| Papers [1-14] of 23 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "NICOTINE": |
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Nicotine, 2006.
An analysis of the effects of nicotine on the body's systems.
1,318 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how nicotine is a complex drug which can cause many positive effects in the body, such as reducing anxiety and depression and increasing cognition. It also has promising medical uses, such as preventing Alzheimer's disease. It also looks at how nicotine is considered a poison and how it causes high blood pressure, respiratory distress, gastrointestinal distress, and can even cause death by overdose. Furthermore, nicotine is an addictive drug with and its effects on some systems vary from person to person. While withdrawal from nicotine is difficult, the negative effects of nicotine use indicate that it should not be used recreationally.
Outline
Introduction
Nicotine Addiction
Positive Effects of Nicotine
Negative Effects of Nicotine
Nicotine's Effects by System
Withdrawal
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While nicotine has a bad reputation, like almost anything else, nicotine is not all bad. There are some promising medical uses for nicotine. For example, nicotine has analgesic properties, which means that it can deliver the absence of pain while retaining the sense of touch. In addition, nicotine is an anti-psychotic drug. In fact, "the correlation between a diagnosis of untreated psychosis and smoking is very high--it appears that somehow the psychotic person 'knows' to self-medicate." In fact, nicotine works on the nervous system in a variety of ways: it lowers anxiety levels, enhances cognition, and causes cerebrovasodilation. Nicotine may also have some neuroprotective properties; "a history smoking seems to be protective against some of the neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease." "
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Nicotine: Learning and Memory, 2002.
An examination of the psychological and physiologial effects of nicotine on learning and memory.
2,071 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the extensive research which has been completed on the physiological effects of nicotine - the addictive substance found in cigarettes - on the human body. The paper discusses the findings of this research which shows that nicotine, although addictive, may have some properties that could be considered beneficial in regards to learning and memory, particularly some tasks involving the consumption of nicotine before the completion of a specific memory/learning task.
Subtitles:
Nicotine Metabolites and the Neuropharmacological Effects of Nicotine
Is Nicotine Beneficial in Cognitive Functions?
Nicotine Interactions: Possible Improvement of Working Memory in Rats Environmental Influence, Nicotine, and Short-Term Memory
From the Paper
"The study by Crooks and Dwoskin (1997) say that many people that smoke cigarettes because of the immediate stimulation on the CNS that elevates mood and arousal. Smoking cigarettes causes the tobacco to release nicotine metabolites, which are probably responsible for the main effects on the CNS. Nicotine metabolites are thought to effect dopaminergic neurotransmission, and thus creating pleasurable feelings and an increased state of arousal. Different subtypes of nicotine metabolites could be present in different types of tabacco, therefore yielding many different feelings and reactions by the CNS. The reaction by the CNS is thought to be caused primarily by the nicotine metabolites, and not the nicotine itself. (Crooks & Dwoskin, 1997)."
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Nicotine, 2002.
A study of the harmful effects of nicotine.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 12 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and presents the harmful effects associated with nicotine and reflects on how they harm the body in the long run.
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The Effects of Drugs, 2005.
This paper summarizes and reviews two research articles about the effects of drug: The effects of nicotine on immunity and the behavioral effects of alcohol and cannabis.
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the first article, which discusses the effects of nicotine on immunity, states that, despite the many negative effects, nicotine has some benefits such as increasing short-term attention, cognition and memory, suppressing inflammation in colic ulcers and reducing involuntary tics in Tourettes's syndrome. The author points out that the article suggests that the ongoing investigation into the effect of nicotine on immune response is important in guiding the medical community to use nicotine for treatment of tobacco dependence or specific neurological diseases while minimizing its harmful effects. The paper reports that the second article, which attempts to compare and analyze the hazard functions for alcohol and cannabis effects by summarizing the results from the studies available, in order to determine equipotency of the two drugs for a variety of variables.
Table of Contents
Article 1: Effects of Nicotine on Immunity
Summary
Response
Article 2: Behavioral Effects of Alcohol and Cannabis
Summary
Response
From the Paper
"It affects the immune system since the type of receptors on which nicotine acts are present on immune cells as well. Experiments show that nicotine acts on specific immune cells but no link has so far been established between the long-term effects of nicotine on immune response. Nicotine also has a role in promoting cardio-vascular disease. It is known to constrict blood vessels resulting in increased blood pressure. Its stimulation of certain hormones such as norepinephrine from the adrenal glands could lead to thrombosis (blood clots) and hardening of arteries. It is also known to cause increase in circulating fatty acids, total cholesterol and triglycerides-al of which contribute to heart disease. Interference of nicotine with the immune system further aggravates the chances of cardio-vascular disease."
