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Neo-Marxian Theory, 2002.
A discussion of the differences between Neo-Marxian theory and Marxist theory.
1,919 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an insight into Neo-Marxian theory and discusses how it differs from traditional Marxian theory primarily in its rejection of both economic determinism and the view that individuals play no role in shaping society. It analyzes how Marx believed the ideas of individuals to be powerless as a force in history unless they are connected with materialism. It examines how Neo-Marxian theorists have emphasized the individual in ways that certainly distinguish those theorists from both Marx and his traditional interpreters. It concludes that the greatest weakness of neo-Marxist reconsideration of Marxist theory is that it is still in process and requires additional study (particularly the questions of over-accumulation and stagnation), but such a "weakness" is to be expected in such a revisionist effort.
From the Paper
"Lukacs' neo-Marxist view of class consciousness gives more power to individuals than Marxist theory, or least individuals within the proletariat, which is capable of a true class consciousness he believes is denied to the bourgeoisie, which "at best . . . understands the development of capitalism as something external, subject to objective laws, which it can experience only passively." The proletariat, on the other hand, has the capacity to develop true class consciousness, and as it does, the bourgeoisie is thrown on the defensive. Lukacs refused to see the proletariat as simply driven by external forces but viewed it instead as an active creator of its own fate. . . . "The class struggle must be raised from the level of economic necessity to the level of conscious aim and effective class consciousness" [writes Lukacs]. When the struggle reaches this point, the proletariat is capable of the action that can overthrow the capitalist system."
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Neo-marxian Theory, 2000.
An analysis of revisions to and innovations in Marxism related to economic determinism, capitalistic development, individual freedom, monopolies and over-accumulation.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, £ 43.95
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From the Paper
" Neo-Marxian theory differs with traditional Marxian theory primarily in its rejection of both economic determinism and the view that individuals play no role in shaping society. In fact, however, as Ritzer writes, Marx himself was not an economic determinist, although he certainly emphasized economics as the primary force at work in society:
Marx often sounded like an economic determinist; that is, he seemed to consider the economic system of paramount importance and to argue that it determined all other sectors of society--politics, religion, idea systems, and so forth. Although Marx did see the economic sector as preeminent, at least in capitalist society, as a dialectician he could not have taken a deterministic position, because the dialectic is characterized by the notion that there is continual..."
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The Theories of Karl Marx, 2003.
A look at the strengths and weaknesses inherent in Marx?s critique of capitalism and the exploration of the relationship of Marxian theory in contemporary American society.
1,990 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how few bodies of thought have received more attention, aroused more controversy, and wielded more influence than that of Karl Marx. It discusses how, in the course of his break with Hegelian idealism, Marx developed an orientation toward society and history that he believed opened the way to new social sciences. It looks at how fundamental to his approach is the division of a social system into a material base, or a mode of production and a superstructure. It shows how Marx?s analytical framework on industrial capitalism is rooted in these early ideals and remains an essential part of critical analysis. It analyzes how, given the enormous changes since his time, certain strengths and weaknesses in his theories have emerged and attempts to understand the existing capitalist exploitation of wage-labor and worker alienation by applying his theories to American society today.
From the Paper
"The value of labor power (i.e., the amount of wages that the capitalist pays to the worker) is ?determined, as in the case of every other commodity, by the labor-time necessary for production? of the products that the capitalist intends to sell (Marx, 1962). In a Marxian society, in order to keep labor power circulating on the market, the capitalist pays a minimal level of subsistence so that he or she has to return to work. This is a compelling argument, but only if it can be proven that the person who has to return to work can find no other work substitutes that pay better. Why wouldn?t some capitalist offer a slightly higher wage to attract cheap labor away from the cheaper employer? "
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Sociological Class Theories, 2004.
This paper uses three primary theories of social class -- conflict, functionalist, and interactionist -- to examine George Bush's economic policies.
1,795 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that, in the conflict (Marxian) theory, capitalist societies are divided into two opposing classes, wage workers and capitalists, and that conflict between these two classes will eventually lead to revolutions that will establish classless socialist societies. The author points out that the interactionist perspective stresses the prestige factor to understand the behaviors of status groups, which form within a given class, such as two persons in an upper class neighborhood, one of whom owns an Olympic-size swimming pool while his neighbor only owns an above-ground pool. The paper concludes that the long-term realities of Bush's policies can only truly benefit the upper class.
