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Native Americans and the Colonists, 2007.
This paper explores the differences in belief systems of the Native Americans and European colonists.
1,736 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the differing beliefs and outlooks of the Native Americans versus the European Colonists in the early 1600s. This author evaluates their differing views on such topics as technology, religion, the environment, women's rights, and slavery. The paper gives an honest appraisal of both sides' views and prejudices about the other. The author concludes that these base differences between the two sets of peoples, the Europeans and the Native Americans, were what sparked the distrust held by both nations that endured for hundreds of years.
From the Paper
"The European colonists and the Native Americans of North American had very different views on nearly everything they encountered in their lives. Living in vastly different cultures lead both groups to generally have two extremely different outlooks on four main topics; religious beliefs, the environment, social relations, and slavery, differences which the colonists used this to their advantage when conquering the peoples of the New World."
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Native Americans, 2004.
This paper discusses the past history and present condition of Native American tribes.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Native American tribes lost sovereignty over their lands, which were considered sacred to them, because the colonists and, later, the U.S. wanted the valuable resources on the land and needed the space for their own populous growth. The author explains that the constant uphill battle to gain independence has led to many Native Americans feeling abandoned by the government as they try to improve their reservations and preserve their history and ancestors? way of life. The paper relates that there are very few present day ?heroes? for a young Native American growing up in a poverty-stricken area of a struggling reservation.
From the Paper
"Native American communities not only struggle with high levels of unemployment and poverty, but are also affected by alcoholism, depression, obesity, and other health and mental health related issues that far exceed any other minority in the United States. This is startling to imagine that a whole community of people is affected by such difficulties, solely because they are unable to gain their own independence. Some may argue that there are other factors that contribute to these facts, but it is a vicious circle, enabled by a system of government that is more interested in their own economic gains and livelihood."
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Immigrant versus Native Americans, 2008.
This paper looks at the relationship between natives and new colonists from the colonial period.
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the colonial Americans were clearly a population in conflict with a multitude of conflicting populations as well as objects. The writer notes that the colonists were in conflict with the land, which they did not yet understand, as well as the native peoples of the land, which they had chosen to become at least their temporary home, in the name of European progress and wealth. The writer points out that the conflicts, of which there were many, with native Americans were frequently difficult and bloody and in fact marked one of the greatest obstacles associated with European dominance of the new found colonies. The neighbors having been provoked by bad behavior in the past, would likely see and treat the new colonists with the same regard, tentatively trading with them to gain goods they had become dependent upon but at the same time never letting down their guard to the potential for treachery. The writer concludes that the native populations and the colonists then were in a continual dance of shaking hands at full arms length, in need of each other but unwilling to come any closer.
From the Paper
"The colonists therefore resolved the conflict between themselves and natives, by placing the responsibility for collective communication upon the natives, and assuming all others, those who did not come to them first were in need of cajoling, either by means of warfare or dominance by dependence.
"Though in retrospect, some observers of the colonial experience, such as Raynol, recognized the error of assuming superiority over natives and removing them from the land with brute force and physical dominance was unethical at the very least, there is also a clear sense that this is retrospective and Raynol, did not have to live there. The pillage and plunder mentality and action, did not always succeed, though and there were clearly some who learned from the failings of others, in the conflict with the native populations."
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Treatment Of Native Americans, 1600-1820, 1999.
Examines the nature of American-Indian culture, the biased policy of European colonists, land appropriation, negotations and treaties, violence and sovereignty.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, £ 49.95
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From the Paper
"The treatment of Native Americans by whites in America during the period 1600-1820 illustrates the problems that can develop when people with different cultures come together. When Europeans first reached North America, they found hundreds of Native Americans tribes occupying a land abundant with natural resources. The whites had virtually no respect for the spiritual, cultural, and intellectual riches of the people they referred to as Indians. Whites believed they had "discovered" a new world which was their destiny to dominate. They quickly set about altering the way of life of indigenous people. For the Indians, the consequences of their interaction with whites has most often been tragic.
Prior to the 18th century, there was no national policy on Indians simply because the American nation had not yet come into ..."
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American Colonists vs. England, 2007.
A brief history of the conflicts leading to the American War of Independence.
908 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This short paper examines the societies in England and the American colonies in the period before the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). It provides a brief examination from an historical and sociological perspective of the causes and the circumstances surrounding the conflict. It also cites specific legislation passed by the British Parliament as leading to the outbreak of hostilities known as the American War of Independence.