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Psychoactive Drugs and American Law, 2006.
An analysis of four psychoactive drugs and drug families that are commonly used and abused in America: nicotine, marijuana, anabolic steroids and alcohol.
1,399 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the American legislation that "controls" certain substances. The paper examines smoking laws and tobacco usage to determine the American use / abuse of nicotine. It also contrasts that with the greater illegality of marijuana, and compares that to sports drugs such as anabolic steroids. Finally, the paper reviews the history of alcohol legislation and abuse. In conclusion, the writer feels that nicotine and alcohol should be treated more as health hazards, in line with the legislative treatment accorded marijuana and metabolic steroids. Table of Contents: Legislation Affecting Drugs in the United States; Nicotine; Marijuana; Anabolic Steroids; Liquor; Bibliography
From the Paper
"Scheduling occurs according to certain criteria that are applied to drugs according to their medicinal value, harmfulness, and potential abuse or addiction to the drug. There are five schedules, of which Schedule I is assigned to the most dangerous drugs with the least medicinal value, with Schedule II-V being applied to drugs with decreasing danger and increasing medicinal value. Schedule V would then include the least dangerous of the drugs."
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Cigarette Addiction, 2002.
A paper which argues that cigarette addiction is not only due to the chemical nicotine in the products.
658 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that cigarettes are perhaps the most dangerous and addictive legal stimulant available on the market today. Experts say that smoking cigarettes becomes addictive because of the carefully manipulated levels of the chemical nicotine that tobacco companies put into their products. The paper argues, however, that cigarettes are addictive for more than this one reason. It explains that people become physically hooked on cigarettes because of nicotine, but then become psychologically addicted due to pure habit, the actions associated with smoking, and social reasons.
From the Paper
"The actions related with smoking a cigarette also play a part in addiction. First, there is the initial ?packing? of the cigarettes when a new pack is bought. One must hit the pack several times on their hand to get the tobacco as ?packed? as possible and get a stronger hit of nicotine. After that, some people turn one cigarette upside down and smoke that one last for good luck. Next there is lighting up, which causes great excitement because the smoker knows they will be getting their five minute fix. Next is the burning sensation that smokers feel in their throat. Though, it may hurt a bit it is also pleasurable because it goes along with the whole cigarette experience."
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Teenage Smoking, 2002.
Discusses the health risks of smoking and nicotine addiction.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 21 sources, £ 32.95
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Abstract
Discusses the health risks of smoking and nicotine addiction. Oklahoma as the most high-risk state. Health, human and financial costs documented by various studies. Problem of aggressive tobacco company marketing. Proposes an incentive-based learning and internalization program to reach vulnerable high schools students in one Oklahoma City country.
From the Paper
"Statement of the Problem
Beckham County, Okla., faces a significant health risk from the phenomenon of teenage smoking. The most recent data available show that Oklahoma is among the most at-risk states in the country for smoking, with 46% of Oklahoma's high school students identified as smokers in 1999, compared to 36% nationally (21% in Florida) (OSBH, 2001). Some 25.2% of Oklahoma adults smoke, compared to 22% nationally.
Smoking and other uses of nicotine have been positively associated with cardiovascular disease, heart attacks, emphysema, premature births and low birthweight, and bladder, throat, and lung cancer, among other serious health problems. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to nicotine addiction. Oklahoma's State Department of Health reports that more than ..."
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Banning Smoking, 2002.
Presents the case for banning nicotine from public usage altogether.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss how smoking has bad detrimental effects on human beings and why it should be eradicated from public use. By exploring the way that it damages an individua's health we can see how it can also damage the health of others who are forced to breath in second hand smoke.
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Cigarettes & Politics, 1996.
Analysis of the political debate concerning cigarette advertising & the FDA efforts to regulate nicotine as a drug. Includes an annotated bibliography.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, £ 38.95
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From the Paper
"Cigarette smoking has been marginalized in American society for some time. The process began with the Surgeon General's Report in the 1960s, followed by laws removing cigarette commercials from television. The program continues to this day with further efforts to eliminate smoking from restaurants, the workplace, and other public sites, and to prevent young people from taking up smoking in the first place. One of the most recent efforts has been an Executive Order signed by President Clinton to limit tobacco advertising in any form aimed at teens and to set other limits on the industry. This proposal has been published by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which is soliciting public comments before the order is implemented and before Congress takes up legislation either implementing this
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Dangers of Smoking, 1992.
