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The Native Girl Syndrome, 2008.
This paper looks at Beatrice Culleton Mosionier's book 'In Search of April Raintree'.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks chiefly at the native girl syndrome as it makes its appearance in the text and how the use of this slur by whites complicates the lives of the two protagonist, Cheryl and April Raintree. The writer discusses that part of the horror of the native girl syndrome is that it renders aboriginal women and young girls into little more than intemperate, slovenly and incontinent children who possess a "bad seed" that makes them susceptible to wrong-doing and also highly susceptible to being a drain upon the public purse. The writer maintains that the native girl syndrome, inasmuch as it reduces aboriginal women to lesser moral, intellectual and emotional beings than their white counterparts - also de-legitimates their voices and makes it more probable that they will be compelled to suffer injustice in silence. The paper explores these issues and also looks at how the native girl syndrome came about - it may even still be the case today - a rationale for tearing apart native families.
From the Paper
"Cheryl and April are two young girls who suffer a great deal in Beatrice Culleton Mosionier's, In Search of April Raintree. For one thing, Culleton Mosionier's work describes in painful detail the various ways in which aboriginal peoples coming of age in 1950s and 1960s Canada were infantilized by the dominant culture. For one thing, the intrusion of Child Welfare Services into the inner goings-on of the Raintree family reveals the callous manner in which aboriginal peoples were perceived as "wards" who could do nothing - be nothing - without the mainstream culture imposing itself upon them. The book, at least in the view of one perceptive critic, suggests that the violence of the troubled aboriginal home is equaled by the more subtle violence of Child Services, a dark and dubious entity that tears children from their families or at least did in the 1950s and 1960s and undermines the autonomy and, indeed, the adult personages of aboriginal parents. The book is also painful in the sense that it captures how the "culture of violence" ascribed to the native culture is a designation better ascribed to the dominant culture of the age. To wit, April and Cheryl experience racism and ageism and sexism in the dominant culture and face punishment from that culture at every turn; in fact, there is even a frightening instance wherein April is brutally raped by a gang of men who react explosively when she denies their advances. In this sense, part of the native girl syndrome is to be viewed as an inferior being - emotionally, intellectually, morally - and therefore deserving of such brutal mistreatment."
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Among Native Americans, 2006.
An analysis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effect (FAE) on American Indian reservations.
1,715 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effect (FAE) on American Indian reservations. It discusses the effects of lack of education, proper prenatal care and community resources as some of the immediate factors playing central roles in the perpetuation of gestational drinking on reservations. The paper examines preventative approaches that are evolving and being used on American Indian reservations.
Table of Contents:
Facts About FAS
Prevention
Treatment Options
Cultural Considerations
In Conclusion
From the Paper
"Alcohol produces more significant neurobehavioral effects in the fetus than other drugs, including marijuana, cocaine and heroin (NOFAS, 2005). Additionally, current studies indicate that no amount of alcohol is safe for consumption by an expectant mother. This contradicts recent information suggesting the calming effect of a glass of wine for the mother was harmless to the baby inside. In fact, occasional drinks as well as sporadic binge drinking can cause detrimental damage to the unborn child. A number of organizations founded within the last 10-15 years focus on prevention of FAS and other drug related birth defects."
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Native and Non-native Tensions in Canada, 2005.
An analysis of the argument between native and non-native Canadians over claims of land.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the land claims of the aboriginal people of Canada. The paper discusses the history over the struggle between native and non-native Canadians, in regards to their struggle over land, fishing and hunting rights upon property in the country for many years. The paper presents the argument of the aboriginal people and the counter-claim of those non-native Canadians who are opposed to the claim, as well as their solution to the problem.
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"Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems", 2007.
A review of Robin Wall Kimmerer's article, "Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems".
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly reviews Robin Wall Kimmerer's 2000 article, "Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems" and highlights the article's main points as well as how it approaches the broad concept of ethno-ecology. More importantly, the paper also touches upon how the article approaches the linkage of local and/or traditional knowledge of ecological systems with academic and/or scientific knowledge of those same systems. Finally, the paper discusses the significance of the aforementioned linkage as it pertains to the future of human beings in the global ecosystem.
