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The Native Americans of Southern New England, 2002.
A history of the life of the Native American Indians in Southern New England.
1,911 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the first peoples of Southern New England were the American Indians and how their lives were radically altered during the 17th century as their culture came into conflict with that of the Europeans. It examines the original culture of the area and looks at what made the region attractive to the Europeans who displaced the natives. It explores how the final outcome of European incursions into the area was the result of the traditional native settlement patterns and the ways in which these interacted with the specific goals of the Europeans. It shows how the displacement (and often murder) of Native Americans by European and later white Americans tends to be treated as if it were all a single phenomenon when in fact the displacement of natives by whites varied from place to place and across time depending on the specific cultures that came together with the desire to occupy the same land.
From the Paper
"Indians of this region, as noted above, certainly supplemented their food collection activities with horticulture. The major crops of the natives of this region were maize, kidney beans, squash, Jerusalem artichokes and tobacco. These were planted in fields from which the smaller plants had been cleared and the trees cut down (the stumps removed when the roots died). Spades were made of hardwood to help in the cultivation and fish were used as fertilizer (although this practice may have been borrowed from the Europeans)."
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Native Americans of New England, 2002.
A discussion of how the first European settlement of Southern New England disrupted the Native American culture of the regions.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, £ 43.95
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Abstract
Discusses how the first European settlement of Southern New England disrupted the Native American culture of the region. Differing structures and social systems of Indian & European cultures. King Philip's War (1675-1676). The issue of land ownership, and scarcity of good, arable land leading to friction and eventual violence.
From the Paper
"Southern New England was the home to a complex civilization when some of the first European settlers to the New World came to the area that is southern and eastern Massachusetts, the eastern part of New Hampshire, Rhode Island and most of Connecticut. Although there were regional differences throughout this area caused by differences in the environment as well as by the inevitable differentiation of people into subcultures, this region was unified by what can be viewed into a single cultural group. That culture -- along with the lives of individual American Indians -- would be in large measure destroyed during the 17th century as their culture came into conflict with that of the Europeans.
This paper takes as its focus the culture of the Native Americans of Southern New England and also why it was so terribly..."
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Massachusetts Native Americans, 2005.
This paper discusses the European religious assertion, which were made upon the Massachusetts Native Americans.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the conversion of Native Americans to Christianity within Massachusetts as asserted by the Puritans. The author points out that, from the beginning, the religious refugees from Europe into the New World, the majority of whom ironically had left England because they were religious or otherwise social outcasts, attempted to make this world a reflection of their own ideals. The paper relates that their most intense focus for religious conversion (and thus, promulgation) were the Native Americans.
From the Paper
"European religious assertion upon Native Americans is a fact of American history. From the beginning, the religious refugees from England, the Netherlands, Germany, and Spain who fled to the New World had attempted to make their world a reflection of their own ideals. Ironically, the majority of colonists left England because they were religious or social outcasts. Instead of seeing themselves as the meek, once "freed" to the North American continent, they began to assert themselves in grand fashion. While their efforts occasionally changed another's mind, their most intense focus for religious conversion (and thus, promulgation) were the Native Americans. It is the intent of this paper to examine the conversion of Native Americans to Christianity within Massachusetts over the course of time. The Puritans were an agricultural people. Initially, all successful colonizing efforts from the "old" world were agricultural. "
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The American Colonies and England, 2007.
This paper describes the relationship between the American colonies and England.
1,448 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the relationship of the American colonies to England prior to the Revolutionary War. The author attempts to do this from both the American perspective and that of the British, showing that the relationship between the colonies and England benefitted both sides. The author believes, however, that the main reason for the breakup that occurred between the American colonies and the Empire was the increase of taxes and contributions to the royal Reserve. Additionally, the author shows how the political thought of the time and various acts of legislation also contributed to the break-up.
From the Paper
"The Seven Years War represented a trying moment in the history of the relations between the American colonies and the British. Every colony, throughout the war was forced to offer assistance to the fighting troops; consequently, the US did back Britain in its quest for victory against the French but at the same time gave rise to a serious conflict between them. The British genera opinion was that the colonies should, in their turn contribute to the increase in revenue seeing that they benefited from the protection of the empire."
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American Colonists vs. England, 2007.
A brief history of the conflicts leading to the American War of Independence.
908 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This short paper examines the societies in England and the American colonies in the period before the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). It provides a brief examination from an historical and sociological perspective of the causes and the circumstances surrounding the conflict. It also cites specific legislation passed by the British Parliament as leading to the outbreak of hostilities known as the American War of Independence.