From the Paper
"Another key feature of Bush's economic agenda has been reforming Social Security with private investment accounts. While Bush's scheme suggests that he was supposed to solve the financial downfall of the last two years, he diverted attention away from the crisis and moved it squarely on Saddam Hussein. Who knows what kind of economic
disaster we have waiting for us in the immediate future? ?Furthermore, while young people seem more attracted to Bush's policies than skeptical elders, it is actually the younger generation of new workers who are destined to lose most, because of the cost of diverting Social Security revenues into the new individual stock accounts while still
paying benefits to retirees.? However, the volatility of the market at any given time makes it appear that the only ones who could possibly benefit from this type of plan would have to be the rich. The simple fact is that they have enough money in capital reserves to take risks with a program that they certainly won?t need anyway. If this pattern continues, a transfer from general revenues will be needed to help
with the transition's negative cash flow."
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Argentina and Neo-liberalism, 2008.
This paper explores the effects of neo-liberal policies on Argentinean human development.
2,769 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that although governmental incompetence has contributed to its problems, Argentina's present impoverishment and dependence is very much a product of neo-liberal policies foisted upon the country by powerful international actors like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The paper provides an overview of Argentinean domestic policy, notes the neo-liberal agenda and impact of the World Bank and IMF and illustrates the consequences flowing from neo-liberal policies made all the more powerful by compelling global phenomena. The paper shows how while neo-liberalism is certainly not all bad, it does discourage the sort of internal development a poor and weakened nation like Argentina desperately needs.
From the Paper
"Before proceeding too far, it is necessary to provide some background information on the country of Argentina; this background, needless to say, can offer a great deal of insight into why Argentina's current predicament is as bad as it is. For most of the twentieth century, Argentina's economy has been characterized by stagnation and by recession; indeed, since the middle 1970s, per capita income has tumbled and (by the middle 1990s) was less than that of relatively poor nations such as Chile and Malaysia. Additionally, the emigration of Argentineans seeking a better life has emerged as a pressing concern in recent years. To all of this must be added the fact that Argentina's interior - which comprises roughly 70 percent of the nation's land and, as of roughly a decade ago, comprised just under a third of its population - has been chronically poor since at least the 1930s (Sawers, 3-4)."
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Joseph Schumpeter and Neo-Classical Economics, 2002.
Explains Joseph Schumpeter's economic theories and the neo-classical view of economics and then contrasts the two theories.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 86.95
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Abstract
Schumpeter's economic theories as they are outlined in "Capitalism, Democracy and Socialism" differ significantly from the neo-classical view of economics. The neo-classical view is outlined-with reference to Adam Smith as a representative neo-classical economist--and contrasted with Schumpeter's theories. Schumpeter's absorption of Marxism, his views on markets and monopolies, and his ruminations on the future of capitalism are highlighted and contrasted with the neo-classical paradigm.
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Neo Classicism, 2002.
An analysis of the origins and impact of neo classicism on art, culture and politics in France 1760-1848.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper will explore the origins and manifestation of neo classicism in France in the period from 1760 to 1848. As will be seen, neo classicism exerted a profound influence not only on the art of France during this period, but also upon its culture and political theory. However, as will be seen, French neo classicism was significantly influenced by events that took place outside of France, such as the excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum in Italy. While these discoveries contributed more to an interest in all things classical rather than to specific artistic or cultural occurrences in France at this time, they nonetheless suggest something of the transnational nature of the neo classicism movement.
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Neo-Liberalism, 2002.
A discussion of the consequences of neo-liberalism.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an insight into "Neo-liberalism", a set of economic policies that have become widespread during the last 25 years or so. It looks at how the capitalist crisis over the last 25 years, with its shrinking profit rates, inspired the corporate elite to revive economic liberalism and that's what makes it "neo" or ?new?. It defines some of its main features such as cutting public expenditure for social services and deregulation and discusses how around the world, neo-liberalism has been imposed by powerful financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank and it is raging all over Latin America. It evaluates the social, cultural, political and economical consequences as well as its effect on globalization. It concludes by asking the question of what kind of society do we want faced with a new kind of economic determinism that assumes that it is the only possible option and that all aspects of human life ? political, social and cultural ? are determined by the profit motive.
From the Paper
"Neo-liberal economics empowers and enriches big business, especially multinational corporations, and impoverishes damned near everyone else, including workers, peasants, the middle class and small business. Monetary policies attack wages through high interest rates and high unemployment. Unemployment, reduced wages and expensive credit all dramatically increase the amount of unwaged work we have to do to survive. Financial deregulation has diverted profits from new machines to all kinds of unproductive speculation. Industrial restructuring breaks workers' power and increases that of corporate capital."
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Neo-Liberal Institutionalism, 2005.
This paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of neo-liberal institutionalism.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, £ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the strengths and weaknesses of neo-liberal institutionalism. The writer looks at the significance of the Prisoner's Dilemma to the discussion. The fundamental difference between the realist and neo-liberal institutionalist is examined in this paper. The writer suggests that the weaknesses of neo-liberal institutionalism may outweigh its benefits.
