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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 2008.
A critique of the film "What About Bob?" by Frank Oz and book
"Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: The Latest Assessment and Treatment Strategies" by Gail Steketee.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a critique of a film, What About Bob", and a book, "Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: The latest Assessmentand Treatment Strategies, which are both about obsessive compulsive disorder. The paper explains that the author learned from the film that the sociopathic, interpersonal behaviors, which the character of Bob in the film exhibits, are some of the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD). The paper then relates that a major area of contention in the book is the use of medications to help resolve the common symptoms of OCD. The author stresses that Steketee provides a great deal of insight about behavioral therapy, which provides far more solutions to OCD than the medicinal and surgical treatments often found in other studies done for patient treatment.
From the Paper
"Some of the others question about Steketee's reliance on behavioral therapy for treatment is the Appendix where she describes many of the findings of clinical studies that provide information about behavioral therapy. Certainly, the success rates of behavioral therapy need to be addressed far more often than the heavily sponsored pharmaceutical studies being done due to their massive financial resources. Steketee provides the foundation for behavioral studies that give her the premise of providing more behavioral solutions for patients that are suffering from this disorder."
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 2002.
An overview of the causes and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a psychological disorder that causes the same stressful or alarming and worrisome thoughts to occur over and over, obsessively, in the mind of the person with the disorder.
Outline
What is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?
What is OCD Like?
How does One Get OCD?
How is OCD Diagnosed?
How is OCD Treated?
From the Paper
"Children tend to show specific patterns. They may avoid sharp things out of a concern regarding injuring self or others. OCD often makes a child appear to dawdle when the child is actually repeatedly checking or counting something. They may appear to daydream when they?re actually stuck in an obsessive thought. If they have hand-washing rituals, they may spend extended amounts of time in the bathroom. Repeated checking and insistence on a stylized perception of perfection can cause late schoolwork. There may be signs of many erasures on papers. It may be hard to spot these things, because people with OCD often work hard to hide their traits so no one will try to make them give them up (Gale Ency., 2001)."
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 2004.
This paper discusses Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), a brain-based psychological disorder characterized by uncontrollable obsessions to perform repeatedly behavioral rituals.
1,215 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) must be distinguished from Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD), which is a completely different psychiatric disorder. Despite some similarity between the irrational themes underlying each disorder, OCPD patients do not typically perform compulsive rituals; rather, they tend to become preoccupied with perfectionism or with ordered regularity or rules. The author points out that Behavioral Modification Therapy is unsuccessful by itself, but it is often combined with Cognitive Therapy, in which the therapist discusses the irrationality of the specific fears underlying the patient?s fears and compulsions. The paper states that the first goal of pharmacological treatment of OCD is to maintain a sufficient level of serotonin in the brain to eliminate OCD symptoms.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Symptoms
Treatment
Prognosis
From the Paper
"The first line of medications used in conjunction with treatment of OCD is anti-anxiety medications or mild sedatives to counteract the increased anxiety that is often brought on by behavioral and cognitive psychotherapeutic approaches. If the patient is unresponsive (or not satisfactorily responsive) to a combination of behavioral and cognitive therapy, the next approach is usually the prescription of a Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitor. Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors are classified either as Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRI) or Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI). As their names imply, both SRI?s and SSRI?s block the reuptake (or absorption) of the neurotransmitter seratonin to address seratonin insufficiency in the brains of patients exhibiting OCD symptoms. SSRI?s are usually employed first because they affect only seratonin; whereas, SRI?s also impinge upon other neurotransmitters that are unrelated to OCD symptoms. Consequently, SRI?s are more likely to result in coincidental unwanted side effects, such as weight gain, tiredness, dizziness, as well as blood pressure changes and even cardiac irregularities."
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Nursing: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 2008.
A look at the issues involved in nursing obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) outpatients.
1,969 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the nursing aspects of working in an outpatient capacity with young patients suffering from various levels of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. It analyzes the literature on OCD treatment from a number of perspectives and from the relatively benign, such as fear of flying, to life-threatening, such as anorexia.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, Sertraline, and Their Combination for Children and Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
A Narrative Approach to Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Self-Injurious Behavior: A Bi-Modal Treatment Approach to Working with Adolescent Females
Measurement of Nonclinical Personality Characteristics of Women with Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia Nervosa
Conclusion
From the Paper
"SSRI's have helped to transform OCD treatment for many with mild- to moderate OCD syndromes. This metastudy looked at the literature which pertains to pediatric and adolescent sufferers of OCD, which is a helpful expansion from earlier clinical work done on SSRI's with adults. The meta-study looked exclusively at well-conducted clinical trials, which were randomized, double-blinded, limited to patients 19 or under, and had a placebo or other sort of control. The study does not indicate whether all patients were analyzed on a prospective rather than a retrospective basis, which would be an additional claim of objectivity.
In all, the meta-study included 12 studies with 1,044 participants, an average of 87 patients per study. Given that four SSRI's were evaluated, it is difficult to draw statistically-significant conclusions from these studies--many were simply underpowered, with some n's as low as 21, 7 and 11. This meta-study calculated a "fail-safe N," a number below which negative data would disprove the conclusions; this author would argue that the total number of participants was too close to the fail-safe N to be able to draw statistically valid conclusions."
