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Object-Oriented Development, 2004.
An explanation of the process of object-oriented development and the advantages over component-based development.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between object-oriented (OO) and component-based development. It begins by describing the evolution of the abstraction process and the emergence of OO programming. Next, the limitations of OO programming are discussed, along with an explanation of how component-based development was born to serve as a complimentary extension to OO to overcome its primary disadvantages. Given the differences between objects and components, this paper makes recommendations for developing systems using both constructs. Finally, the future of objects and components is discussed.
From the Paper
"Assembly languages started the abstraction process by coding the binary-based machine code, or pulse train of successive 0s and 1s, into assemblies representing particular machine code sequences (Hoagland). Next, higher level languages made coding closer to human readable. The language and its compilers were coordinated such that the output would give a computational valid result. OO programming raised the level of abstraction in programming even further. OO programming is a programming language model organized around "objects" rather than "actions" and data rather than logic."
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Object-Oriented Programming, 2001.
A look at the preference of "object-oriented" approach to programming over the "structured" approach.
680 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 12.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the reasons behind the current growing popularity of the "object-oriented approach" in programming and as a result the lessening of popularity of the "structured" approach. The advantages of both forms of programming are examined. The "software crisis" that prompted this changeover is also examined. A number of case studies are presented, illustrating the use of object-oriented languages and programs with attention to what it is about object-oriented design that makes it so attractive currently for use in developing information systems.
From the Paper
"In the past two decades, and now occurring at an ever-faster rate, a vast collection of computer software has been designed to help people organize different kinds of information in the most efficient way possible. This paper examines one of the most important developments to have come out of this push for increasingly sophisticated information systems: The shift from structured approach to an object-oriented approach."
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Object Oriented Hypermedia Design Model, 2002.
A brief overview of the Object Oriented Hypermedia design model and the four-step process involved in its development.
2,480 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The Object Oriented Hypermedia Design Model uses an object oriented framework to allow a concise description of complex information items, and allow the specification of complex navigation patterns and interface transformations. This paper provides an explanation for each step in the process and discusses. The past, present and future business uses of the model.
From the Paper
"A well-designed application is important because business owners understand that how a website functions will either create repeat customers or discourage customers from visiting the site. It is essential that a website is easy to navigate and that it functions in an efficient manner. It is also important for a business to be able to correct problems with the system quickly, which will prevent the loss of customers and profits. As a result of the demands that are placed on business to have an efficient website a precise software production process is needed. (Abrahao, Fons, Pastor 2000, 2) The OOHDM process provides the stability needed to accommodate an e-commerce site."
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Object Oriented Programming, 2002.
An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of object oriented programming.
785 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 14.95
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Abstract
This paper suggests that one needs to be aware of the dogma of object-oriented programming. Just as many problems have 'natural' object-oriented solutions, equally many are best solved in a functional way. The author suggests that the best programs and projects are mostly a mixture of both.
From the Paper
"Data fields and methods are transmitted to the subclasses by their parent and ancestor classes, but the subclasses have the authority to override these with more specific versions. A virtual method is thus defined when it is able to override another, which means that the version chosen will determined at run-time. A wrong version might be used when, for example, one method is called from within another."
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Object-Oriented Design Patterns, 2002.
This paper presents a method, in object-oriented computer programming, to establish more structured and flexible sets of reusable solutions which is called design patterns.
2,405 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that object-oriented programming, a widely used and popular approach in software design and development, has the capability of presenting solutions, which are flexible and applicable in a variety of applications. The author relates that design patterns are reusable object components that can support diverse application development needs, providing readily available solutions even to complex programming problems. This paper explains 8 design patterns. Illustrations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Design Patterns
Iterator
Software Factory Pattern
Singleton Pattern
Composite Pattern
Flyweight Pattern
Proxy Pattern
Facade Pattern
Observer Pattern
From the Paper
"The practice of considering the proper elements of a good software design patterns plays an essential role to an easy development and maintenance of applications and systems. A good software design pattern provides a well-engineered architecture of programming commands and procedures in which the solution it brings encapsulates the universal solution of the problem it covers, thereby, making it a standard and applicable component to other software development tasks. A real design pattern also should allow the possibility of a community of developers to either fully utilize the same pattern or use the pattern as a solution reference applied with minimal changes."
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Object-Oriented Database Management Systems (OODBMS), 2004.
This paper discusses the marketing problems of Object-Oriented Database Management Systems (OODBMS).
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 15.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Object-Oriented Database Management Systems (OODBMS), which emerged in the 1990s, quickly found their niche in handling complex data types; however, the long-term vision of OODBMSs to replace relational databases has never materialized. The author points out that OODBMS technology remains a small niche market, generating only around a few hundred million dollars in revenues, compared to the multi-billion dollar relational database market. The paper states that the goals of large relational database vendors, such as Oracle, IBM, and Microsoft, have been to synthesize the best of relational databases and OODBMs, such as the flexibility of the OODBMS data model and the performance of relational database functions, into an Object-Relational Database Management System.
