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News Framing: The Sino-U.S. Spy Plane Collision, 2005.
A comparison of the "New York Times" and the "People's Daily" coverage of the Sino-U.S. spy plane collision of April 1, 2001.
11,500 words (approx. 46.0 pages), 32 sources, MLA, £ 155.95
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Abstract
On April 1, 2001, what began as a minor training exercise turned into a post-Cold War confrontation between two of the world's nuclear powers. On this date, a collision of a U.S. spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet resulted in a tense - but not hostile - political confrontation between the two nations. This paper examines how although the actual details of the spy plane collision in April 2001 differed substantially in their respective accounts in the Chinese and U.S. media, these differences were not so important to many observers as how important the role they played in shaping public opinion as the events unfolded. It provides a side-by-side comparison of the accounts from China and the U.S. to show how the "New York Times" and the "People's Daily" seem to be covering two completely separate incidents. It also defines and discusses the media framing functions that were categorized into three dimensions: visual framing, contextual framing and operational framing.
Outline:
Introduction
Background and Overview
Differences in Media Accounts
Categorization of Framing Functions in Media Accounts
Review of the Literature
Role of the Media in News Presentation
Gatekeeping and Presentation of News Reports
Additional Factors Influencing Presentation of News Reports
The American Position as Reflected in "The New York Times"
The Chinese Position as Reflected in "The People's Daily"
The International Community's Position
Method
Data Analysis and Findings
"People's Daily": April 2-April 27, 2001
"New York Times" Analysis
Validity and Reliability
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"From a subjective perspective, one can almost envision the Chinese leadership hunkered down in the Forbidden City formulating a cogent but forceful response to the spy plane incident that would show the world that they still meant business militarily, but one which would not go so far as to jeopardize what was really important: the American markets. However, from an international perspective, the evolution of the Sino-American trade bloc may be thwarted by future recurrences of this level of hostility, and in the post-Cold War globe, former allies may become potential enemies. "
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Reporting the Sino-U.S. Spy Plane Collision.
This paper compares the news framing by the "New York Times" and the "People's Daily" coverage of the Sino-US spy plane collision in 2001.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, on April 1, 2001, what began as a minor training exercise turned into a post-Cold War confrontation between two of the world's nuclear powers. A collision of a U.S. spy plane and a Chinese fighter jet resulted in a tense, but not hostile, political confrontation between the two nations. The author points out that the media accounts in the United States and China are both shaped by the same type of gatekeeping processes, which underlie all editorial decisions concerning what events should be reported to the public and how they should be presented; however, a fundamental difference exists between the two countries concerning the relative freedoms of the respective media in covering these events, particularly for international consumption. The paper reviews many hypotheses based on the news framing by the "New York Times" and the "People's Daily" and concludes that future historians should incorporate comparable analyses of identical news events from various media to determine the extent to which such inherent ethnocentrism has impacted these reports.
Table of Contents
Literature Review
Visual Framing
Contextual Framing
Operational Framing
Hypothesis 1
Hypothesis 2
H2a
H2b
Hypothesis 3
H3a
H3b
Validity and Reliability
From the Paper
"From the perspective of the Bush administration, this diplomatic standoff with a newly defined "strategic competitor" provided a crucial test to his ability and experience in handling foreign affairs; these attributes in particular had been under increasing criticism in the months from April 2001. The results of how Bush handled this international incident could shape the domestic public opinion and worldview after the election controversy that had immediately preceded it. From China's perspective, even before this tragic incident, the Chinese people and its leaders had already been on the receiving end of hostile rhetoric from the newly elected Bush; this served to remind the Chinese people and their leadership about the embassy bombing in Yugoslavia just twoyears previously; moreover, such a direct military conflict between two nuclear powers has not taken place since the end of the Cold War."
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The U.S. and the U.N. Rights of the Child Convention, 2002.
This paper discusses why the U.S. hasn't signed the treaty on the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child.
5,060 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination, written from a legal standpoint, of the treaty on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children. The paper concludes the U. S. is willing to intervene in other international problems, such as oil; and therefore, it should make a public statement to protect the world?s most precious commodity, children, by supporting the treaty.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What Is It
What It Protects
What about the Legal Standpoint
Why Is Treaty Needed
Why Won't the U.S. Sign?
Reasons for Signing the Treaty
From the Paper
"While there are many political reasons that the US may refuse to sign the treaty, one of the chief causes for concern might be the establishment of an International Criminal Court. Many UN delegates support the idea of an International Criminal Court but the United States has been steadfast in its refusal to agree. An international criminal court might begin the slippery slope of descent to the power of individual nations when it comes to many issues including the treaty.If the international criminal court gains favor and power in the future it is feasible that the court could be used to enforce the treaty."
