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Nuclear Superpowers, 2001.
This paper looks at the world's leading nuclear superpowers.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 81.95
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Abstract
The writer asks the question whether a country can remain superpower if it does not have nuclear weapons. A few countries are analyzed such as United States, Soviet Union, Japan and Korea. It also looks at the move for nuclear proliferation and examines this trend.
Table of Contents:
I. Question and Thesis
II. The Move to Multipolar Notions of Power in the World?
III. The Specific Example of the Soviet Union: Military Strength, Economic Failure
IV. Japan: A Small Land still Rising?
V. Nuclear Proliferation
VI. The Middle East, The Common Market;Uncertain Kinds of Economic Strength, Millennial Ways of Becoming a World Power.
V. Conclusion
From the Paper
"The cost of developing a nuclear capability, the political costs associated with their use, and the difficulty of hiding their development make them less likely to emerge as a primary method of state policy, says the U.S. Commission of National Security for the 21st Century. Thus we are assured we have less to fear than we ever had from a nation using a nuclear threat as a deterrent. (51) As any good student of rational-actor theory knows, the fear and threat of actual nuclear war is so great, it would be ridiculous, not to say M.A.D. for any nation to embark upon mutual destruction with another nation, should that other nation have nuclear weapons.
"This attitude discounts the increasing concern over the proliferation of nuclear weapons among nations in a world not dominated on every level by two major nuclear powers. It also does not take into consideration the possibilities of actors with vastly different interests than nations, such as terrorist groups, gaining access to such weapons. And from a less vital point of view security-wise, but of equal theoretical interest is the notion of how nuclear weapons function as bargaining chips in negotiation, regardless of their likely use as weapons, and as symbolic examples of state power."
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Superpowers in Post-9/11 Economics, 2005.
This paper examines the developing superpowers of China and America in the wake of Post-9/11 economic developments.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, £ 73.95
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Abstract
This macroeconomic study focuses on the United States and China as the dominant superpowers that have arisen since the attacks of 9/11. In this paper, the writer shows that growing dysfunction between the United States and France is based upon economic and militaristic issues and in a secondary manner on politics. The writer discusses that in China a concept of hegemony is being created through a domination of South Korea and other Asian nations that serve the greater economic power of this country.
From the Paper
"The effects of trade relations in China and America have increased after the subjugation of Saddam Hussein's regime in the now conquered Iraq. Iraq is discussed in being one of the major defeated countries the United States has dominated, as a result of the attacks of 9/11 and current foreign policy. By acknowledging the dominance of the American military forces, the natural resources of Iraq have now become part of the international economic power that America now wields across the Middle East and Europe. By dominating oil in this region, America has become a sole world power with China as its only peer."
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English and Spanish Superpowers, 2002.
A look at the history of English and Spanish colonization policies.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
Why did England and Spain come out as the colonial superpowers - as opposed to other colonizing nations in their era? This paper argues that the predominant historical evidence suggests that the reason for this dominance was twofold - Spanish and the English dominated the seas and the land, militarily, in the way that other European nations such as the French did not; and British and Spanish nations were both more unified.
From the Paper
"Ultimately, their stronger unified cultural need to establish their dominance in another land is the most important reasons for the foothold established by the English and the Spanish in the New World. It is true that a plethora of different races, ethnic groups, nationalities, and cultures arrived on the North American soil prior to 1776, the year that America began its process of embarking upon its independence, of officially becoming the independent country of United States of America. This begs the question of why did the Spanish (and Spanish Americans) and later primarily the English (and English Americans) become the dominant ethnic groups in the New World, and not the other nations that established settlements, for instance, perchance, the Dutch?"
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Nuclear Families, 2002.
A comparison of nuclear families vs. non-nuclear families in society.
2,343 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed comparison of nuclear, traditional families with non-traditional families. The writer explores the differences and similarities between each type of family. Using a literature review and an analysis process, the writer details for the reader the things that set each type of family apart from the other.