A look at nicotine dependence, statistics, cancer, anti-smoking efforts and legislation and secondary smoke.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, £ 43.95
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From the Paper
"Since at least 1964 the public has known that cigarette smoking posed a health threat. Over the last three decades the body of research and evidence has become stronger and stronger with the results being new laws, regulations, and changes in public attitudes regarding smoking. However, this has not stopped the advertising and promotion of the product to the young and impressionable as well as to the growing markets overseas. The purpose of this paper will be to research and assess the consequences of smoking from both a biological and environmental standpoint and apply these consequences to the average smoker who lights up indoors with little or no fresh air or circulation.
Millions of adults and nearly one-forth of all teenagers over the age of sixteen are dependent upon nicotine, an addictive component found in tobacco (Avraham, 1990, p. 23). The majority..."
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Tobacco: Tax It!!, 2008.
This paper traces the history of tobacco, known early to be the cause of cancerous deaths, and argues that tobacco taxes should be greatly increased.
2,435 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, as early as the 1800s, scientist began to recognize that nicotine was so poisonous that it could be used as an insecticide and that pure nicotine could kill humans. The author focuses on the dangers of secondhand smoke because she is appalled that, in the 21st century, there is still disbelief about its danger. The paper stresses that the taxes and laws that have come to fruition over the past 20 years are from nonsmokers speaking out. The author feels that, if the majority of smokers feel they have a right to be intolerant of nonsmokers who wish to live a healthier life, then they should have to pay for the privilege of smoking. The paper concludes that smoking, if not banded, should be taxed so high that it is unaffordable.
Table of Contents:
History and Health Issues of Tobacco in America
Tobacco Will Kill You
Where Do We Go from Here?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1492, Christopher Columbus was offered dried tobacco by the American Indians as a gift. Columbus and his sailors brought tobacco back to Europe and it has grown their ever since. Again the supposed medicinal purposes of tobacco resulted in extreme popularity in Europe as it did in America. Thomas Harriet has the historical place in history as being the first to promote the smoking of tobacco as a way to get your recommended daily dose. It must be noted that Harriet died of nose cancer thought to be caused by exhaling the smoke from tobacco through his nose which was popular at the time."
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Smoking, 2002.
This paper attempts to understand the reasons why people smoke, despite the obvious negative effects of it.
3,703 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 23 sources, MLA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why people smoke cigarettes and especially how young people, who have been aware of the dangers of smoking their entire lives, begin their love affair with nicotine. The paper looks at the ill-effects caused by smoking, including nicotine addiction, lung and heart disease, cancer, etc. Despite these, the paper offers the explanation that smokers simply find the addiction enjoyable.
From the Paper
"These issues are of special concern when it comes to younger smokers. When it comes to the issue of smoking and young people, it seems that despite numerous advertising campaigns to quell the use of tobacco in those under the age of eighteen, the reality is that these tactics have been highly ineffective. While the use of tobacco amongst North Americans is, overall, on the decline, the number of teens using tobacco continues to increase steadily each year."
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Drugs and Adolescents, 2008.
Looks at the problem of drug use among teenagers, including personal interviews.
2,160 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that young adults, who are addicted to drugs, are at risk because the addiction causes long term biological and neurological damage. The author underscores that adolescents are of particular danger because their brains are still developing until age twenty-five. The paper describes the addiction path from nicotine to alcohol to a variety of narcotics, such as methamphetamine, cocaine, heroine and party drugs, each of which has a different addictive behavior. The author points out that immediate intervention is essential because the sooner an addiction is noticed, the easier it will be to stop.
From the Paper
"Cocaine is another drug that is not synthetic; it is from the leaves of the Coco plant. However, cocaine does have biological effects that can be potentially harmful. "It increases the metabolism in the body, including an increase in the heart rate, and it does suppress the appetite," said Dr. Harry Brandt from the center for eating disorders at Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital in Baltimore. This explains why many college-age women will use the drug as a weight loss aid."
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Adolescent Smoking, 2008.
This paper is a literature review of research studies to determine if adolescents' personal conceptions of smoking or addiction deter or encourage them to smoke.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that this literature review about adolescent smoking indicates the complex socio-cultural context in which personal conceptions arise. The author points out that, among the numerous variables affecting these conceptions are race, ethnicity, socio-cultural expectations, gender, peer group and nicotine. The paper summarizes that this literature review reveals that adolescents' conceptions both deter and encourage smoking. The author reports that all the researchers use quantitative methodologies and interpretive paradigms; however, a major limitation, which is common for all these studies, is that they are based on self-reports.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Studies
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Rasmussen-Cruz, Martin & Nuno-Gutierrez's (2006) purpose was to explore tobacco consumption and motives for use among university students. The research question was: why do university health sciences students who are informed about tobacco risks consume tobacco? The design was a basic quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The method was an online survey of 282 students, aged 15 to 24. The authors used an interpretive paradigm. The results were that conceptions involved motives such as coping with emotional problems, reported by 76 percent."
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