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NAFTA: Does Trade Equal Prosperity?, 2008.
An argument that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has failed to improve the standards of living for North American citizens.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that the 'benefit' of increased trade has failed to usher in a new era of prosperity, of higher incomes, more jobs and better standards of living for all North American citizens. The paper asserts that the assumption that NAFTA would naturally benefit the economy, merely through the activity of an unimpeded and less-restricted market, was ultimately naive. The paper shows how although NAFTA has delivered an increase in trade, wages have not increased, social programs have been cut, working conditions have become worse and employment rates have risen.
From the Paper
"Much has been said about the positive effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement for all of the countries involved, during the time since its original inception. The benefits to trade have been especially lauded, as have other, perhaps originally unintended effects, such as the increased security of borders between the North American partner countries in a time of concern about terrorism. The agreement has also had its critics, however, in Canada, the U.S. and Mexico--critics who argue that the perceived benefits of NAFTA are far outweighed by its costs. Interestingly, critics in each of the countries involved find arguments to reason that their own country has suffered losses due to NAFTA, when one might expect that the less economically and politically powerful countries, Mexico and, to a lesser extent, Canada, would have suffered all of the negative consequences, while the USA would certainly have seen the benefits. This does not seem to be the case, and it is for this reason that it is not possible to portion out the costs and benefits of NAFTA in an absolute way. "
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Canada's Trade Expansion Under NAFTA, 2002.
Investigates the effects of NAFTA on Canada's trade, focusing on the agricultural, energy and automobile industries.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 30 sources, £ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the change in Canadian trade with the United States and Mexico with Canada's trade with the rest of the world. It will also focus on three sectors, namely the agricultural, energy and automotive industries. This will include an outline of the specific NAFTA provisions for these particular industries, an assessment of the changes implied for the industries as a result of the existence of NAFTA and, perhaps most importantly, an analysis of the actual effects of NAFTA on the industries.
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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 2007.
This paper discusses the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the U.S., Mexico and Canada and its impact on the U.S. job market.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 17 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was designed to open up the Canadian, U.S. and Mexican borders to free trade; however, NAFTA's ratification and implementation over the last decade has not had uniform success. The author points out that, while many detractors of NAFTA had predicted that the U.S. economy would run at an overall trade deficit with both Canada and Mexico, they failed to observe that overall exports to these two markets would increase greatly as well. The paper also examines the impact of NAFTA on the U.S. job market and concludes that some of the apparatus within NAFTA's regulatory structure, which allows for negotiation and renegotiation, should be utilized to make adjustments for the economic impact NAFTA has had on the U.S. economy especially on job loss. The paper includes tables on job creation and loss and wage changes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Positive Economic Impact of NAFTA
Negative Economic Impact of NAFTA
Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One industry that has been in decline in the U.S. for many years has been the textile industry. NAFTA's detractors often, supported by the U.S. textile industry itself, belabored this point in arguments against ratification of NAFTA. Cook points out that although NAFTA led to expanded markets for the U.S. textile industry by: 1) the elimination of import duties into Mexico on U.S. produced yarns and cotton, and 2) by mandating that Mexican textile manufacturers actually utilize U.S. yarn and cotton in textiles that are exported to the U.S. and Canadian markets."
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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 2004.
This paper discusses NAFTA, which established a free-trade zone in North America and was signed in 1992 by Canada, Mexico, and the United States. It took effect on Jan. 1, 1994.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that NAFTA immediately removed tariffs on the majority of goods produced by the participating nations and set forth a plan for the gradual elimination, over a period of 15 years, of most remaining barriers to cross-border investment and to the movement of goods and services among the three countries. The author points out that, unlike the United States, Mexico's border communities have benefited from NAFTA, growing almost 10 times as fast as states in Mexico's south, while absorbing the lion's share of foreign investments. The paper concludes that calling NAFTA a ?trade? agreement is misleading; NAFTA is actually an investment agreement because its core provisions grant foreign investors a solid set of new rights and privileges that promote relocation abroad of factories and jobs and the privatization and deregulation of essential services, including water, energy, and health care.