From the Paper
"It used to be the majority of families had a mother, a father and several children. If a child in a classroom came from a single parent household it was the exception and not the norm. Over the past few decades there has been a shift and there have been more single parent households created than ever before. Today there is an almost equal mix in the nation of single parent homes and two parent homes. ?The past 20 years has seen a dramatic rise in the percentage of single-parent households in the United States. In 1970, single parents represented 12.9 percent of all families with minor children present. By 1988, the percentage of single-parent households had increased to 27.3 percent, with the vast majority being single mothers (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1989).
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American Relationship To Nuclear Power, 1988.
Analyzes how the Americans' relationship with nuclear power & nuclear energy evolved from the end of World War Two through the end of the Cold War.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, £ 27.95
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From the Paper
"Mary W. Shelley's classic novel Frankenstein is a cautionary tale about the excesses of science in which a being is created and then turns on his creator. In the 1950s and into the 1960s, America passed through what might be called a Frankenstein-moment as nuclear power burst on the scene first as a wonder that had been harnessed by American scientists in time to end World War II and to make America a leading world power and then was perceived more and more as a threat because our enemies also had this awesome power. Americans quickly learned about the dangers posed by nuclear energy, dangers in the form not only of unimaginable destructive power but of radiation sickness and death. Science had been the promise of the future, producing marvels and improving the economy for over a century, but now science was suspect because the future it had promised was threatened by one of it (...)"
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Comprehensive Test Ban Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, 1996.
History & 1995 permanent international ratification, negotiations, nuclear & non-nuclear states, principles & provisions, review conferences, U.S. public opinion, unresolved problems.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 14 sources, £ 93.95
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From the Paper
"The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was made permanent in May, 25 years after it entered into force and nearly 50 years after the United States wrought devastation on Hiroshima. The four-week NPT Review and Extension Conference, held in New York April 17 to May 12, was the largest arms control conference ever held, with 175 of the treaty's 178 parties participating ("How to," 1995, p. 28). No state got all it wanted, although the weapon states had more reason to be satisfied than the non-weapon states.
The United States, Russia, Britain, and France wanted the treaty extended indefinitely and unconditionally. Only the first part of their..."
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Nuclear Proliferation, 2008.
A discussion of the pros and cons of nuclear proliferation in modern society, focusing on the argument against nuclear proliferation.
1,782 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of nuclear proliferation in modern society. It describes the historical purpose of nuclear proliferation and the positive uses of nuclear proliferation. The paper then looks at both sides of the argument of whether to continue with nuclear proliferation or not. It discusses the benefits and the associated problems with nuclear proliferation and argues against nuclear proliferation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Body
Counter Argument
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In conclusion it is clear that nuclear proliferation will remain one of the most significant issues of the modern world, as many nations North Korea, India, Iran and some unknown organizations through secretive or diplomatic means wish to continue in their bid to gain such weapons and there is really not that much that can be done to stop it, especially idealistically and despite the social and physical cost. Additionally, though nuclear proliferation serves a purpose in history, as a deterrent it is very difficult to say this is still the case as most are aware that responsible nations are even less likely to use such weapons today than they ever have been. Lastly, the utilization of nuclear technology for peaceful means, as the energy crisis grows in the world will further complicate the reality, despite the destructive capacity, even of these technologies. Peaceful use of nuclear technology can also seriously impede the ability of regulatory commissions and review boards to investigate, as nations have been deceptive in the past with regard to development."
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Russian Nuclear Weapons: The Threat Remains, 1999.
This paper details the ?disturbing truth about the safety of Russian nuclear weapons and the risk of an accidental nuclear war.
2,683 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 16 sources, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper details the four threats of nuclear annihilation that the Russian nuclear program has created: accidental launch due to a malfunction, failure of the Russian early warning system, a launch of a nuclear weapon because of a rogue commander, the detonating of a stolen nuclear warhead that has been smuggled out of Russia, and the detonation of a nuclear weapon that was built with Russian fissile material. The paper also describes the meager steps that Russia and the United States have taken to prevent a nuclear catastrophe. Most importantly the paper stresses that public awareness of this critical situation is imperative to prevention of such a disaster.