From the Paper
"The neo-realist-neo-liberal institutionalism debate develops along a number of criticisms, primary among which is the realist or neo-realist assertion that international institutions play a minimal role in shaping international politics and that the prospects for cooperation in anarchy are bleak. Neo-liberal institutionalism questions these claims, challenging the logical coherence of the neo-realist argument and arguing that the explanatory power of neo-realism is weak because it fails to move beyond an emphasis on the primacy of states as key actors in international relations. In this ..."
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Neo-realism, 2000.
A study of Neo-realism and Hollywood and their different approaches to filmmaking.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper defines Neo-realism as an aesthetic movement that created a group of films in Italy, after the war, between 1945 and 1955. The paper explores how Neo-realism evolved, its principles, techniques, style and how it differentiates from today's Hollywood style filmmaking.
From the Paper
"Lights, Camera, Action? Neo-realism, along with the glitz & glamour of Hollywood, approaches filmmaking in many different ways. Neo-realism first appeared in the early 1940s in the writings of Italian critics. From one perspective, the term represented a younger generations desire to break free of the conventions of ordinary Italian cinema. Neo-realism refers to an aesthetic movement that created a group of films in Italy, after the post war, between 1945 and 1955. Economic, political, and cultural factors helped neo-realism survive. Major neo-realists such as Rossellini, De Sica, and Visconti came to the movement as experienced filmmakers."
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The Rise of the Neo-Nazis in Germany, 2002.
A look at the rise of the Neo-Nazis in Germany.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the different possible reasons for the rise of the Neo-Nazis in Germany. Humiliation and losing control over their own army are investigated as reasons for the rise of the Neo-Nazis in Germany.
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Micah?s Response to the Neo-Assyrian Crisis, 2001.
This paper discusses the prophet Micah and his harsh response to the
Neo-Assyrian crisis with the Israelites.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the Neo-Assyrian crisis between the Neo-Assyrian's and the Israelites. It discusses Micah?s written prophecies which are divided into two distinct parts. The first section, from chapters one to five, deal with the coming destruction of the nation of Israel. The second half of the book deals with promises of a joyful, peaceful future, when the land is returned to the people, they are protected against invasion, and follow God as they ought. He says if they will just repent for their sins during the war and stand strong against the Assyrians religiously and politically, God will bless them. The paper conveys the message that God is always in control and acts according to the people's sins.
From the Paper
"The rise of empires, their conquest and cruelty against smaller nations, and their eventual decay and destruction are the stuff of histories through-out recorded history. In the polytheistic, ritualistic days of old, the triumph of a nation was almost always considered to be not only a matter of military and strategic superiority, but the triumph of one regional god over another, of cultural and mythological superiority. Every war was a holy war, and fraught with religious meaning. It is absolutely necessary to understand this state of mind when approaching the prophecies and histories of the Jewish people in the time before they were scattered. At their foundation, in the times of the war-lord Joshua, they had brutally slaughtered the inhabitants of the nation, destroyed all their cities, and considered themselves to be the Holy Wrath of God upon the people of the land. Their triumph over the natives proved the superiority of their God and religious system. However, when times changed and neighboring kingdoms began to have superior military power, it posed a threat not only to the people of Israel, but also to their ideas about God. Most of the recorded writings of the prophets deal explicitly or implicitly with the question of God?s power and relevance at a time when his people?s power and sovereignty is threatened."
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Globalization and Neo-Liberalism, 2002.
A look at the relationship between globalization and neo-liberalism in Canadian political contexts.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper is a discussion of the inter-relationship of globalization and neo-liberalism. The essay describes how globalization processes have re-enforced the movement of neo-liberalism, with an emphasis on Canadian political contexts.
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Liberalism, Neo-Liberalism, and International Politics, 2005.
An overview of the relationship between liberal and neo-liberal theories and international politics.
861 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
According to sociologists, since the 1970s, market-based economic policies have been institutionalized as a nearly global policy paradigm embodying first, liberalism, and later, neo-liberalism. The purpose of this report is to discuss the theories of liberalism and neo-liberalism in studying international politics and to identify the limitations of these approaches.
From the Paper
"In neoliberalism, which developed in the final decades of the twentieth century, a set of economic principles became part of the accepted framework for thinking about and acting upon both the economy and the relations of states to one another. Neoliberalism assumed that a positive outcome both economically and politically would be generated through a wave of reforms ? privatizations, dismantling of social welfare programs, the retreat of the state from economic regulation, tax cuts, and the opening of national boundaries."
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