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The Neuman Systems and Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, 2004.
This paper discusses the application of the Neuman Systems Model, which is based on the community care concept and permits the integration of unlicensed trained practitioners to the practice of pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP).
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 25 sources, APA, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the major concern of nursing is keeping the client system stable throughout constant life changes with accuracy, both in assessing the effects of environmental stressors and in assisting client adjustments required for optimal level wellness through primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies as intervention. The paper points out that, because the model is built on general systems theory with the flexibility that allows identification of the client as an individual, family, group, or community, it is equally appropriate for an interdisciplinary team in a public health department with the client as community, an acute care psychiatric hospital with client as an individual, or an adolescent drug rehabilitation center with client as family. The paper relates that the practice of nursing is limited to the health care provision or the location of the patient; however, if the best health care is desired, it is imperative for nursing to extend beyond its conventional boundaries.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Benefit
National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP)
Situation in Clinical Practice
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Coupled by the importance of performing at one?s best in order to achieve high quality pediatric health service, the Neuman systems model can deal with a patient?s need for immediate help. This is because of the fact that the model allows nurses to reach their patients when they are most needed. An example of this is in the case where young patients suffer from respiratory diseases, such as Asthma. In order to deal with their patients also need to be foresighted, and according to the model this is what they will be able to do. It must be asserted that this kind of intuition is a must when dealing with young patients, as they may not feel comfortable or not be able to communicate their feelings well enough."
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The Neumans Systems Model, 2002.
An investigation into whether modern day nursing practicing can continue to adapt itself to nursing theories such as "The Neumans Systems Model".
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The writer shows how modern day nursing has changed dramatically to become more specialized. Based on these changes and the increasing need for flexibility, the writer asks whether is it still possible, or desirable, for modern nursing to base its practices on theories such as The Neuman Systems Model, whose broad, rigid ideas were developed in order to tackle challenges which were very different from those faced in the 21st century.
From the Paper
"In addressing the remaining factors of the nursing metaparadigm, The Neuman System's Model, describes the environment as the totality of internal and external forces with which a person interacts and, additionally, identifies a 'created' environment, which is one that is created and developed unconsciously by the client. The model views health as being synonymous with wellness, and considers that each individual adopts a constantly changing position at some point along a wellness-illness continuum, their position at any given point in time being dependent on their interactions with, and reaction to, the environmental stressors."
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Neuman's System Model, 2007.
This paper discusses Neuman's System Model for nursing.
935 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the Neuman's System Model for nursing is a construct developed to explain the interconnected nature of personal variables and the prevention measures of the nurse to help the patient achieve a balance in his or her care and his or her life. The writer notes that the five person variables, as defined by Neuman are physiological; the structure and function of the body, psychological; the mental state and emotions, sociocultural; relationships, cultural expectations and activities, spiritual; one's spiritual beliefs and developmental; the process of development which occurs continually. Each person variable is interconnected and dependant upon the others, which work in congruence to achieve balance. The writer concludes that the model also stresses prevention, as a core value, something that is sometimes seen as lacking in modern medical care, which is so highly incensed on curing disease rather than preventing it or better empowering individuals to take responsibility for the work they must do for themselves and the community they inhabit.
From the Paper
"The Neuman system theory is clearly an inclusive system, as it acknowledges nearly every aspect of the individual, and his or her environment. The system also acknowledged that the nurse has a specific role, not to facilitate healing, as this is clearly something the individual must do independently but to prevent additional stressors from affecting the individual, by controlling the environment and the input and output issues the individual is dealing with, while trying to restore balance. The role of the patient, to heal and restore balance and the role of the nurse are clearly defined, by the system and it is the job of the nurse to anticipate needs and opportunities for prevention. The system has even been applied to educating nurses and the education model of prevention as the roles of the nurse."
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The Neuman Systems Model, 2002.
A look at intervention with women according to the above model.
5,400 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 15 sources, £ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the Neuman model for intervention with women who are victims of violence and abuse. The emphasis in this paper is on addressing the multiple stressors that affect abused women on interpsersonal and extrapersonal levels. The stressors discussed here include physiological, psychological, developmental, spiritual, social, etc. Interventions are addressed in the same areas as are issues of prevention.
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Models of Nursing, 2008.
This paper discusses two models of nursing: the Neuman Systems Model and Dorothy Johnson's theory.