From the Paper
"Simply put, Kimmerer's argument is that Native Americans intensively cultivated the land so that it would provide them with sufficient foodstuffs to brave the grueling winter months. While modern-day efforts to restore the ancient biological vitality and bio-diversity of the American woods and ecosystems is a laudable goal, it is not possible without also considering how the natives were able to so successfully manage the world around them. In effect, Kimmerer argues that modern-day conservationists must "heal" their relationship to the land and understand the land spiritually and emotionally as well as intellectually. Less abstractly, Kimmerer states that twenty-first century man must adopt the "site-specific" or "diachronic" knowledge which well-served Native Americans in the past and which lends itself to successful local site restoration. "
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Native vs. Non-native Anthropology, 2005.
This paper contends that distinctions between native and non-native anthropology are insignificant.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a native anthropologist is one who conducts research in their own society whereas a regular anthropologist conducts research in any society. The paper considers how some would argue that there should be a distinction. This paper presents the hypothesis that the distinctions between native and regular anthropology do not matter. To support this argument, the work of the following two anthropologists is considered; Vincent Crapanzano, who is considered a Native anthropologist because he is doing research in his own society and Anne Allison, an American doing research in Japan.
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Boys vs. Girls; Girls and Boys, 2008.
This paper provides a literary analysis of Alice Munro's novel "Found Boat" and focuses on the dilemma raised regarding boys versus girls.
1,212 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Munro's short story is about two young preteen girls, Eva and Carol, and their quest to be noticed by the uninterested boys. The writer discusses that Munro effectively manipulates the obscure rules of pre-teenagers to create the dilemma where Eva and Carol try to attract the other boys' attention using a boat they found.Through Munro's excellent understanding of the preteen rational, the author creates a dilemma for the young Eve and Carol to search the attention they seek, and in turn expresses the reality of such a fragile time period as the preteen years. The writer maintains that it is important that authors like Munro reminds readers of a time with simple rules so people can escape back to that certain time through the artistry of their fictional works.
From the Paper
"It is commonly understood that society abides by a strict unwritten law, and through the various stages of life those rules change drastically. For example, as children: the rules state that a boy and a girl are mutual and utter enemies, but as the children enter the preteen marker, the rules seem to change completely. Eventually, both sexes find themselves fascinated with one another. Yet, by the mandate of puberty, this change does not happen simultaneously, it is the female that goes through these mind and body changes first, and as a result a young preteen girl might start finding interest in the opposite sex but not get the same interest back. Author Alice Munro surely understands this concept and uses it as a palette to paint her short story, "The Found Boat"."
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Down Syndrome, 2004.
A case study of a little girl with Down Syndrome.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the medical condition known as Down Syndrome, describing it as a congenital state characterized by varying degrees of mental retardation and multiple defects, especially in the realms of physical manifestations. The paper discusses Down Syndrome through a case study of nine-year-old Brittany who was born with the most common features and defects associated with the disorder. The paper explains how, as a child afflicted with Down Syndrome, Brittany has learned to cope with her disability and blend in with the rest of her family and with society.
From the Paper
"A number of abnormal events or mistakes can occur during meiosis that can radically affect the growth and development of the embryo. Some of these mistakes can lead to Down Syndrome which ?usually results from what is called nondisjunction or a failure of one pair of chromosomes to separate evenly during meiosis? (Lubec, 1999, 178). In nondisjunction, one daughter cell receives 24 chromosomes and the other cell 22 which cannot survive and cannot be fertilized, due to missing an entire chromosome. When this occurs, the resulting fertilized egg has 47 chromosomes instead of the normal 46. This is often referred to as a trisomy (three chromosomes), and in Down Syndrome, it is the number 21 chromosome that does not separate properly. Most specialists and researchers today refer to this as Trisomy 21, another term for Down Syndrome."
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Dysmetabolic Syndrome, 2004.
Discusses the syndrome known as dysmetabolic syndrome, once more commonly referred to as insulin resistance.
1,533 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a brief history of the study of dysmetabolic syndrome, a clinical picture of the syndrome, including what health factors predispose a person to the problem, and a discussion on the importance of risk markers for dysmetabolic syndrome. The paper also touches upon primary complications that arise from the syndrome.