From the Paper
"In 2000, California?s exports to Mexico totaled $14.4 billion, an increase of nearly 18 percent over the previous year, and Texas' shipments grew 5.5 percent to a total of $24.6 billion, according to Commerce Department figures (Lewis, 2004). Meanwhile, the United States continues to lure Mexican workers, many of whom came from rural communities when Mexico opened its markets to subsidized U.S. agricultural goods."
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Analysis Of The North American Free Trade Act ( NAFTA ), 1997.
Analyzes three separate aspects of NAFTA. First examines the history of the trade pact, next the current state of relations among the three trading partners, last the outlook and challenges for the future.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, £ 43.95
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From the Paper
"Analysis of the North American Free Trade Act (NAFTA)
Introduction
The North American Free Trade Act (NAFTA) has been in place in the United States, Canada, and Mexico for more than three years, having been enacted with many loud and vocal concerns expressed by both the Congress and the media (When neighbours embrace..., 1997). NAFTA has been called, rightly so, the most comprehensive trade relationship ever negotiated among friendly countries. NAFTA also will go down in economic history as the first time a developing country has agreed to become a trading partner and opening up its economy to full competition with those countries (Hirsch, 1995).
This analysis will deal with three separate aspects of ..."
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An American Free Trade Area: NAFTA, 2006.
An analysis of whether the NAFTA agreement has lived up to its expectations.
1,583 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses whether the NAFTA agreement has boosted investment and trade as substantially as was promised by the negotiators of the agreement. The paper shows that there are positive results from NAFTA, however, workers, communities and the environment in all three countries (Canada, Mexico and the United States) have also suffered from the agreement's flaws. In summation, the results of the agreement are more negative than positive. But, despite its shortcomings, there is continued hope that the three trading partners can come to a firm, better understanding that recognizes shortcomings and works to eliminate them.
From the Paper
"There are some positive results, however. "The North American Free Trade Agreement has realized its goal of increasing trade between the United States, Mexico and Canada, even though some business sectors have lost ground, U.S. Rep. E. Clay Shaw said Monday. NAFTA, implemented in 1994, lowered trade barriers among the three countries. From 1993 to 2001, trade among the NAFTA nations climbed 109 percent to $622 billion from $297 billion, according to the U.S. Commerce Department. But Shaw acknowledged that some Florida farmers, especially tomato growers, have been damaged by cheaper imports from Mexico. U.S. jobs also have been lost in the textile and apparel industries" (Salisbury 7B). It is the serious inequality of Mexico's income distribution remains a major problem, fundamentally explained by deep educational and cultural factors rather than by specific trade regimes. But if anything, one could argue that trade protection boosts profit margins, reduces the scale of operations of firms, and maintains high unemployment and underemployment rates, thus keeping wages low. Mexico was a heavily protected economy for over six decades and has only been liberalizing its trade for the last 15 years. And NAFTA has only reached its tenth anniversary. There are many steps needed to improve income distribution. Depending on temporary fixes isn't the answer."
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Equal Rights, Equal Obligations, Equal Opportunities, 2000.
This essay discusses women in the military and the law.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the legal basis of the situation of women in the military, and relevant court cases such as Hoyt v. Florida, Taylor v. Louisiana, US vs. St. Clair, Rostker v. Goldberg, Craig v. Boren, and Schlesinger vs. Ballard. Discusses myths and truths regarding women and military service. Argues for equal rights, equal obligations, and equal opportunities within military and civilian spheres.