748 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the Neuman Systems Model and Johnson's theory, which rely on the identification of past, present and future stressors and behaviors. The paper points out that both theorists look at the whole person and only differ as to how the environment influences a person. The paper also relates that by Neuman and Johnson introducing behavioral and environmental stressors and patterns into the medical profession through the role of nurses, the quality of medical treatment has improved dramatically.
From the Paper
"The Neuman Systems Model was created in 1970 at the University of California by Betty Neuman as a way of teaching Introductory Nursing to freshman nursing students. The model encompassed a unique approach in teaching physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, and developmental aspects of the human condition. The basic concept of the Neuman Systems Model is to study the hair color, body temperature, body system functions, cognitive ability, physical strength and values of a person. These elements of humanity are always evolving and changing in a normal life cycle. Normalcy ends when the elements become static--the energy exhumed is greater than that used by the person. The human process is a series of inputs, outputs, feedbacks and compensations that create balance in a person's nature (Heyman & Wolfe, 2000)."
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Application of Theory to Practice, 2002.
A paper which studies the Neuman Systems Model theory as a basis for modern nursing practices.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that in recent decades extensive developments in the general provision of health care services have been witnessed, with the emphasis of health care reform focusing on issues such as health promotion, interdisciplinary care and reduced costs. The paper discusses how these changes have had a particularly dramatic effect on the nursing profession, which has undergone a process of specialization and fragmentation, which now requires the modern nurse to collaborate as closely with other health care disciplines as they do with their clients and colleagues. The paper also explores the situation in which the efficient delivery of health care depends on the use of flexible nursing practices which are capable of adapting to the needs of the client, the nurse, the related health care professionals, and society. It questions whether it is still possible for modern nursing to base its practices on theories such as The Neuman Systems Model, whose broad, rigid ideas were developed in order to tackle challenges which were very different from those faced in the 21st century. The paper applies the Neuman theory to a case patient to see whether it can be successfully employed in today's day and age.
From the Paper
"Upon Mr.Wilson?s release from the ward, I and my colleagues discussed the applicability and merits of the model, in this particular situation. As mentioned earlier, The Neuman Systems Model provided a useful framework around which to construct an extensive client assessment and, subsequently, a holistic plan of care delivery. It did not, however, result in the implementation of any nursing strategies which would not have occurred without it, leading to the reinforcement of my belief that the model includes no concepts or processes that are not already being adopted and used by the vast majority of nurses. The model, in effect, represents an overly complex method of describing the basic tenets of effective nursing strategies and care which have been carried out for decades. In addition, its belief in the standard, universal measurement of individual experiences and interactions defines The Neuman Systems Model as a backward step in an age when society is increasingly seeking a health care service which is personalized in nature."
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Application of Nursing Models, 2007.
This paper discusses the application of nursing models presented by Sister Callista Roy, Madeleine Leininger and Betty Neuman.
2,160 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that as the demands on nurses and the nursing profession have increased over the last several decades, it became evident to many nursing professionals that the ideology related to nursing practice had to be changed. The writer notes that cultural, environmental and mind-body considerations were significantly important because these factors were known to impact patients and their health. However, the writer points out that as more information became available through practice, it was also apparent that each person had to be evaluated independently in order for health care professionals to have a clear idea of all issues that affected the patient's well being. The writer then discusses that Roy, Neuman and Leininger each developed approaches to nursing practice that were intended to provide a well established vision of the person, which could be used in preventative medicine, as well as in the event of illness. These theories lead nurses to be capable of treating the whole individual, while providing the quality care that nursing is intended to ensure.
Outline:
Introduction
Leininger and the Transcultural Nursing Model
Application of Lieninger's Sunrise Model
Environment and Population
Cultural Values
Religious and Philosophical Factors
Kinship and Social Factors
Political and Legal Factors
Economic Factors
Educational Factors
Health Care System
Roy Adaptation Model
Application of the Roy Adaptation Model
Scientific and Philosophical Elements
Self-Concept and Group Identity
Role Function
Environment
Health and Adaptation
Nursing
Neuman Systems Model
Application of the Neuman Systems Model
Basic Structure/Energy Resources
Stressors
Line of Resistance
Optimal System Stability
Prevention/Intervention and Nursing
From the Paper
"The transcultural model, therefore, is comprised of numerous factors that must be taken into consideration if the proper care is to be presented for each individual patient. The most significant of these factors is culture. According to Leininger, the culture that an individual belongs to affects every aspect of that individual's existence. The elements associated with a culture are taught to the person from the time of birth and consistently impact thought, religious beliefs, behaviors and how the person relates to the health care environment."