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Nuclear Energy, 2005.
This paper discusses that the risks of nuclear energy and its uses can be complicated and frightening; however, there are clear benefits as well.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the explosion of Chernobyl nuclear reactor in the Ukraine in 1986, has left a legacy that the risks of the using of nuclear power are so negative and so intense that it is often overlooked as the powerful tool. The author points out that the public concern about the use of nuclear power is that an uncontrolled accidental nuclear chain reaction can create so much heat that it resembles some of the most destructive bombs ever made. The paper relates that, although nuclear weapons are certainly the most commonly perceived use of nuclear power, nuclear science also is used to power nuclear vessels and for medical uses such as tumor treatment and tracer techniques.
From the Paper
"Of course, there are other medical uses. The benefits must be weighed in relation to the risks when deciding whether to use these medical tools. Although these benefits are clear to some, the effects of nuclear power and their resulting health hazards cause confusion for others. For example, radioactive waste is extremely toxic and is so poisonous that it can affect people 1,000 years into the future. It can damage the kidneys or lungs, and children are especially vulnerable because their cells divide rapidly as they grow. In pregnant women, it can cross the placenta into the bloodstream of the fetus. In plants and animals, the effects can be passed through the food chain. Humans take in these radioactive materials chiefly from drinking water and from plant and animal foods, including milk. Many fallout isotopes that reach the sea and inland waterways eventually end up in concentrated form in the bodies of waterborne animals and plants, becoming a source of concern when they are part of the human food chain."
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Sociology of the Nuclear Family and Societal Stratification, 2000.
The nuclear family is defined, its decline is discussed, and social stratification is also examined.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper defines the nuclear family and discusses its role within society. The author also discusses how the breakdown of the nuclear family is blamed for social dysfunction. The stability and structure of society is examined in the light of the declining prevalence of the nuclear family.
From the paper:
"The nuclear family consisting of two adults, 1 male, 1 female, and children is the most common form of family in Australia according to 1996 census figures published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Talcott Parson?s cited in Jureidini & Poole, recognizes the nuclear family as the ?normal? family structure. While statistics show the nuclear family still being the most common family form in Australia they also show a decline in it?s predominance of approximately 10% over the last 20 years. It is for this reason that the functions and benefits of the nuclear family must be recognized before dysfunction alters the stability and structure of society."
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Nuclear Energy, 2002.
An indepth overview of nuclear energy and its uses.
4,609 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper examines one of the most promising energy resources being currently explored, nuclear energy. It shows that the idea of using nuclear energy is being used to scare mankind, because at the time the only connection one had with nuclear energy was nuclear weapons. In recent years however, there have been efforts to explore the use of nuclear energy for the purpose of sustaining life. While there are questions about its safety and use, it is quickly becoming evident that nuclear energy is going to be the wave of the future. This paper takes the reader on an exploratory journey of the issues surrounding nuclear energy and the positive as well as negative aspects of the topic.
From the Paper
"The first alert came by way of Three Mile Island, in Pennsylvania (Siegel, 1991). The threat of a melt down that occurred there caused a nationwide panic and a first time anger at the fact that law makers had allowed nuclear energy to be used(Siegel, 1991). Just as those concerns finally were laid to rest the incident at Chernobyl occurred. If Three Mile Island was the cake, the accident at Chernobyl was the frosting and after it killed dozens of people, destroyed countless miles of land for the next few centuries and exposed millions to fallout symptoms for the next several generations America firmly put its foot down and began to demand the slow and stopping of all nuclear power activity in the states."
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Nuclear Proliferation, 2006.
A critical statistical analysis of the relationship between the production of nuclear energy and the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
2,888 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper employs a critical review of the body of literature, original research synthesis to determine if indeed a causal relationship can be found between the production of nuclear energy and the proliferation of nuclear weapons. An exhaustive statistical regression analysis illustrates that the relationship between the aforementioned variables is not significant and thus, that the hypothesis of correlation and causation cannot be confirmed. However, the paper goes on to provide evidence to suggest correlation between the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other factors such as global military tensions and certain categories of world events. The paper includes graphs and tables.