From the Paper
"The British Empire had been expanding since the late 16th century, which brought much wealth to the country as well as "luxury" items such as sugar and coffee (from the East Indies), tea from India, and slaves from Africa. An agricultural revolution had started that was a precursor of the Industrial Revolution and urbanization. The increasing wealth had also widened the gap between the rich and the poor and the introduction of mechanized agriculture had forced many rural workers to the cities. The population of Britain reached 5.7 million by 1750 and this time it was sustained and poised to grow further by the greater food production made possible by the Agricultural Revolution. Although it was a time of upheaval throughout Europe, the British society remained relatively calm in part due to the increasing wealth and memories of its damaging Civil War in the 17th century. ("History of British Society," 2006)"
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Native and Non-native Tensions in Canada, 2005.
An analysis of the argument between native and non-native Canadians over claims of land.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the land claims of the aboriginal people of Canada. The paper discusses the history over the struggle between native and non-native Canadians, in regards to their struggle over land, fishing and hunting rights upon property in the country for many years. The paper presents the argument of the aboriginal people and the counter-claim of those non-native Canadians who are opposed to the claim, as well as their solution to the problem.
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"Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems", 2007.
A review of Robin Wall Kimmerer's article, "Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems".
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly reviews Robin Wall Kimmerer's 2000 article, "Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems" and highlights the article's main points as well as how it approaches the broad concept of ethno-ecology. More importantly, the paper also touches upon how the article approaches the linkage of local and/or traditional knowledge of ecological systems with academic and/or scientific knowledge of those same systems. Finally, the paper discusses the significance of the aforementioned linkage as it pertains to the future of human beings in the global ecosystem.
From the Paper
"Simply put, Kimmerer's argument is that Native Americans intensively cultivated the land so that it would provide them with sufficient foodstuffs to brave the grueling winter months. While modern-day efforts to restore the ancient biological vitality and bio-diversity of the American woods and ecosystems is a laudable goal, it is not possible without also considering how the natives were able to so successfully manage the world around them. In effect, Kimmerer argues that modern-day conservationists must "heal" their relationship to the land and understand the land spiritually and emotionally as well as intellectually. Less abstractly, Kimmerer states that twenty-first century man must adopt the "site-specific" or "diachronic" knowledge which well-served Native Americans in the past and which lends itself to successful local site restoration. "
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Native vs. Non-native Anthropology, 2005.
This paper contends that distinctions between native and non-native anthropology are insignificant.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a native anthropologist is one who conducts research in their own society whereas a regular anthropologist conducts research in any society. The paper considers how some would argue that there should be a distinction. This paper presents the hypothesis that the distinctions between native and regular anthropology do not matter. To support this argument, the work of the following two anthropologists is considered; Vincent Crapanzano, who is considered a Native anthropologist because he is doing research in his own society and Anne Allison, an American doing research in Japan.
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Native Americans of Southern New England, 2002.
An examination of the indigenous culture in the 16th and 17th centuries.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, £ 43.95
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Abstract
Examines the indigenous culture in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Horticulture activities. Their food supply, housing, socials units, cultural & political practices. King Philip's War of 1675 as reaction to white colonial settlements and threat to traditional Native Ameican economic and cultural activities. Issue of land and displacement of natives by whites.
From the Paper
"Introduction
The first peoples of Southern New England was essentially unified by a single cultural group. The lives of these American Indians would be radically altered during the 17th century as their culture came into conflict with that of the Europeans. This paper examines that original culture of the area, then looks at what made this region attractive to the Europeans who displaced the natives and then explores how the final outcome of European incursions into this area was the result of the traditional native settlement patterns and the ways in which these interacted with the specific goals of the Europeans. While the displacement (and often murder) of Native Americans by European and later white Americans tends to be treated as if it were all a single phenomenon, in fact the displacement of natives by whites varied from place to place and..."
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Julian Barnes' "England, England", 2000.
A discussion about the constructions of reality in Barnes' novel, "England, England".
2,185 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 1 source, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Julia Barnes' somewhat cynical view of reality as a human construction in her novel "England, England". The paper focuses on the characters' attempts to cope with reality and their desire to look past the constructions in their own and others' lives.
From the Paper
"In "England, England", Julian Barnes theorizes that what people perceive to be reality is merely a construction. He argues that people create this construction for themselves because of a desire to simplify their lives. What people consider to be true memories and actual history are distortions, no more real than stories, except in that people believe these memories and histories to be real."
