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Death, Dying and Nursing Ethics, 2007.
This paper discusses nursing ethics as related to life-threatening illnesses and death.
3,364 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the writer's personal philosophy of care and individual ethics in a case scenario of a patient (referred to as Mr. Smith) with advanced Alzheimer's and dementia. The writer discusses how the family often appeared indifferent and unconcerned with their father's condition especially at his untimely demise, which proved difficult for the nursing staff as they cared profoundly for the patient. The writer explores the specific ethical principles involved, including autonomy, justice, beneficence, and nonmaleficence and links the clinical situation to a specific theory of grief, loss and bereavement. The writer suggests alternative actions which could have led to a more satisfying and ethical outcome in the case of Mr. Smith, his family and the nurses concerned.
Outline:
Introduction
My Philosophy of Care in my Nursing Practice
Autonomy, Justice, Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Related Theory of Grief, Loss, and Bereavement
Suggested Alternative Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ethics in healthcare is fundamental in the day-to-day care provided to patients' particularly in nursing and certainly with end of life issues. Essentially, the code of ethics for registered nurses is a declaration of commitment to those we serve, it is a guideline that sets out behaviors expected of us, and it advocates for quality care and serves as a self-reflection tool (Canadian Nurses Association, 1998). The codes of ethics and the standards of care made available by our governing body ensure that the best nursing practices will be provided to our patients (Aiken, 2005). Part of our nursing practice is to assist in life-threatening situations. Coping with death is challenging for nurses since the ability to cope with one's own grief or beliefs highly depends on the relationship of the healthcare provider to the patient, to their families and to their own experiences with death."
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Geriatric Nursing, 2002.
A discussion of the role of the professional geriatric nurse in a long-term care facility working as a staff development coordinator.
951 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the profession of geriatric nursing and in particular, as a staff development coordinator. It examines how the need for geriatric nurses has increased due to the maturation of the American population as a whole and from the increased awareness of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias which eventually require specialized care, sometimes on a continuous basis, in a long-term care facility. It looks at the necessity for continuing education and how the geriatric nurse is responsible for the functions within the long-term care facility that are most critical to the quality of care delivered to patients.
From the Paper
"Despite the growth, geriatrics does not seem to be a popular specialty among nurses, a fact documented by studies (Milly & Mezey, p. 264; Fagerberg & Ekman, p. 177). Fagerberg and Ekman state that many research studies have found that nursing students are not "wholeheartedly" in favor of working with geriatric care patients although they have both positive and negative attitudes about working with elderly patients (Fagerberg and Ekman, p. 177). Of the 4,336 nurses who graduated from a master's program in all specialties in 1996, only 218 were prepared as geriatric/gerontological nurse practitioners (Milly & Mezey, p. 264). The researchers point out that as the population ages, recruiting quality nurses to care for these patients may become an issue (Fagerberg & Ekman, p. 177). In addition, locating faculty to educate graduating and practicing nurses becomes another challenge."
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Alzheimers, 2002.
An explanation of the disease known as Alzheimers including its cause and how it is treated today.
2,533 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper defines Alzheimer?s as a progressive, degenerative and irreversible brain disease that stifles the normal cognitive and functional abilities of the affected person. The paper studies the disease in a detail by analyzing the symptoms and the etiology along with the diagnostic approaches as well as the currently available treatment methods. In the process, the paper also includes a discussion of some other common forms of dementia and how AD can be differentiated from them.
From the Paper
"The main cause for the disease is the destruction of the brain cells particularly in the cortex region. In the first stage of the disease the region in the cerebral cortex that is associated with memory is affected. Then as the disease progresses other regions in the cerebral cortex also undergo progressive deterioration leading to total impairment of functional and cognitive abilities. Though as in any other form of dementia syndrome memory loss is one of the chief and noticeable problems the effect of the disease extends to much more than memory loss and in most of the cases there is a total crippling of the brain functions thereby affecting the individuals ability to relate and respond appropriately to the outside world."
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Alzheimers: A Helpful Hand for a Forgetful Mind, 2008.
An understanding of Alzheimer's disease and its legal effects.