From the Paper
"OODBMSs first started to be researched in the 1980s and the first commercial products gradually appeared in the early 1990s from vendors such as Object Design, Objectivity, Versant, Computer Associates and Ardent. By the late 1980s and early 1990s it was recognized that object oriented (OO) languages had some very strong advantages over non-OO languages for many programming applications. OODBMSs emerged to reduce the impedance mismatch between the programming languages and the DBMS, to offer performance advantages (due to navigation from roots and sophisticated caching and swizzling technologies), and to provide transparent support for complex user-defined types including the ability to store, call and query complex objects directly."
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Object-oriented Programming, 1999.
Definition, objectives, software simplification, expert systems, data mining, computer languages, applications, benefits and examples.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 13 sources, £ 61.95
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From the Paper
"OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Introduction
This research reviews issues associated with object-oriented programming. While object-oriented programming is a separate paradigm, it is interrelated to the parallel programming, functional programming, and concurrent programming paradigms (Morin & Puaut, 1997).
General Issues
A system is often defined as a complex of interacting objects that have some form of process behavior. In developing a program to operate a process, the programmer "has in mind a systematic correspondence by which the contents of certain storage cells represent objects and relationships within the subject domain" (Winnograd & Flores, 1991, p. 104). Research in artificial ..."
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Object-Oriented Analysis & Design, 1996.
Examines alternative approach to software development, focusing on Rumbaugh Object Modeling Technique. History, concepts, advantages.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, £ 20.95
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From the Paper
"Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) offers an approach to system design that focuses on basic problems not covered in traditional approaches. This alternative approach employs methods that emphasize the definition, structure and use of data and which concentrate on the procedures and functions used to define meaningful results. The goal of OOAD is to provide a common basis for the system professional and the information system use so they can better understand one another in the exchange of information about existing systems and expectations for future development. Structured analysis also has this goal, but uses process analysis rather than data analysis, which is the key tool within object-oriented approaches. There are several types of object-oriented approaches which are used..."
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Object-Oriented Analysis and Design, 2004.
Looks at the stages involved in designing a system that meets the needs of a business and the challenges faced by the systems analyst when designing that system.
4,854 words (approx. 19.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This is a research paper on systems design and analysis, which explores Unified Modeling Language (UML) and the different types of modeling that are at the analyst's disposal to apply in various situations. It discusses the numerous stages of a design project and makes a point of emphasizing that the most important parts of an design/analysis project are in those very planning and design stages.
From the Paper
"The most important stage in designing a system that meets the needs of the business is the planning and design stage. It is easy for an analyst to jump into the job without a clear picture of what the final product should look like. The system must meet the technical needs, yet still be manageable for the user. Many want to jump from concept to coding without proper attention to the most important part of the process, the planning stage. Often the planning stage is given the least amount of consideration in the design process, when in reality it should be the stage upon which the most emphasis is placed."
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Object Orientated Global Information Technology Management., 2002.
A research proposal on Object Orientated Global Information Technology Management.
2,945 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
The proposal contains a literary review that focuses on the cultural influences that impact information technology and the use of information technology in strategic planning. To carry out this research, the use of academic and professional journals, books, databases, the internet and surveys are implemented. The results of the research find that culture has greatly influenced the use of information technology. The research also demonstrates that organizations utilize information technology to meet their strategic planning needs.
From the Paper
"An article entitled "The information Technology revolution" (2001) explains that information technology has had a profound impact upon the macroeconomic environment. Various forms of information technology including computer software, hardware and telecommunications equipment has inundated our society and culture. (The Information Technology Revolution, 2001) These technological advances have come at a rapid pace which has been reflective of our cultural needs and desires. Our needs and desires exist at the individual level and the corporate level and have aided in fashioning a culture that worships technology.
There are many theories that attempt to explain man's need to create. According to Brinkman (1997) culture provides the primary explanation for human nature. Borgida et al, (2002) reiterates the influence of culture on information technology saying that the impact of the political and social environment has become a mainstay in the field of social scientific study."
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New Approaches in Systems Development, 2004.
Discusses the extension of object-oriented application development with components.
2,652 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
The differences between the emerging, component-based development and long-standing, object-oriented (OO) development are often unclear. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between OO and component-based development. It begins by describing the evolution of the abstraction process and the emergence of OO programming. Next, the limitations of OO programming are discussed, along with an explanation of how component-based development was born to serve as a complimentary extension to OO to overcome its primary disadvantages. Given the differences between objects and components, this paper concludes with recommendations for developing systems using both constructs. Finally, the future of objects and components is discussed. The paper includes figures.
