in the legal system taking such cases more seriously. In addition to increased incarceration and punishment, many judges have begun referring men who abuse their partners in domestic abuse intervention programs. However, few studies have been made to assess the effectiveness of such programs. Those studies that have been conducted have only drawn weak..."
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An In-Depth Look at Social Programs Across the Country, 2000.
A look at several programs, such as drug and alcohol abuse programs, community dispute programs, and the future of such programs.
4,800 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 9 sources, £ 84.95
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Abstract
Table of Contents
Introduction
Pre- Trial Intervention
Drug Courts
Statutory Diversion
TASC Programs
Mediation Programs
Victim - Offender Mediation Programs
Community Dispute Resolution Programs
Alcohol Detoxification Centers
Manhattan Bowery Corporation
Decriminalization
Future of Diversion Programs
Conclusion
Works Cited Page
From the Paper
In today?s society it has become necessary for the criminal justice system to attempt to employ mores alternatives to the traditional prosecution of cases. It was from this need that Diversion Programs were born. These programs were set up to benefit both the offender and the criminal justice system.
There are several benefits for offenders that these diversion programs offer. It allows an eligible offender to be quickly evaluated and have intervention proceed. After identified as an eligible offender, personalized help can be offered. Help such as drug and alcohol counseling, medical care and different forms of education. Diversion also lessens the trauma to the offender, from an emotional and economic point of view, due to facing possible criminal prosecution. As a whole, these programs give offenders an opportunity to be diverted out of the criminal justice system and get a second chance to redeem themselves.
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Privatization, 2003.
An analysis of privatization, or "contracting out", including the effects of privatizing social services.
913 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
The author writes this essay comparing and contrasting three works, including that of Ronal Moe, around the idea of privatization, or "contracting out." The author also expresses an opinion of the effects of privatizing social services. Although the federal government has given many of their programs to the private sector, history reveals that the idea of privatization has not always been widely accepted. Nevertheless, the "movement" seems to allow the government to cut costs, all the while, weakening their power over these programs. The writers of the three works discussed would debate these issues. Despite the private sector's efficiency, privatizing social services could have a negative effect on disadvantaged clients.
From the Paper
"There has been continued debate over the issue of the privatization of public administration. Privatization can be generally defined as "any public policy decision that involves a reliance on a private means to achieve a pubic end." In Ronald Moe's "Exploring the Limits of Privatization," he examined the need for mutual coexistence and linkage between the public and private sectors while describing the limitations of privatization from a legal perspective. In "The Privatization of Correctional Facilities," Quinlan, Thomas, and Gautreaux provided an overview of the theory and the history of correctional privatization as an introduction to detailed information for the procurement and contracting process in the area of corrections. Both of these works can be compared to that of the "State and Local Fiscal and Privatization Trends" where Chieppo, Montague, and Savas discussed the experiences of different states and their desire, or lack thereof, to privatize government agencies. These three writings are similar in content; however, there are some portions where the ideas of they contrast."
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Juvenile Diversion Programs, 2007.
This paper explores the history and benefits of juvenile diversion programs in the United States and California.
9,633 words (approx. 38.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 136.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the history of juvenile diversion programs in the United States, with a specific focus on California's juvenile diversion programs. The paper discusses the benefits and successes of these types of programs, looking at current diversion programs already in place. The paper examines literature that shows the financial advantages of juvenile diversion programs as compared to processing juvenile offenders through the criminal justice system. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations for future studies on juvenile diversion programs.
Outline:
Introduction
Brief Background of Juvenile Delinquency and Attempts at Diversion
Support for Juvenile Diversion Programs
Background of Juvenile Diversion Programs
Pre-charge Diversion Programs
Specific Juvenile Diversion Programs Currently in Use
Brief Overview of the Juvenile Court System
Cost-Comparison of Juvenile Diversion Programs and the Criminal Justice System
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, juvenile delinquency has emerged as a significant criminal and sociological issue, raising concern among parents, educators, policy-makers and government officials alike. Juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue in the United States; in California the public has been overwhelmed with stories from the media, providing graphic evidence of a crime wave generated by our youth who, according to media reports, prey upon a defenseless public. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reports that on average, juveniles were involved in one-quarter of serious violent victimization annually over the last 25 years; juvenile offenders were known to be involved in about 1,100 murders in the U.S. in 2003; over 108,700 juveniles were in detention, correctional, or shelter facilities in 1995; and courts with juvenile jurisdiction disposed of more than 1.6 million delinquency cases in 2000."
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Privatization, 2005.
A look at both sides of the privatization issue, especially with regard to the privatization of Social Security in America.
1,501 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper presents arguments both for privatization and against privatization. The paper also cites situations and examples both in America and abroad as to why or why not privatization is a good idea and why it may or may not work. The paper begins with an explanation of what is meant by privatization.
From the Paper
"Privatization is defined as the altering of a public enterprise into a private enterprise (Scott). According to a book entitled Privatization and Economic Performance, Privatization is designed to ?improve industry performance by increasing the role of market forces.? (Bishop et al) In many cases, privatization comes about after there is a problem in maintaining the financing of the public enterprise. Such is the case with the issue of social security in the United States."
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The DARE Program (Drug Awareness Resistance Program), 2002.
This paper discusses the DARE program. DARE (Drug Awareness Resistance Program), a program designed to educate students about illegal drugs
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that DARE guides children to resis using as they get older and others begin to experiment. The author explains the program, its positive and negative sides and supports the premise. The paper gives suggestions To improve the program.
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Structural Adjustment Programs, 2005.
A look at the causes and effect of structural adjustment programs on workers in Africa.