6,353 words (approx. 25.4 pages), 58 sources, MLA, £ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by looking at Alzheimer's disease, its epidemiology, and the symptoms that are associated with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's. The next important factor discussed is how Alzheimer's disease affects the mental capacity of the patient. Part of this factor of diminished capacity is the need for an assessment of mental capacity and subsequently, an appointment of a guardian or power of attorney. Diminished capacity can also lead to issues in creating wills, entering into a marriage, entering into contracts, crime conviction, and civil liability. Finally, this paper incorporates different court cases that illustrate the necessity of retaining counsel when a physician diagnoses a family member with Alzheimer's disease.
Outline
Table of Contents
Introduction
Alzheimer's Disease
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Treatment
Effects On Patient's Legal Capacity
Executing a Will
Entering into Marriage
Entering into a Contract
Criminal Responsibility
Civil Responsibility
Legal Implications Thereof
Assessment
Guardianship
Powers of Attorney
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"In addition to clinical diagnosis, there may be laboratory tests conducted on the patient, such as brain imaging and blood tests. Brain imaging can help in the evaluation of people with cognitive disorders because it helps to see the focal or generalized pathological changes that can cause this disorder. Health care workers can conduct CT scans to show the focal and general neuropathical changes in the patient's brain including hemorrhage, infarction, tumor, and abscess. According to Gilman, "PET studies of cerebral metabolism with flurodeoxyglucose have revealed hypometabolism in a characteristic distribution in Alzheimer's disease, with involvement predominantly in the posterior temporoparietal regions." Finally, a physician can conduct blood and urine tests to determine if there are other causes of the dementia. Usually these causes can be can be corrected and help rule out a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Remember, while the symptoms of dementia can bring about a diagnosis of Alzheimer's, dementia can also be caused by things such as thyroid problems, the human immunodeficiency virus, and syphilis. Laboratory tests help pinpoint the cause of the cognitive problems and can lead to a more sound diagnosis. "
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Sad and Serious: Alzheimers, 2002.
This paper is an in-depth look at the fourth leading cause of death in adults: Alzheimer's Disease.
5,570 words (approx. 22.3 pages), 29 sources, MLA, £ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper examines all aspects of Alzheimer's Disease. The author covers such issues as diagnosis of the disease, causation, groups affected by Alzheimer's, and an assessment of available treatments. The paper also explores the importance of caregivers for those suffering from the disease, and how Alzheimer's figures into current events.
From the Paper
"There are various correct definitions of Alzheimer's disease. The following is an accepted definition for Alzheimer's disease found in the fourth edition of the American Heritage Dictionary of the American Language. A disease marked by the loss of cognitive ability, generally over a period of ten to fifteen years, and associated with the development of abnormal tissues and protein deposits in the cerebral cortex. Alzheimer's disease is more than just a matter of aging. Real Alzheimer's is not just an occasional lapse that leads to embarrassment; it is a gradually worsening impairment of memory that ends in the total inability to function. It is a disease of any age."
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Alzheimers Disease, 2005.
A report looking at the client population of those who have Alzheimer's disease.
1,527 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This report identifies and recognizes the population of individuals dealing with the condition of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The paper describes the impact that a diagnosis of AD can have on the person diagnosed and the caretakers of that person, the type of support and service people with AD and their families receive and the inadequacies of that service and what can be done to improve the service and support.
From the Paper
"Alzheimer's Disease not only affects millions of individuals in America, but it is also one of the leading causes of death in the old population. And providing long-term care for Alzheimer's can be problematic in terms of both personal and economic cost, as the disease does not show improvement as it progresses and is even not covered by many supplemental insurance plans because it is cost-prohibitive. Medicare and other insurance options must be tailored to treat Alzheimer's with attention not just to the older client population who are suffering from the disease, but to support staff and family member who must also cope with it. A holistic pattern should be expanded in this respect to give care to the client population suffering from Alzheimer's as well as their spouses, who may be emotionally and mentally effected, family, who may be daunted by the prohibitive nature of the disease, and healthcare professionals, who may see the disease as unbeatable and respond inappropriately in the level of care being given to the client themselves."
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Nursing Alzheimers, 2005.
A review of research into the quality of care for Alzheimer's patients and their families.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 0 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper is a thorough evaluation of a qualitative research endeavor with respect to quality of care for the Alzheimer's patient and family. Particular attention was given to design and substantive aspects of qualitative research methods when reporting data. Recommendations were made with respect to how to improve the study along with presenting the limitations and errors the authors made.