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Anxiety and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, 2006.
A case study of a woman diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
2,323 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses abnormal psychology and personality disorders in general and obsessive-compulsive disorder in particular, with a full case study of a woman diagnosed with this complaint. It details all the related symptoms and their manifestation concluding with suitable available treatments.
Outline:
Introduction
Case Study Particulars
The Prevalence and Characteristics of Anxiety Disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
The Physiological basis of anxiety disorders
Diagnostic Alternatives
Treatment Strategies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Martin Kantor, abnormal psychology concerns "the study of mental disorders and maladaptive behavior, including neuroses and psychoses, and of normal phenomena that are not completely understood, such as dreams and altered states of consciousness" (1992). As a branch of the study of abnormal psychology, a personality disorder "is a non-psychotic mental illness characterized by enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about oneself and the environment in ways that are maladaptive, being those that go against normal adaptive processes" (McNeil, 1970). Thus, an individual affected with a personality disorder often utilizes inflexible behavior patterns in order to fulfill his/her own personal needs and attain self-satisfaction, often at the expense of others and society. These traits mainly result in severe functional impairment and/or subjective distress, usually imagined or brought on by a particular illness.
"Having a personality disorder means that the affected individual is not the kind of person who can adapt smoothly to the normal routines of everyday life. Instead, the person expects the world and those in his orbit to change rather than being able to adjust to the requirements of different situations and relationships. In essence, the affected person behaves in a rigid and inflexible way that perpetuates vicious cycles and fulfills his/her worst prophecies".
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Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 2004.
Case study of a patient diagnosed with anxiety-based, obsessive-compulsive disorder.
2,340 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper uses a case study of a patient diagnosed with anxiety-based, obsessive-compulsive disorder to discuss its symptoms, characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment.
From the Paper
"Having a personality disorder means that the affected individual is not the kind of person who can adapt smoothly to the normal routines of everyday life. Instead, the person expects the world and those in his orbit to change rather than being able to adjust to the requirements of different situations and relationships. In essence, the affected person behaves in a rigid and inflexible way that perpetuates vicious cycles and fulfills his/her worst prophecies."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, 2008.
A study carried out on children of sufferers of obsessive compulsive disorder.
2,584 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a study that examines whether the effects of thought suppression, present in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) sufferers, may be present in those at risk of developing OCD before they are diagnosed. The study is conducted using children with at least one parent who has been diagnosed with OCD. The study also utilizes the technique of journal completion by the participants to investigate further the underlying processes of thought suppression which may be present in those at risk of developing OCD.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Background
Research Questions
Hypothesis
Methods and Procedures
Limitations
Discussion
Results
From the Paper
"Although there have been studies to examine the deficit in cognitive inhibitory processes in adults, it is so far unclear whether the processes are a predictive factor of obsessive compulsive disorder development. It is possible that the cognitive deficits may be something which develops with the onset of obsessive compulsive disorder. This study aims to assess whether the cognitive deficits may be predictive of obsessive compulsive disorder through psychologically based experiments with the children of those diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder.
"One prominent feature of obsessive compulsive disorder is the attempt by sufferers to ignore and suppress their intrusive thoughts (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). This strategy is not usually successful and may in fact lead to the intrusive thoughts occurring with increased frequency. The cognitive-behavioral model of OCD suggests that this failure to control intrusive thoughts is a key factor in the formation of frequent and intense obsessions that are the key characteristic factor of the disorder (Rachman, 1998; Salkovskis, 1994)."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, 2005.
An overview of the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in adults and children. The paper begins with a discussion of the etiology and prevalence of the disease. Next the paper reviews co-morbid diseases. The paper then focuses on the symptoms and treatment of OCD, with special emphasis on the role of the nurse as therapist and educator.
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, 2005.
A discussion about obsessive compulsive disorder and its treatments.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, £ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a presentation on obsessive compulsive disorder with respect to theory, characteristics and treatment. The treatments discussed are both cognitive behavioral therapy and medical management therapy. In the paper, certain drugs are presented as treatment modalities. The paper also reviews Schwartz's cognitive behavioral therapy program.
From the Paper
"Throughout history, mental disorders have plagued mankind without benefit of understanding or empathy. In fact the majority of mental disorders such as schizophrenia, personality disorders, manic-depressive or bipolar disorders have long been misunderstood and mistreated. As a result of the misunderstanding of the mental disease process, fear and shame were often the hallmarks of those who were afflicted. At times, those afflicted with a mental disease were tortured, burned at the stake as heretics and even placed in "cleansing vats", all in the name of purifying the mind. Today, however, through a more compassionate and scientific understanding, mental disorders have become a recognizable disease characterized by a disruption of the body's psycho-neurobiological process (Docherty, et al, 2003)."
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Interventions for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, 2007.
This paper discusses two methods of intervention applicable to working with children and young people with obsessive compulsive disorder.