12,062 words (approx. 48.2 pages), 20 sources, MLA, £ 161.95
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Abstract
In recent years, it has become obvious that the countries of Africa are not getting any better financially in spite of structural adjustment programs (SAP) and IMF programs. In fact, unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy continue to rise. Immortality is on the rise, with many children not living to see their fifth birthday. This paper looks at why Africa's people live in poverty in spite of its large number of natural resources and attempts to provide insight into ways that can assist it into becoming more self-sufficient.
Outline
Introduction
Commencement of Problem
Summary of Projected Solution
Effects of the SAPs
Overview of Structural Adjustment Programs
Description of SAPs and IMF Programs
Objectives of SAPs
Effects of SAPs on the Economy
Key Issues of the Program
Program Focus
Potential for Success
Effects on Domestic Economy
Disadvantages
Structural Adjustment Effects in Africa
Overview
Conditionality
Effects on African Economy
Credibility of SAPs
Privatization
Potential for Success
Key Issues
Performance Management
Description
Working Under SAPs
Impact on Trade Unions
Effects of SAPs
Possible Solutions
Labor Laws
Impact on Trade Unions
Role of Trade/Labor Unions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The continent of Africa has been plagued by debt since it gained its independence from Europe, and the majority of those debts are owed to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Even though these organizations have only been officially in existence since their conception in 1944, the conditions of the IMF and World Bank existed long before that time. As of 2004, Africa's debts to the IMF and World Bank stood at over $300 billion, and it is unlikely that that number is representative of revenues lost to Europe and America since those monies have increased poverty rather than being beneficial to Africa. Every year a total of $15 billion is transferred from the poorest countries in Africa and other places in the world to the richest countries through interest payments."
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Welfare Programs, 2006.
A paper comparing the welfare programs of President Lyndon B. Johnson to present day welfare programs.
2,653 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 24 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the welfare programs under former President Johnson's "War on Poverty" to today's politically conservative approach to welfare programs. The paper contends that, while President Johnson's programs were committed to the maximum feasible participation of the poor, today's welfare policies have caused a narrowing rather than an expansion of the citizenship of the poor. The paper concludes by suggesting that the challenge for anti-poverty and labor activists now is to create a coordinated response that harnesses the progressive possibilities of the War on Poverty to contest the disenfranchisement and further impoverishment of poor mothers and their communities.
From the Paper
"For a short time, the War on Poverty expanded the local citizenship. Today, this differs from the disenfranchisement and urban disinvestment of today's policies. Commitment to maximum feasible participation of the poor has disappeared from the welfare policies of the 1980s and 1990s. Emphasis on community action and comprehensive, multiservice, community-based approaches to fighting poverty has receded from public discourse. So have calls for local community control over the assessment of community needs and the design and implementation of antipoverty programs. Contemporary welfare reform shifts control over funds for social support to the individual states, but it does not require or invite the active participation of community residents and welfare recipients in program design, resource allocation, and implementation. However, certain features that were prominent in the Community Action title of the Economic Opportunity Act have gained renewed popularity in the contemporary conservative political climate: namely, community service and decentralization."
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The Price of Privatization, 2006.
An examination of the effects of privatization of public companies in the United Kingdom.
1,567 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at the effects of privatization of public companies in the United Kingdom. The author reminds us that with the election of a conservative government over two decades ago, they were all for open market philosophy. Hence the start of privatization of large companies. The author talks about the first few large companies that were privatized. As a result he believes that the market is much more competitive and has produced a better quality of managers, better financial stability, and greater customer-oriented skills. He states that while other European countries are still floundering with their government controlled monopolies, the UK has proven how well privatization works for everyone. The paper also looks at the opponents of privatization who say that regulators are consistently pressed by these growing private companies. He gives an example of the private water and electricity companies that raised their prices so high that there were deaths from the winter's cold and an increase in diseases carried in the water. In conclusion, the author gives us his opinion that privatization is unacceptable, and affects the lives of so many people without a second thought.
From the Paper
"One of their main concerns is the rising threat of monopolies
taking over the companies, and even proponents of privatisation
conclude that what really matters is competition in this system. (see
Footnote 1) Cable and Wireless and British Petroleum are fine
examples of this mistrust, since they have a plethora of power and
wealth. Another concern the antiprivatisationist have voiced is the standard of the workers in these privatised companies that have
shown to diminshed."
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Children's Programs and Violence, 2004.
Questions whether children?s television programs are more violent
than adult programs.
2,956 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 60.95
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Abstract
North American culture of 2004 was a media-rich one. In addition to the Internet and magazines, there were literally hundreds of television stations in nearly every home. This has led to heated debate over the prevalence of violence on television. The wealth of literature on violence in television indicates that this is a matter of great interest to social psychologists. Furthermore, the indication by some studies that violent children?s programming leads to violent behavior has fueled calls for greater oversight in the area of violence and aggression as it pertains to children?s TV. This study looks at the distinction between aggression and violence and examines the incidence of both in programs for children compared to programs for adults. The paper includes tables.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, Peters and Blumberg examined cartoon violence in particular (2002) and questioned whether the violent acts seen in cartoons should be interpreted as genuine violence, or a fantasy-based behavior with no relation to the real world. Because preschoolers watch so much television, largely cartoon shows, the issue of violence in cartoons, and its possible effects is also of interest. Peters and Blumberg point out that, ?the NTVS [National Television Violence Study] found that nearly two-thirds of serials for children contained violent acts.? (2002). They go on to mention that the cartoon genre ?anime?, popularized in Japan was an unusually violent (and popular) style of cartoon with children. This study on cartoon violence goes on to conclude that this may actually present a learning opportunity for parents who choose to co-view with their kids."
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