From the Paper
"There are also other differences between components and objects. One is the division of labor (Hurwitz, 1998). Components create two classes of developers. The first group of developers are highly skilled developers who can use all the power of objects to create fine-grained objects that they then string together to create large-grained business-oriented components. The second group is the traditional corporate developers who do not know how to program in complex object-oriented languages. These developers use components created by the more skilled developers. The corporate programmer is not allowed to change the component's content. Thus, a coarse-grained component does not allow inheritance to be applied, which protects the integrity of the component and helps prevent mistakes."
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Agent-Oriented Software, 2004.
A look at the importance and use of agent-oriented software usage in today's business world.
8,602 words (approx. 34.4 pages), 36 sources, MLA, £ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the reasons behind the current growing popularity of the agent-oriented software approach, discussing the specific reasons that it is more powerful and more versatile and examining why such an approach is significantly better for specific network applications, such as community care facilities. The advantages of agent-oriented software (and object-oriented software, of which agent-oriented software is an extension) are compared to the advantages of the previously favored structured approach and the "software crisis" that prompted the changeover from the structured approach to the object-oriented, and then the agent-oriented approaches are also examined.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Databases and the Object-Oriented Approach
Literature Review
Further Considerations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"We all know that we are drowning in information. And we all also know that a good deal of the information that is floating around in the world today is just not all that useful - or at least not that useful for us. Thus we need powerful tools to help us organize and control the available information so that all the information that we need - and only the information that we need - is accessible to us. This is especially true in certain situations such as community care and other social service and healthcare organizations where having access to the right information quickly can be a question of life and death."
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Government, Human Development and Democracy, 2008.
This extensive paper is a research study asking if a democratic systems of governance remain the most ideal form of government to effectively achieve a state's developmental aims.
7,165 words (approx. 28.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the connection between the types or forms of government and their performance in terms of the human development index (HDI), which is a more reliable measurement of development as a referent of its effect and contribution to the human person. The author argues that democratic forms of government are better able to provide for the advancement of human development because they allow for more meaningful public participation. The paper indicates that more than 60% of all dominant-assembly-oriented types (mostly referred to as parliamentary systems of government) and 20% of accountable-executive-oriented (mostly referred to as presidential systems) fall within categories regarded as "high human development" and roughly 24 percent of the former and 57% of the latter countries are within the "medium human development" category.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Related Literature
Structures of Government
Table. Riggs's Classification of Polity's (Political Systems)
Democracy and Development
Human Development
Classification of Forms of Government
Table. Classification of Forms of Government Used in the Paper
Human Development Index and Forms of Government
Table. High Human Development
Table. Medium Human Development
Table. Low Human Development
Distribution of Each Governmental Type across HD Levels
Table. Distribution of Each Type of Governmental Form across HD Levels
Table. HDI by Designated Regions and Clusters
Conclusion: Democracy for Human Development
From the Paper
"There are governments as well, which may have plurality in terms of decision-making but it is dispersed among a few like-minded individuals advancing a common cause and not allowing for existence of competing groups or parties. This characterizes the third type of governmental system which still greatly persists in the present era--the ruling-party oriented type (Type 3). Theocratic governments are sub-classified under this since theocratic governments whether multi-party or not, allow a rather very little room for ideological dissent and since their main goals are to conservatively advance a particular religion and way of life and sometimes at the expense of political rights and civil liberties."
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Community Oriented Policing, 2007.
This paper compares the effectiveness of community-oriented policing to problem-oriented policing.
6,331 words (approx. 25.3 pages), 21 sources, APA, £ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the concept of community policing in light of new outlooks on crime and law enforcement. The paper introduces the role of police in society and considers the debate centering on whether the police should be mainly responsible for only the effects and results of crime or if they should be more involved with the underlying and root causes of crime. Both views are analyzed in detail. The author concludes that research attests to the fact that community-orientated policing is particularly suitable and appropriate to the contemporary climate and to modern transnational crime.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Discussion
Case Studies
Conclusion
Appendix
Figure 1. difference between traditional and community based policing
Figure 2. North Carolina FY 2003 Awards to North Carolina
Questionnaire
Questions Directed at the General Public
Questions Directed at the Police
From the Paper
"Therefore, in conventional terms, the responsibly of the police is to maintain law and order and to protect the innocent against the criminal elements. However, the nature of modern society and the complexity of many forms of criminal behavior have created debate, and changes, with regard to the extent and range of modern policing responsibility. This debate centers on new views of policing responsibility and can be summarized by the following question. Should the police be mainly responsible for only the effects and results of crime or should police be more involved with the underlying and root causes of crime? "
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