From the Paper
"Although it began to be studied more than 20 years ago, some put that time frame as the beginning of understanding the syndrome; since then, knowledge has increased greatly. These days, we know that 92% of patients with Type II diabetes are insulin-resistant. Of more concern is that patients may display some insulin resistance up to ten or twelve years before being diagnosed with diabetes. Of still greater concern is this: some people are never diagnosed with diabetes and may die from stroke, myocardial infarction or other cardiovascular events. This could be a considerable number. There is speculation that one in four patients in the average physician?s waiting room is insulin resistant to some degree. In fact, as many as 30 million U.S. citizens may be insulin resistant."
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Turner Syndrome, 2007.
This paper discusses Turner Syndrome, a disorder characterized by short stature and slow growth among girls.
2,445 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer relates that, in 1938, Dr. Henry Turner acknowledged the pattern of short stature and inadequate sexual maturation in other than normal females. The writer explains that this pattern has been accorded the name of Turner Syndrome after the name of Dr. Turner. The writer points out that girls suffering from Turner Syndrome normally are short in height and notes that the presence of Turner Syndrome inhibits proper development of the ovaries, thereby adversely influencing the sexual development of the girl. The writer also looks at ailments and disabilities connected to Turner Syndrome. The writer concludes that organizations and associations strive to assist individuals with growth related disorders, their families and health care professionals in terms of extensive research and advocacy.
From the Paper
"The short stature and slow growth of a child is determined by many factors that includes, hereditary elements, ailments calling upon kidneys, heart, lungs or intestines, hormone imbalances, severe stress or emotional deprivation, infection in the womb prior to birth, bone ailments, and genetic or chromosomal abnormalities. During 1938, Dr. Henry Turner acknowledged the pattern of short stature and inadequate sexual maturation in other than normal females. This has been accorded the name of Turner Syndrome after the name of Dr. Turner. A Syndrome is typically found to have a combination of features mostly noticed in combination with the others and believed to result from the same cause."
"The researchers have not found out yet as to exactly what causes Turner Syndrome, but they have been confirmed that those are the result of the missing X chromosomes. The effect of the Turner Syndrome varies among the girls in consonance with the influence of such variation of the X chromosomes on the body cells. Girls suffering from Turner Syndrome normally are short in height mostly attaining the average height of about 4 feet 7 inches."
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Stockholm Syndrome and the Case of Shawn Hornbeck, 2007.
A discussion of the Stockholm syndrome with a focus on the case of Shawn Hornbeck and a research proposal for studying this syndrome.
1,833 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case of a kidnapped boy who suffered from the Stockholm syndrome. The paper explains Stockholm syndrome and then looks at what researchers and psychologists have to say about this syndrome. The paper discusses how Shawn Hornbeck was just 11 years old at the time he was abducted (an age when most children still require parental figures) and, as a survival technique, bonded with a man who was not his father but his kidnapper. The paper also notes that the term Stockholm Syndrome was coined in reference to events that happened to adults who were held hostage for just six days. Yet these adults had become emotionally bonded to their captors within those few days. The writer then proposes a method for conducting a meta analysis on existing research of Stockholme syndrome, using a boarding school for field research. The writer concludes that physically removing children from their parents for boarding school causes them to establish a bi-directional emotional bond with the parental substitutes, which tends to confirm the theory that Hornbeck's failure to escape was caused by Stockholm Syndrome, as has been speculated in the media.
From the Paper
"Thus, in terms of this theory, Hornbeck would actually have bonded with Devlin. This bonding would likely have been motivated by his unconscious or conscious assumption that such bonding would increase the chances that Devlin would not kill him. Certainly, the hypothesis that Hornbeck bonded with Devlin is borne out by news reports that the boy had identified himself as Shawn Devlin on internet sites. Taking someone's name is surely a powerful sign of bonding - after all, the most usual time when this occurs is on marriage, which is one of the most significant types of voluntary bonding."
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Tourette's Syndrome, 2006.
A comprehensive study of Tourette's syndrome including symptoms and relief.
2,468 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
In this study the author highlights the main symptoms of Tourette's syndrome and how they can be diagnosed at an early stage. He then goes on to describe the research that has been done associated with this ailment and identifies the drugs that are available. The paper finishes with a positive note describing the creative aspects of the syndrome.
What is Tourette's Syndrome?
What are Tics?
Are any Other Symptoms Associated with Tourette's?
When was Tourette's Syndrome Identified?