From the Paper
"Fairly commenting on an investigator's research endeavor is a task that must be taken seriously. Although it is quite easy to have an opinion of another's research, it is something quite different to be able to evaluate the research activity in terms of topic specificity and soundness, intent or purpose, data analysis, and informational importance. When embarking upon a critical analysis of another's work the reviewer must, at all times, adhere to the basic principle of prudent evaluation; namely, evaluating the structure of the research upon which scientific conclusion are drawn."
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Caring for Alzheimer's Patients, 2003.
An evaluation of the Calista Roy nursing model for caring for patients with Alzheimers.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper paper applies the Calista Roy nursing practice model to the care of elderly Alzheimer's patients. The paper begins by discussing the five major concepts of nursing, according to the model. Next the paper evaluates the impact of both internal and external environments on patient care. Finally, the paper discusses how the burden of care for Alzheimer's patients most often falls on family members and asks whether the Calista Roy model might alleviate this burden.
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Alzheimer?s Disease and Primary Visitors, 2005.
An analysis of verbal and nonverbal behaviors between nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease and their primary visitors.
4,586 words (approx. 18.3 pages), 59 sources, APA, £ 82.95
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Abstract
This research study attempts to examine the interactions between nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease and their primary visitors who participated in a Family Visit Education Program. All of the visitors in the study were family members of nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease and were participants in the Family Visit Education Program funded by the New York State Department of Health. The primary goal of the Family Visit Education Program (FVEP) is to improve the pattern of interactions during visits between family members and nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease and thus to reduce problem behaviors within the residents. This study explores the family members' implementation of the training program components by reviewing videotapes made during the FVEP and by observing and classifying the behaviors of the residents' during the videotaped visits.
Introduction
Background
Research Goals
Significance
Literature Review
From the Paper
"The subjects in this current study were participants in the Family Visit Education Program (FVEP) developed by Toseland and McCallion (1995) of the Institute of Gerontology in Albany, New York. The FVEP research grant received funding from the New York State Department of Health. The participants in this study were nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease, who lived in five nursing homes in the greater Albany, New York, area, and their relatives who visited them frequently. The FVEP visitor training protocol included education about the various stages of Alzheimer's disease, its associated verbal and nonverbal behaviors, new communication methods, and suggested activities to participate in with the residents. Some of the visits between the trained FVEP visitors and the residents were videotaped and these videotapes are the data source for the current study."
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Alzheimer's Disease, 2005.
A review of the role of the nurse in caring for a patient suffering from Alzheimer's disease.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literature review of an article on advanced practice nursing in the care and management of Alzheimer's disease. It cites statistics and focused briefly on the pathology of the disorder, diagnostics and is primarily interested in the needs based management of the patient, caregivers and family members, with the author stressing quality of daily life.
From the Paper
"With the gradual lengthening of the human lifespan, geriatric medicine is faced with new problems: Alzheimer's disease, loneliness and depression, elder abuse and failing senses. For the registered nurse, the problems are compounded as the role of the nurse is to provide care and comfort. Alzheimer's disease presents a difficult set of complex issues which make it difficult for the RN in practice. Traditionally the Advanced Practice RN was there to help educate the family, and bring some comfort to the patient, comfort on an ever changing concept to the patient of what that comfort entails. This paper presents a literature review on management techniques that are patient oriented and seen from a "needs that are unmet" basis of disruption. Following the review, a patient assessment is presented."
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Alzheimer's Disease, 2007.
An examination of the causes and treatment options for Alzheimer's disease.
2,390 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an intensive exploration of Alzheimer's disease. The writer approaches it from the field of psychology and discusses the signs, symptoms, causes, risks, medications and treatment for the disease from a psychological perspective. The paper examines how Alzheimer's disease is being addressed and discusses the signs and symptoms that can indicate its onset. The paper analyzes the mental health issues that come with a diagnosis of the disease and treatments that dovetail with the current drugs being used. The paper concludes that, while Alzheimer's disease is still significantly stressful, there are great strides being made to combat its progression and effects.
Outline:
Introduction
What Is Alzheimer's?