1,631 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
Within the context of multi-disciplinary practice, relevant legislation and social policy, this essay outlines and evaluates two methods of intervention applicable to working with children and young people with a mental health disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The methods of intervention that are outlined and evaluated are cognitive behavioural therapy and opportunity led work. The essay also addresses the challenges inherent in practicing across different value bases and theoretical understandings of the medical and social model of mental health. Throughout the essay, an awareness of oppressive and discriminatory practice is present.
From the Paper
"There are two theoretical perspectives to take into consideration when working with people with mental health issues; the medical model and the social model. The medical model has a broad application however it does originally sit in the field of medicine. The medical model follows a general series of events; diagnosis stage, prescriptive stage and curative stage. The diagnostic stage is when the individual goes to see the professional, be it a doctor or a psychologist. The prescriptive stage is when the individual describes what is wrong with them or explains what is happening to them. The curative stage is the resolution stage where the professional attempts to find a solution to the problem. The medical model does not take into consideration any external forces such as family or social networks when dealing with the individual whereas the social model is based on these external influences on the individual. The medical model is defined by a set medical framework and this then defines how the individual will be viewed, this differs from social work as the interventions are always client led."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, 2003.
A review of childhood Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
2,760 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper studies obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in children. The paper begins by discussing the lack of a precise known cause of OCD. Next the paper looks at treatment of a psychiatric condition that may be both neurobiological and psychological. The paper also examines the debilitating impact of this anxiety disorder and some solutions.
From the Paper
"Obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD is a complicated and still puzzling psychiatric disorder that has been called one of the most debilitating of the anxiety disorders. Recent studies suggest that approximately..."
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 2008.
A discussion of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) among Americans.
1,953 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In particular, the paper describes what the disorder is, how prevalent it appears to be among Americans, what the etiology of the disease is, and what treatments are available to combat it. In addressing these matters, the paper looks at some empirical studies that have emerged in recent years and how they shape our understanding of this still largely inscrutable illness. In conclusion, the paper shows that it appears as though behavioral therapy is the best course of action - and considerably more preferable than any drug regimen.
From the Paper
"The same path-breaking empirical work also goes further with regards to evaluating sub-categories of obsessive-compulsive neuroses. For one thing, there are six discrete sub-categories of obsessive-compulsive thoughts that researchers as early as the middle 1970s found enormously important and pervasive among patients. For instance, there is the motif of "dirt and contamination"; the theme of "aggression"; the theme of "inanimate-impersonal"; religious motifs; sexual obsessions; and miscellany of one sort or another that could not be comfortably placed in any of the preceding categories."
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An Understanding of Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder, 2002.
An analysis of the psychological disease - obsessive-compulsive disorder, outlining causes and treatments.
3,548 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 22 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper is a detailed, up-to-date description of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The paper examines the signs, symptoms and possible underlying causes of the disorder. It illustrates theories of etiology and explanation of the disorder, and its pharmacological and psychological treatment is discussed. The writer claims that more research is required for successful treatment of the disorder.
From the Paper
"Of all mental disorders, with the possible exception of depression, anxiety disorders are the most common and most intricate to diagnose, as clinicians must constantly differentiate between patients experiencing acute, normal anxiety and patients disabled by a pathological condition. The key factor differentiating between normal anxiety and pathology is subjective in nature - "appropriateness". Persons experiencing the death of a loved one, divorce, sickness, or other catastrophic life events benefit by their appropriate physiological and psychological reactions. As the duration and intensity of the anxiety state increases in response to more commonplace and innocuous stimuli the patient's anxiety progressively becomes pathological. Eventually the anxiety state becomes pervasive enough to interfere with every day functioning and overall quality of life and induces the patient to seek treatment. This anxiety may take many forms from vague and generalized, unspecified, or directly related to a specific traumatic event. One such form of anxiety is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and after phobias, it is the most prevalent form of pathological anxiety."
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 2000.
A comprehensive overview of obsessive- compulsive disorders.
2,675 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 9 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It explains the nature of this mental illness and discusses the two main theories about how it occurs. Treatment methods and their effectiveness are looked at. The writer concludes that behavioral therapy is the most effective treatment method.
From the Paper
"Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that traps people in endless cycles of repetitive thoughts and behaviors and must repeat certain actions over and over to relieve that stress or to obtain from danger. Pierre Janet described obsessive-compulsive disorder by using the term psychasthenia. Sigmund Freud described obsessions and compulsions as psychological defenses used to deal with sexual and aggressive conflicts in the unconscious mind (Bruce Bower: 1987). OCD is also known as ?The Doubting Disease,? because it?s as though the mind doesn?t register when the person does a certain action, which triggers the source of the obsession (USA Today:1995). Unlike most people with anxiety disorders, those diagnosed with OCD are more obsessed with what will happen to others instead of themselves (Edna Foa: 1995). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder occurs in a spectrum from mild to severe. At some point the person will see the actions or thoughts as unreasonable and senseless. All people have habits and routines, but what makes obsessive-compulsive people different is the fact that their obsessions and compulsions interfere with their daily lives (American Family Physician: 2000)."
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