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Multiculturalism in the U.S. and U.K., 2005.
This paper presents an analysis regarding the doctrine of multiculturalism.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the doctrine of multiculturalism. The writer offers an analysis of why such a doctrine is problematic. In order to examine the issue of multiculturalism, the writer uses examples from the public education systems in the U.S. and Great Britain to show the difficulties in treating all cultures as equal.
From the Paper
"Multiculturalism is defined by the Ayn Rand institute as the view that all cultures are equal. While this doctrine is often adopted in spirit if not in principle in the U.S. and Great Britain, multiculturalism is problematic as a term. For if all cultures are equal we cannot say that there is one superior way of being, one superior set of values or one superior method of educating individuals. However societies like America and Great Britain often adopt such methods values ... "
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Nixon and China, 1994.
The origins and evolution of the opening of the China-U.S. relations through Nixon foreign policy, the dispute over the role of Kissinger, objectives, U.S. public reaction, role of the Sino-Soviet conflict and Vietnam War, success/failure and historical i
4,725 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 20 sources, £ 93.95
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From the Paper
"Nixon and China: A Historiography
This paper will present a historiography of the United States policy towards the Peoples Republic of China during the Nixon administration. The first part of the paper will briefly recount the events surrounding the policy, including the change in foreign policy during the administration and the public spectacle of the Nixon visit to China. The second part of the paper will examine the interpretations concerning the true authorship of the policy introduced by the administration, specifically focusing upon the question of whether Nixon or Kissinger was primarily responsible for the idea of rapprochement with China. The third part of the paper will discuss the motivations behind the change in policy and the interpretations of these motivations. The fourth part of the paper will look at the..."
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New Home Framing, 2005.
This paper describes the new home framing process in step order.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the new home framing process in step order, with explanations of materials and their advantages and disadvantages. The paper looks at building codes and construction sequence. The paper looks at framing as the critical component in house construction.
From the Paper
"One of the first decisions to make when starting a new home framing project is what materials to use. Wood framing is standard on many homes, but to ensure that walls will be straight where cabinets will hang, it is necessary to avoid using rapid-growth light spring wood. Although the rapid growth makes it faster and cheaper to produce, it can cause the lumber to twist and bow when it dries out, causing walls to become wavy. These wavy walls can cause a variety..."
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Media Framing of the Gay, 2006.
A discussion regarding the role of the media in framing the homosexual movement.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This assignment discusses the media framing of the gay, lesbian, bisexual, queer and transgender movement based on 10 source articles. The paper then analyzes the content demonstrating that there is essentially negative and positive framing.
From the Paper
"Individuals with different sexual orientations or different sexual identities have often experienced discrimination and persecution in Western societies. For example, in 'Ideas for Action' Cynthia Kaufman states, Given the widespread and established nature of homophobia, it is not surprising that the most important demand for most gays and lesbians is simply for the right to love whomever they please (Kaufman 178). There is some evidence that the gay, lesbian, bisexual, queer and transgender movement has become very successful at reducing homophobia and increasing acceptance of different sexual orientation or different sexual identities. "
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Media Framing Lesson Plan, 2007.
A description of a lesson plan for teaching current trends in Chinese culture through media framing.
957 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a lesson plan with the aim of identifying current trends in Chinese culture through media framing. The paper presents an overview of the subject material - an essay written by K. Hallahan, titled "Seven Models of Framing: Implications for Public Relations". The paper then discusses the objectives for the lesson and the requirements of the students. It provides a suggested procedure and student assessment for the information taught.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Connections to the Curriculum
Time Required
Materials Required
Objectives of the Exercise
Analytic Skills
Suggested Procedure
Opening
Development
Closing
Suggested Student Assessment
Extending the Lesson
Related Links
From the Paper
"Suggested Student Assessment. Because the media framing analysis is a highly subjective process, students will be requested to defend their respective positions on a given news account in the form of an essay that will be assessed on the basis of how well it takes into account the various media framing structural dimensions in supporting its position."
"Extending the Lesson. When students identify an issue that is particularly interesting to them, they would refine and extend its concepts through a WebQuest approach that uses a free Web site account. WebQuests have become increasingly popular in recent years for this purpose, and these become a "work in progress" that students continue to contribute to as additional research is completed and more news accounts become available."
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"China's Economy: U.S. and E.U. Get Tough on Textiles", 2005.
A review of the article "China's Economy: U.S. and E.U. Get Tough on Textiles".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
"This paper discusses an article from the Economist Intelligence Unit, a publication of The Economist, entitled "China's Economy: U.S. and E.U. Get Tough on Textiles" as it relates to the price pressures on apparels in the U.S. market. These issues are examined from a macroeconomic perspective with an emphasis on Keynesian and neo-classical macroeconomic theory.