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Nursing: A Case Study, 2002.
Uses a case study to illustrate the Neuman Health Care Systems Model of Nursing.
2,782 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the case of a young pregnant woman with a history of domestic abuse, in order to explain the main points of the Neuman Health Care Systems Model of Nursing. The paper begins by presenting a clinical exemplar of the case, followed by the key concepts discussed in the exemplar such as spousal abuse, stress and the patient's pregnancy. The paper then describes the author's personal nursing philosophy before showing reasons why she chose the Neuman system to treat the patient. Finally, the paper provides a list of typical research questions which might be presented to the patient.
From the Paper
"Similarly, Reel (1997) reports that the abuse of pregnant women is a solvable health problem, especially if health care providers make sure to provide routine and thorough assessment of these women, using assessment indices to develop an intervention plan. This recommendation is completely consistent with the emphasis in Neuman's (1995) model on the need for exhaustive assessment as part of good nursing practice. Thus, the literature on appropriate nursing practice in caring for pregnant women who have been abused tends to be at least somewhat consistent with pivotal recommendations and concepts associated with the Neuman model."
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The Attitudinal Model and the Rational Choice Model, 2006.
A comparative analysis between the effectiveness of the attitudinal model and the rational choice model fo studying law.
2,633 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between the Attitudinal Model and the Rational Choice Model for studying the law and the courts. This paper looks into how both models are used to understand the courts, in particular the United States Supreme Court. In addition, through a comparative analysis both models are applied to circumstances to determine which model is most appropriate when trying to understanding how the courts establish and define law.
From the Paper
"At first glance the attitudinal model and the rational choice (Strategic) model for studying the law and the courts seem vastly different. Essentially this is because they serve different purposes. The Attitudinal Model seeks to explain why justices (for our purposes justices on the Supreme Court) vote the way that they do, and the running premise is that they do so to implement their own personal policy preferences into the law. The Strategic Model seeks to explain the collective decision making process of the Supreme Court, focusing on what constrains, controls and influences the justices' decisions. However, the relationship between the Attitudinal Model and the Strategic Model for studying the law and the courts is not as clear-cut as this. This is because in an analysis of their essential foundations and applications, the strategic model, although different and contradictory at times, supplements the Attitudinal Model."
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Orem's Self-Care Model: A Professional Nursing Practice Model, 2001.
This paper examines the Self-Care Model of Nursing.
660 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper is an analysis of Dorothea Orem's method of nursing. She introduced the concept that nurses, as human beings, need to be allowed to treat patients according to their individual needs. The author examines this theory, and presents several examples where it has been applied successfully.
From the Paper
"Nursing isn?t only about ?doing for the patient,? but about assisting them and directing them to carry out their own self-care and self-directed life. ?A patient competent to live in the real world is competent not only to obtain and participate health care, but to do as much of it as would be done outside the institutional setting normally.? (Coleman, pp. 325-344, 1980) Self-care then, is especially important in any field of nursing because health care is more about taking care of the body outside of the institution rather than in it."
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The Due Process Model vs. The Crime Control Model, 2004.
Looks at the conflicting goals of the United States criminal justice system: to control crime and to protect the rights of the accused.
864 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
The criminal justice system here in the United States has traditionally operated under the premises of two fundamentally opposing goals. One goal is the crime control goal. This goal operates under the idea that criminals should be aggressively pursued and crimes aggressively punished. The other goal is the due process goal. This goal operates under the premise that the rights of the accused need to be carefully protected in any criminal justice investigation. This paper examines both of these positions, determining which one is the better goal for the United States to pursue, and why.
From the Paper
"Liberals have been the traditional defenders of the due process model (Perron). They are certainly operating under noble guidelines. The United States Constitution itself carefully lays out the rights of the accused in a series of amendments in the Bill of Rights. The Founding Fathers were obviously very concerned about protecting the rights of the accused, or these protections would not have been included in the Constitution. Should we as a nation follow any less stringent standards in dealing with our accused today? "
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Pain and Three Nursing Conceptual Models, 2004.
An examination of the concept of pain in the clinical area and how to adhere to JCAHO's standards using conceptual models from Orem, Neuman, and Roy.