From the Paper
"The British Empire had been expanding since the late 16th century, which brought much wealth to the country as well as "luxury" items such as sugar and coffee (from the East Indies), tea from India, and slaves from Africa. An agricultural revolution had started that was a precursor of the Industrial Revolution and urbanization. The increasing wealth had also widened the gap between the rich and the poor and the introduction of mechanized agriculture had forced many rural workers to the cities. The population of Britain reached 5.7 million by 1750 and this time it was sustained and poised to grow further by the greater food production made possible by the Agricultural Revolution. Although it was a time of upheaval throughout Europe, the British society remained relatively calm in part due to the increasing wealth and memories of its damaging Civil War in the 17th century. ("History of British Society," 2006)"
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Puritan Colonists and American Indians, 2006.
This paper looks at the history of the Puritan colonists and the American Indian tribes.
1,830 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This article looks at the meeting of the two different cultures of the Puritan colonists and the Native Americans. The writer states that in order to understand how the Indian tribes and the colonial settlers interacted, one firstly has to understand something about the basic differences of culture and attitudes between the two different groups. One of the most important facts with regard to Native American cultures, one which many people do not realize, is that there was no Indian national unity. Rather the Indian tribes were essentially separate and went their own way; with many differences in social customs and perceptions between the different tribes. The writer describes that this explains much of the confusion and misunderstanding that took place when the two cultures met. This is especially true when it comes to the reaction of the white settlers who often saw the Indian tribes as a unified threat against their existence.
From the Paper
"On the other hand there was a very different cultural perspective from the settler's point of view. The white colonists were used to thinking in terms of national and social unity. They therefore tended to assume that the Native Americans were a unified threat and were therefore suspicious of the Indian tribes. Therefore many Native Americans would encounter hostility and fear when they first met the colonists that would also create a sense of uncertainly and suspicion among the Indians.
A further aspect that would have influenced the relationships and contacts between the two groups was the idea of private property. Generally the Native Americans did not have a concept of private property, but rather believed in sharing what they had with others. The colonists, being unaware of this different attitude, would have been suspicious and would have feared that their property was in danger."
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Native and Non-native Tensions in Canada, 2005.
An analysis of the argument between native and non-native Canadians over claims of land.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the land claims of the aboriginal people of Canada. The paper discusses the history over the struggle between native and non-native Canadians, in regards to their struggle over land, fishing and hunting rights upon property in the country for many years. The paper presents the argument of the aboriginal people and the counter-claim of those non-native Canadians who are opposed to the claim, as well as their solution to the problem.
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Native vs. Non-native Anthropology, 2005.
This paper contends that distinctions between native and non-native anthropology are insignificant.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a native anthropologist is one who conducts research in their own society whereas a regular anthropologist conducts research in any society. The paper considers how some would argue that there should be a distinction. This paper presents the hypothesis that the distinctions between native and regular anthropology do not matter. To support this argument, the work of the following two anthropologists is considered; Vincent Crapanzano, who is considered a Native anthropologist because he is doing research in his own society and Anne Allison, an American doing research in Japan.
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"Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems", 2007.
A review of Robin Wall Kimmerer's article, "Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems".
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly reviews Robin Wall Kimmerer's 2000 article, "Native Knowledge for Native Ecosystems" and highlights the article's main points as well as how it approaches the broad concept of ethno-ecology. More importantly, the paper also touches upon how the article approaches the linkage of local and/or traditional knowledge of ecological systems with academic and/or scientific knowledge of those same systems. Finally, the paper discusses the significance of the aforementioned linkage as it pertains to the future of human beings in the global ecosystem.
From the Paper
"Simply put, Kimmerer's argument is that Native Americans intensively cultivated the land so that it would provide them with sufficient foodstuffs to brave the grueling winter months. While modern-day efforts to restore the ancient biological vitality and bio-diversity of the American woods and ecosystems is a laudable goal, it is not possible without also considering how the natives were able to so successfully manage the world around them. In effect, Kimmerer argues that modern-day conservationists must "heal" their relationship to the land and understand the land spiritually and emotionally as well as intellectually. Less abstractly, Kimmerer states that twenty-first century man must adopt the "site-specific" or "diachronic" knowledge which well-served Native Americans in the past and which lends itself to successful local site restoration. "
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The Legitimacy of the Indian Wars, 2008.
A review of the conflicts between native Americans and colonists.
2,372 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the conflicts between native Americans and colonists in terms of the moral legitimacy of warfare. The paper states that the end result of these conflicts are clear; it led to the deaths of thousands of native Americans and the eventual disappearance of the majority of the native American tribes within North America. The paper argues that the results were disastrous for the native Americans, however on further examination, it becomes evident that the Indian wars qualify as a just war.
From the Paper
"In order to determine the legitimacy of the Indian Wars, a context for understanding the agents of action within the war must be developed. The Indian Civil War occurred in parallel to the American Civil War. The conflict began in the wake of the French and Indian War. The British, after acquiring the significant amount of territory ceded by the French dictated that settlements were forbidden west of the Appalachian Mountains. This policy was made to ensure that conflicts between the Native Americans and colonists would not continue to persist. However, due to pressure from the colonists, the British negotiated a treaty with the Iroquois in 1768 to allow for colonial expansion beyond the Ohio River."