What Causes Tourettes Syndrome
How is Tourette's Syndrome Diagnosed?
How Severe or Incapacitating is TS?
What Treatments are Available for TS?
Is There Any New Studies on Tourettes Syndrome?
Are There Any Positive Effects of Tourette Syndrome, Such as Creativity?
From the Paper
"The authors believe that Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder are the result of heightened but selective sensitivity to alterations in the internal milieu of the body and the external environment. It is this sensitivity resulting from an escape from the inhibitory pathways in the brain, which links deep basal ganglionic structures with specific cortical areas. Leckman and Cohen believe that in Tourette's syndrome that this enhanced sensitivity causes the exaggerated, uncoordinated expression of fragments of movement, cognition, and behavior that belong to the repertoire of ordinary, voluntary action in normal people. "
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Canadians and Native Stories, 2003.
A look at answer to Lenore Keeshig-Tobias question of why Canadians are so obsessed with native stories from her essay ?Stop Stealing Native Stories?.
2,043 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes how in her in her essay ?Stop Stealing Native Stories? , Lenore Keeshig-Tobias refers to non-native authors? interest in telling native stories as ?cultural theft? and the ?theft of voice?. In order to comprehensively understand Lenore Keeshig-Tobias' argument, it explores Canadian society and defines and contrasts opinions on what it is to be ?indigenous? to a land. It also looks at the importance of Canada?s well-known native poets ? in particular, Marilyn Dumont and E. Pauline Johnson.
From the Paper
"Another of E. Pauline Johnson?s interests was the depiction of Natives in white literature. The decision to include Natives and the way in which they were portrayed was a topic she explored as a part of her essay, ?A Strong Race Opinion: On the Indian Girl in Modern Fiction?. Marilyn Dumont shows similar interests in her involvement in representing ?part of a new literary trend that encourages indigenous writers to create more realistic images of Native women and ultimately break down the established misrepresentations portrayed in non-Native literature.? (Kobayas) In exploring Natives in non-Native literature in such a way, both Johnson and Dumont are acknowledging that white Canadians do, indeed, write Native stories or perhaps stories with Native characters in them."
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Native-American Totem Poles, 2006.
A review of the Native-American Indian totem pole and it's importance to the culture of Native-American Indians.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the role of the totem pole in the lives of Native-American Indians. The paper first provides a brief history of the totem pole from the perspective of the British explorer, Captain James Cook and then goes on to discuss the history of the totem pole in Native-American Indian culture. The paper then explains the process of creating a totem pole, listing the meaning behind the various symbols.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Totem Pole Significance
The History of the Totem Pole
Steps to Making a Totem Pole
Totem Pole Symbolism
The Great Seal of the US and the Canadian Coat of Arms
Native-American Indian Oral Tradition
The Haida Totem Pole
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
" The Native American Indians did not have a written form of their language and totem pole stories and imagery were shared with the owners of the pole and those who they told. The only meanings which are on record are in cases where the owners of the pole left written record, granted interviews or in cases where the story has been transferred from generation to generation in a story. These stories are referred to as the "oral tradition" which is subject to change and become distorted over time.
According to the website of the Manataka American Indian Council: The Native American Indians placed the totem pole at the front entrance of the family's longhouse for honoring the clan's ancestors, to record the clan's standing, rights and accomplishments, in memoriam of a ceremony or spiritual experience and contains the symbolism of the qualities, experience, and exploits of the family clan. (Manataka American Indian Council, 2006)"
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Feminism in Native America, 2007.
An analysis of feminism in Native America and its impact on native communities.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses feminism in Native America. It begins by describing various forms of feminism and discussing three waves of feminism. It then links feminism in Native America to the third wave, which includes ecofeminism, postcolonial feminism, generational, youth feminism and embodiment, nature, culture and dualism. The paper goes on to discuss the implications of this form of feminism on the native communities.
From the Paper
"Regardless of its origins in Native communities, sexism operates with full force today and requires strategies that directly address it. Smith believes that before Native peoples fight for the future of their nations, they must decide who is included in the nation. Gender justice is often articulated as being a separate issue from issues of survival for indigenous peoples, and such an understanding presupposes that "we could actually decolonize without addressing sexism, which ignores the fact that it has been precisely through gender violence that we have lost our lands in the first place," argues Smith."
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