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Constructions of Reality in Julian Barnes' "England, England", 2000.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 1 source, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the theme of make-believe reality in Julian Barnes' "England, England", which is presented through the character of Martha. The question posed is whether there even is such a thing as objective reality, and whether, if there is, it can satisfy anyone, and the conclusion appears to be that people ultimately prefer a constructed reality.
From the Paper
"At the beginning of the novel, Barnes sets up the idea that reality, as people think of it, is constructed. Martha reasons: ?If a memory wasn?t a thing but a memory of a memory of a memory, mirrors set in parallel, then what the brain told you now about what it claimed had happened then would be colored by what had happened in between? (6). She continues by reasoning that ?an element of propaganda, of sales and marketing, always intervened between the inner and the outer person? (7). While a person may claim that he/she remembers something clearly, he/she has actually filtered and changed around the memory, infusing it with an element of make-believe."
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Canadians and Native Stories, 2003.
A look at answer to Lenore Keeshig-Tobias question of why Canadians are so obsessed with native stories from her essay ?Stop Stealing Native Stories?.
2,043 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes how in her in her essay ?Stop Stealing Native Stories? , Lenore Keeshig-Tobias refers to non-native authors? interest in telling native stories as ?cultural theft? and the ?theft of voice?. In order to comprehensively understand Lenore Keeshig-Tobias' argument, it explores Canadian society and defines and contrasts opinions on what it is to be ?indigenous? to a land. It also looks at the importance of Canada?s well-known native poets ? in particular, Marilyn Dumont and E. Pauline Johnson.
From the Paper
"Another of E. Pauline Johnson?s interests was the depiction of Natives in white literature. The decision to include Natives and the way in which they were portrayed was a topic she explored as a part of her essay, ?A Strong Race Opinion: On the Indian Girl in Modern Fiction?. Marilyn Dumont shows similar interests in her involvement in representing ?part of a new literary trend that encourages indigenous writers to create more realistic images of Native women and ultimately break down the established misrepresentations portrayed in non-Native literature.? (Kobayas) In exploring Natives in non-Native literature in such a way, both Johnson and Dumont are acknowledging that white Canadians do, indeed, write Native stories or perhaps stories with Native characters in them."
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Feminism in Native America, 2007.
An analysis of feminism in Native America and its impact on native communities.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses feminism in Native America. It begins by describing various forms of feminism and discussing three waves of feminism. It then links feminism in Native America to the third wave, which includes ecofeminism, postcolonial feminism, generational, youth feminism and embodiment, nature, culture and dualism. The paper goes on to discuss the implications of this form of feminism on the native communities.
From the Paper
"Regardless of its origins in Native communities, sexism operates with full force today and requires strategies that directly address it. Smith believes that before Native peoples fight for the future of their nations, they must decide who is included in the nation. Gender justice is often articulated as being a separate issue from issues of survival for indigenous peoples, and such an understanding presupposes that "we could actually decolonize without addressing sexism, which ignores the fact that it has been precisely through gender violence that we have lost our lands in the first place," argues Smith."
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Native-American Totem Poles, 2006.
A review of the Native-American Indian totem pole and it's importance to the culture of Native-American Indians.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the role of the totem pole in the lives of Native-American Indians. The paper first provides a brief history of the totem pole from the perspective of the British explorer, Captain James Cook and then goes on to discuss the history of the totem pole in Native-American Indian culture. The paper then explains the process of creating a totem pole, listing the meaning behind the various symbols.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Totem Pole Significance
The History of the Totem Pole
Steps to Making a Totem Pole
Totem Pole Symbolism
The Great Seal of the US and the Canadian Coat of Arms
Native-American Indian Oral Tradition
The Haida Totem Pole
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
" The Native American Indians did not have a written form of their language and totem pole stories and imagery were shared with the owners of the pole and those who they told. The only meanings which are on record are in cases where the owners of the pole left written record, granted interviews or in cases where the story has been transferred from generation to generation in a story. These stories are referred to as the "oral tradition" which is subject to change and become distorted over time.
According to the website of the Manataka American Indian Council: The Native American Indians placed the totem pole at the front entrance of the family's longhouse for honoring the clan's ancestors, to record the clan's standing, rights and accomplishments, in memoriam of a ceremony or spiritual experience and contains the symbolism of the qualities, experience, and exploits of the family clan. (Manataka American Indian Council, 2006)"
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