From the Paper
"Following the end of quotas on textile imports from China as of 1 January 2005, both the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) have witnessed a massive influx of textile imports from China: "U.S. imports of Chinese clothing swelled in January, a rush of new products following the end of international quotas that for decades had limited global apparel trade" (Chinese, 2005, para.1). While increases have been across the board, three categories in particular have seen huge increases: cotton knit shirts, blouses and cotton trousers, and these have been targeted for renewed protectionist quotas by both the US and the EU (China, 2005, para.2). "
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The Media and the Framing of Crime, 2006.
A review of the role of society and the media in the framing of a crime, looking specifically at Toronto.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the topic of framing of crime. It uses the individualistic and structural views of crime. It argues that the individualistic view is used because it allows for the status quo to be maintained by keeping other groups down. The paper uses the example of gang activity in Toronto.
From the Paper
"For the essay assignment question number one on the question assignment sheet will be answered. This question deals with there primary topics. The first topic is the way media frames information. The second topic is the ways in which crime can be framed. The third topic is the way the media and conceptions of criminality become connected within society. A fourth topic that is used to explore the other three topics is gang activity in Toronto. The essay will clearly show how the media has adopted individualistic theories of crime when it comes to these types of crime stories. "
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The U.S. in Texas: U.S. Support of the Texas Revolution, 2000.
Discussion of the many political and social reasons the U.S. entered the battle for independence and eventual statehood in Texas.
1,260 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 7 sources, £ 29.95
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From the Paper
"Texas has added many economic, political and strategic advantages to the United States. But Texas was not acquired by the simple task of colonization and claim; Texas was fought for and won from the Spanish Empire by the people of these United States. They did not enter this conflict without reason or resolution; they entered this battle for independence and eventual statehood for many political and social reasons. First, the already great abundance of United States immigrants in the Spanish State of Texas, or Tejas, at the time of the revolution aided in the approval in action by the U.S. Secondly, the comparisons of the citizens of Texas predicament to the United States? own revolution also aided in the agreement on U.S. initiative. Finally, the American dislike of the Spanish Empire and its wish to dissolve its influence in North America aided as well in American entrance into the affairs of the Texas Revolution."
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The U.S. and the E.U, 2003.
An examination of the differences between the United States of America and the European Union.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the organization and intent of the European Union differs from the organization and intent of the United States of America. It looks at the development of the E.U.'s original intent to a broader sociopolitical scope and the economic and sociopolitical dimensions of the organization of the United States.
From the Paper
"McCormick states that the original purpose of the European Union was to promote trade links between member countries which is still one of its main functions. However ..."
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USA/Sino Political Relations, 2001.
Why the United States should make constructive relations with China.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This essay puts forward arguments why the United States should attempt to develop positive relations with China. It discusses historical relations and those policies being adopted by the President Clinton as opposed to the isolationist Truman/Eisenhower/Bush, Jr. ideas. The paper discusses China's new growth and industrial potential as well as the effects political relations will have on trade. It also covers nuclear non-proliferation treaties and WTO membership implications.
From the paper:
"In the past, the U.S. has shared benevolent, if at times, uncertain, ties with China and Taiwan. Profitable trade with the Q?ing dynasty in the 1700?s for opium, tea and coal let subsequent 19th century administrations to continue with Sino-engagement through an ?Open Door Policy.? U.S. forces even fought alongside the Republic of China (ROC) against Japanese forces during World War II. However, in five short decades, 200 years of close ties have unraveled due to ideological differences. The People?s Republic of China (PRC) and the U.S. have pursued divergent roads to civil society. Communism and a command economy have monopolized China, while democracy and capitalism have absorbed America. The U.S. needs to form a constructive relationship with China for several reasons."
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U.S. & Congo Crisis of 1960 to 1965, 1997.
Role of U.S. intelligence & Soviet-American conflict. Looks at Congo political independence, U.S. foreign policy-making structure & self-image in foreign affairs. Involvement of the CIA and U.N.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 18 sources, £ 66.95
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From the Paper
"THE ROLE OF UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES IN THE CONGO CRISIS: 1960-1965
Introduction
This research discusses the role of United States intelligence services in the Congo Crisis of 1960-1965. United States intelligence services, for purposes of this research, refers to the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
The geopolitical situation within which United States involvement in the Congo occurred is reviewed. The foreign policy-making decision structure in the United States government during the relevant period is discussed. The role of the United States in the Congo Crisis is examined.
The Geopolitical Environment
Following the end of the Second World War, the colonial powers.."
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