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Settlers and Natives, 2006.
An examination of the relations between the early American settlers and the Native-Americans.
1,158 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the relationship between the early American settlers (colonists) and the Native-Americans who lived in the places that the colonists settled. It also discusses the information provided in the journals and memoirs of the colonists. The paper specifically focuses on "A Key into the Language of America" by Roger Williams and "The Voyages of Samuel de Champlain" by Samuel de Champlain.
From the Paper
"As the old saying goes, the road to hell is paved with good intentions. This could definitely be applied to the European explorers who, while colonizing the North American continent essentially wiped out the Native American culture in their attempt to evangelize, modernize, and civilize. Most explorers had the view that the natives were savage and unclean and would actually be helped by the European influence. While some explorers and colonists maintained this view, some, like Roger Williams and Samuel de Champlain, actually attempted to understand the culture and work together in peace. In Williams' A Key into the Language of America the reader finds that Williams had a sympathetic attitude towards the Native Americans. Williams makes the argument that the explorers and not the natives were the savages. French explorer Champlain also understood the importance of working with the natives, not against them. In Champlain's journals; The Voyages of Samuel de Champlain, he often speaks about setting up trading posts and making peace with the Native American tribes."
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Canadians and Native Stories, 2003.
A look at answer to Lenore Keeshig-Tobias question of why Canadians are so obsessed with native stories from her essay ?Stop Stealing Native Stories?.
2,043 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes how in her in her essay ?Stop Stealing Native Stories? , Lenore Keeshig-Tobias refers to non-native authors? interest in telling native stories as ?cultural theft? and the ?theft of voice?. In order to comprehensively understand Lenore Keeshig-Tobias' argument, it explores Canadian society and defines and contrasts opinions on what it is to be ?indigenous? to a land. It also looks at the importance of Canada?s well-known native poets ? in particular, Marilyn Dumont and E. Pauline Johnson.
From the Paper
"Another of E. Pauline Johnson?s interests was the depiction of Natives in white literature. The decision to include Natives and the way in which they were portrayed was a topic she explored as a part of her essay, ?A Strong Race Opinion: On the Indian Girl in Modern Fiction?. Marilyn Dumont shows similar interests in her involvement in representing ?part of a new literary trend that encourages indigenous writers to create more realistic images of Native women and ultimately break down the established misrepresentations portrayed in non-Native literature.? (Kobayas) In exploring Natives in non-Native literature in such a way, both Johnson and Dumont are acknowledging that white Canadians do, indeed, write Native stories or perhaps stories with Native characters in them."
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Feminism in Native America, 2007.
An analysis of feminism in Native America and its impact on native communities.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses feminism in Native America. It begins by describing various forms of feminism and discussing three waves of feminism. It then links feminism in Native America to the third wave, which includes ecofeminism, postcolonial feminism, generational, youth feminism and embodiment, nature, culture and dualism. The paper goes on to discuss the implications of this form of feminism on the native communities.
From the Paper
"Regardless of its origins in Native communities, sexism operates with full force today and requires strategies that directly address it. Smith believes that before Native peoples fight for the future of their nations, they must decide who is included in the nation. Gender justice is often articulated as being a separate issue from issues of survival for indigenous peoples, and such an understanding presupposes that "we could actually decolonize without addressing sexism, which ignores the fact that it has been precisely through gender violence that we have lost our lands in the first place," argues Smith."
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Native-American Totem Poles, 2006.
A review of the Native-American Indian totem pole and it's importance to the culture of Native-American Indians.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the role of the totem pole in the lives of Native-American Indians. The paper first provides a brief history of the totem pole from the perspective of the British explorer, Captain James Cook and then goes on to discuss the history of the totem pole in Native-American Indian culture. The paper then explains the process of creating a totem pole, listing the meaning behind the various symbols.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Totem Pole Significance
The History of the Totem Pole
Steps to Making a Totem Pole
Totem Pole Symbolism
The Great Seal of the US and the Canadian Coat of Arms
Native-American Indian Oral Tradition
The Haida Totem Pole
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
" The Native American Indians did not have a written form of their language and totem pole stories and imagery were shared with the owners of the pole and those who they told. The only meanings which are on record are in cases where the owners of the pole left written record, granted interviews or in cases where the story has been transferred from generation to generation in a story. These stories are referred to as the "oral tradition" which is subject to change and become distorted over time.
According to the website of the Manataka American Indian Council: The Native American Indians placed the totem pole at the front entrance of the family's longhouse for honoring the clan's ancestors, to record the clan's standing, rights and accomplishments, in memoriam of a ceremony or spiritual experience and contains the symbolism of the qualities, experience, and exploits of the family clan. (Manataka American Indian Council, 2006)"
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