History Of Alzheimer's Disease
History Of Alzheimer's Disease
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
" Mood stabilizers have been found to be useful. Some of the drugs used to treat disease include "tacrine (Cognex), donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), or galantamine (Razadyne, previously known as Reminyl) may help prevent some symptoms from becoming worse for a limited time. Another drug, memantine (Namenda), has been approved to treat moderate to severe AD, although it also is limited in its effects. Also, some medicines may help control behavioral symptoms of AD such as sleeplessness, agitation, wandering, anxiety, and depression. Treating these symptoms often makes patients more comfortable and makes their care easier for caregivers(Alzheimer's Disease Fact Sheet
http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/adfact.htm).""
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Alzheimer's and Antioxidants, 2008.
This paper evaluates whether vitamins E and C can slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
1,217 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper describes Alzheimer's disease and the function of vitamins E and C as antioxidants. The paper reveals that clinical studies on the effect of vitamin C and vitamin E on cognitive decline give inconclusive and contradictory results. The paper therefore concludes that primary care practitioners should be cautious in recommending supplementation of vitamin E and vitamin C to patients with Alzheimer's. The paper suggests instead that patients should be encouraged to shift to a healthy, natural diet of fruit and vegetables.
Outline:
Objective
Alzheimer's Disease
Antioxidants
Review of Literature
Applications in Nursing
From the Paper
"Mental capabilities gradually decline with increasing age. However, there are certain cases where the decline proceeds very rapidly. This abnormally rapid decline is not part of aging and gives rise to a group of disorders are called dementia. A severe form of dementia characterized by a gradual destruction of certain parts of the brain resulting in a progressively rapid decline in brain functions is the Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's affects certain parts of the brain that is involved in carrying out daily activities. In the process, a person with Alzheimer's loses a large part of his or her memory as well as the ability to reason, make judgments, learn, and communicate."
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Alzheimer?s Disease, 2005.
Examines Alzheimer's disease as a major medical problem for the new millennium.
3,215 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
As more and more people live longer, many suffer from senility and Alzheimer's disease. This paper discusses the stages of the disease and how medical science has advanced in its ability to diagnose Alzheimer's.
The paper also examines the future for this disease.
Introduction
The Definition of Alzheimer's Disease
The Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease
Stages of Alzheimer's Disease
Advances in Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease
Predicting Alzheimer's Disease
Outlook for the Future
Footnotes
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Other researchers are focusing on the 'oxidative stress' and 'programmed cell death' parts of the puzzle. It is becoming clear that oxidative stress occurs in AD, but it is not yet clear whether oxidation actually causes the neuro-degeneration, or is simply another side effect of AD. Some scientists believe that oxidative stress is a relatively early event in the disease process. They argue that the aging brain is less able to defend itself against oxidative stress, and that this helps to explain why AD is a disease that primarily strikes older people. Researchers are working now to understand whether beta-amyloid initiates the oxidative damage in AD. Vitamin E and some of the other drugs that show promise against AD may have anti-oxidant properties."
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?Iris? and Alzheimer's, 2002.
An examination of the portrayal of Alzheimer's Disease in the movie, "Iris".
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper is discusses the film, "Iris," directed by Richard Eyre. The film is based on the life of British writer Iris Murdoch, who descended into Alzheimer's disease and finally died of the disease in 1999. In particular, it summarizes the material in the film and evaluates the accuracy of the observations based on research. It shows how Alzheimer's Disease is more than simply forgetting where you put your car keys, as the film vividly portrays, and how although it is not always easy to watch, it is a startling portrayal of the progression of Alzheimer's, so much so that many Alzheimer's groups embraced the film, hoping it would enlighten viewers to the real world of the Alzheimer patient.
From the Paper
"As the film progresses, Iris has more and more memory "blips," which illustrate the continuing degradation of her mind, and the stunning progression of the disease. She repeats herself at a lecture. Her mind goes blank during a television interview. As the disease progresses, the incidents get worse, just as they do in real life. She falls out of a moving car. In the doctor's office, she cannot remember who the Prime Minister is. It's amusing when she says "It doesn' t matter. Someone will know," ("Iris"), but its also tragic to see this "beautiful mind" so ravaged by this disease. Experts who have studied the disease talk about how the disease limits your world."
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