Paper Outline:
Literature Review
Proposal
Data Sources
Data Analysis
Results and Interpretation
Discussion
Conclusion
Reference List
From the Paper
"The body of literature is generally in concessus with regard to the link between the production of nuclear energy and the proliferation of nuclear weapons. There is, however, disagreement over the method by which nuclear weapons and materials are spread. Some argue that terrorist organisations and rogue states are able to acquire enriched uranium from nuclear waste deposits. Others claim that these parties are more likely to invest in nuclear energy technology as a means of acquiring nuclear weapons while other still claim that the link between these two factors in negligible or non existent. "
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Nuclear Energy, 2002.
A discussion of the uses of nuclear energy.
1,174 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how ever since an Italian physicist, Enrico Fermi succeeded in producing the first nuclear chain reaction at the University of Chicago in December of 1942 the usefulness and the drawbacks of nuclear energy have been debated all over the world. It focuses on the benefits of nuclear energy and discusses why we should indeed use it. It also examines the concerns regarding the use of nuclear power and describe ways of overcoming them.
Outline
Types of Nuclear Reactions
Energy Release in Nuclear Reactions
Public Concerns about Nuclear Energy
Benefits of Nuclear Energy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As noted earlier, most nuclear power plants are based on the ?fission? process. During various stages of the ?fission? nuclear cycle there is a high level of radioactivity present. Nuclear weapons can also be made from the nuclear fuels uranium-235 and plutonium-239. These two facts have prompted a public outcry against the use of nuclear energy, even for peaceful purposes. An accident at the Chernobyl (located in the then USSR) power plant in 1986 and a 1979 incident at Three Mile Island nuclear power plant (near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania) further reinforced these concerns. As a result, the use of nuclear energy has declined in the US and most of the world during the last several years. In my opinion these concerns about the peaceful uses of nuclear energy are overblown and nuclear energy deserves a second look as a solution for the ever-increasing energy needs of the world."
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India and Nuclear Energy, 2006.
This paper discuses extensively the global use of nuclear energy, especially in India.
6,995 words (approx. 28.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, over the last fifty years, the most significant shift in India's energy consumption was the replacement of non-commercial energy with commercial energy, generated frequently
from oil, which is being compromised by the ever-increasing cost of oil. The author points out that India's nuclear power program is poised to take off rapidly because of the accelerated rate of growth of India's economy and its ever increasing need for reasonable priced energy. The paper relates that the Indo-U.S. agreement on the Nuclear energy is largely a result of President Bush's strong commitment to reducing dependence on fossil fuels, to cutting back emissions of greenhouse gases and to cutting radioactive nuclear wastes, which marks the beginning of a new era of geo-politics to rebuild a balance of power in Asia vis-a-vis China and Pakistan. Many charts and tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Current Global Nuclear Energy Scenario
Nuclear Energy in India and Its Economics
The Economics of Nuclear Power in India
Indo-U.S .Nuke Deal: Opportunities and Challenges
Implication at Home
The Impact on Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy
Regional Issues
Impact on the Middle East and Israel
Impact on Brazil, Libya, Argentina, Ukraine and South Africa
China
Proliferation Crisis in North Korea
Pakistan
Perceptions of India about Non-Proliferation
Issue of Separation of Civilian and Nuclear Facilities
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"India, however, breached the international taboo on "going nuclear" in 1998, by testing a series of nuclear explosive devices on May11 and 13 and officially declaring itself a new "nuclear weapons power". These events triggered Pakistan's nuclear explosive testing response two weeks later. Thus, suddenly emerged two self-declared, non-NPT nuclear weapons states radically changing the efficacy of the nuclear non-proliferation regime. This was followed by economic sanctions on both the countries. The problems in the US-India relationship arose from the 1994 Glenn Amendment to the US Arms Export Control Act. The Glenn Amendment requires that the US respond to the Indian nuclear tests with seven steps that are almost automatic in their application to India and Pakistan."
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