3,103 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how pain is a global problem that affects all people during their life and how poorly treated pain is a major concern for the millions of Americans currently suffering with pain. It looks at how heath care strives to deliver optimal care and treat patients effectively and how the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has developed pain management quality standards that must be implemented by all health care organizations to be accredited. It shows how providers need help to integrate these standards for optimal pain management and how conceptual models developed by nursing theorists can be useful tools to guide clinical practice. In particular, it explores Orem?s Self-Care Framework, Neuman?s System Model, and Roy?s Adaptation Model as examples of conceptual models that can be used to analyze possible approaches to solving health care problems and clinical concerns.
From the Paper
"Roy?s Model guides pain management with a nursing process, which includes a behavioral assessment, a stimuli assessment, nursing diagnosis, goal setting, plans for implementation, and evaluation. Each step takes into consideration the patient?s perceptions and desires into account. Behavioral assessment is completed keeping in mind the four modes of adaptation. The four modes of adaptation are physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. This allows for a systematic and holistic approach in recognizing the patients? right to proper pain assessment. In the physiological mode, a thorough assessment investigates the underlying disease process of the pain. Once treatment is implemented for the illness or injury causing pain, the focus moves into the actual elimination of pain."
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Economic Models, 2004.
Looks at different economic models and their usefulness in resolving issues of whether or not a monopoly exists.
5,640 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the example of the increasing monopolization of the telecommunications industry to demonstrate the need for economic models that can help resolve issues of monopolization. The paper describes the purpose of economic models, the different types of models, and some of the factors and data that the models consider.
Outline
An Agent-Based Economic Model
Telecommunications market structure, development, and impact studies
Demand analysis and forecasting studies, modeling
Service and Network Cost Studies and Models
Comparative tariff, policy, and market analyses
Tariff Model -- International Comparisons
OECD Basket Comparisons of Telephone Services Charges - August 1997
Multivariable Regression
The Classical Model
The Classical Model of Production and Employment
Labor Demand
Labor Supply
Equilibrium
Aggregate Supply and Demand
Loanable Funds
Taxes on Labor Income
Animal Spirits
The Keynesian IS/LM Model
Tax Model (The Simple Keynesian Model)
Paradox of Thrift
The Mundell-Fleming Model
Real Business Cycles
The IS/MP Model
From the Paper
"With the agressive deregulation in the telecommunications industry in the United States and Europe during the early to mid-1990?s, it seemed that the local monopolies would be forced to unbundle their networks. However, MCI WorldCom, the second largest US long distance telecommunications company, announced in October 1999, that it would acquire Sprint, the third largest US long distance company, in the biggest corporate takeover in history. The merger is valued at $129 billion in cash, stock and debt. The resulting firm will be second only to AT&T in the US telecommunications industry, a company with, as of 1999, $65 billion in annual revenue, 142,000 workers and 40 million business and residential customers (McGaughlin, 1999)."
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Human Resources Management Model, 2004.
Discusses and compares the "hard model" and the "soft model" in HR management theory.
7,583 words (approx. 30.3 pages), 21 sources, APA, £ 115.95
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Abstract
The growth of the concept of a strategic approach to managing people can be attributed to rapid environmental changes that have taken place over the last two decades. This paper first examines the dichotomy between two human resource management approaches to overall employee management. It then examines the difficulties in implementing the current management model into modern companies. The two models examined are the ?hard model? of human resource management and the soft model that has replaced it in most modern organizations, especially in the services and technology sectors. The paper includes a graph and table.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Dichotomy Between Soft and Hard Models of Human Resource Management
Divergence and Rigidity Within Soft and Hard Models of Human Resource Management
Human Nature and the Employee
The Language and Reality of New Careers
Implications for Establishing the New Career Paradigm
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Soft HRM models focus on empowering employees and management to take charge of the organization, to continually learn and grow in their jobs as well as in their careers and to be willing to take risks and be innovative in their approach to their jobs. It has become almost part and parcel with today?s new information and services based economy, where older centralized command and control type management would be too unwieldy to respond to the demands of the new market place. The second effect of companies adopting the soft HRM approach is the narrowing of organizational structure. Where previously older organizations have had a vertical, highly compartmentalized management structure, those companies who have adopted the soft approach or those who start off with it, see their management structure become narrower and more responsibility for decision making rests in the hands of the employees and frontline management."
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