From the paper:
"Men and women are treated unequally in regards to military service. Men are required to register for the Selective Service when they turn 18, while women are exempt. While women are allowed to perform most jobs in the military, they are still restricted from some combat roles. This gender inequality stems from antiquated notions of female weakness and domesticity, which have no legal validity in our society today. Furthermore, limiting women?s roles in the military violates women?s rights to be full and equal citizens of the United States, with all the privileges, obligations, and duties that carries with it."
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How Equal is Equal Employment Opportunity?, 2002.
A paper which looks at women over the age of 50 in the workforce.
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses inequalities in the workplace, specifically as they affect women and persons over age fifty. The paper discusses how the Equal Opportunity Employment Act should be applied and enforced by employers, as well as methods in which human resources professionals should structure their EEO Policy in accordance with the law.
From the Paper
"America, one of the wealthiest and most powerful countries in the world, foremost in the fight for freedom, justice and equal rights of all people, still has not achieved equal opportunities for certain groups of people on our own home land. Workplace discrimination has prevented certain groups of people from attaining jobs, which they were otherwise qualified for, but were denied on the basis of race, gender, age, ethnicity, religion or disability. Age discrimination is one of the least discussed topics of discrimination; however, it still remains a widely practiced phenomenon."
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Equal Pay for Equal Work, 2004.
This paper discusses that, regardless of everything that has been achieved by women in the workplace, parity in remuneration between the genders is still to be attained.
2,705 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the disparity in remuneration among the sexes and indicates that women, who are engaged full-time work, receive roughly 80% of men?s hourly remuneration. The author stresses that it has been made legally mandatory in the U.S. to apply uniform remuneration for uniform employment to speed up the progression of bringing in parity. The paper points out that a significant factor in the pay disparity is the fact that women are more often engaged in part-time work, which pays less proportionally than the full-time equivalent.
From the Paper
"The major noticeable effects on the remuneration of females are the choice to bear children. Eighty percent of women attain motherhood at certain stages in their life, and twenty five percent of women are engaged in part-time assignments; therefore an increased percentage of women?s life during the earning years is used outside their work. Women, who are the main nurturers for their offspring, are aware of the duties of being a mother while deciding about nature of jobs, and several women prefer occupations where there is more freedom and remunerations are comparatively less. Taking into account those alternatives, weighing the relative salaries of men and women is a misapplication of figures and a vilely deceptive assessment."
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NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), 2002.
A discussion of the pros and cons of NAFTA on the American and global economies.
1,946 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, in 1994, the U.S., Mexico, and Canada signed a treaty that would foster the abuse and neglect of people, the environment, and culture of the North Americans and how it called for all barriers on goods and services between the countries of North America to be phased out by 2009. It shows how, on one hand, this meant a business could move to Mexico, where people who had been out of work for years would work in squalid conditions for next to nothing, and how it also meant laying off hundreds of thousands of hard-working American workers. The paper attempts to demonstrate that NAFTA is detrimental to both U.S. and Mexican economies because it enables the exportation of U.S. jobs and mistreatment of Mexican workers.
Outline
Background
Chronology
NAFTA?s Downside
The Positive Side to NAFTA
Personal View
Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"NAFTA has shown no increase to the Mexican economy though much pollution has been linked to it. There are currently 1,900 malquidoras in Mexico. Studies conducted along the border have shown that large amounts of the pollution can be attributed to raw sewage and wood smoke produced by these factories. Of these 1,900 malquidoras 1,000 produce hazardous waste. Only 30% of these comply with Mexican environmental codes and merely 19% dispose of their toxic waste properly (Donahue). Much of this is inhibited by the Mexican government?s lack of enforcement on the low regulations they have (Lowenstein)."
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Canada and Trade Agreements, 2003.
An analysis of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on the Canadian economy.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how the FTA and the NAFTA help the Canadian economy export and import into the United States?s economy. It also discusses how essential the American economy is for Canada to succeed in the international business arena.
From the Paper
"The Canadian economy is largely affected by the United States economy through the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The North American Free Trade Agreement was an agreement that came into effect on January 1,1995 which involves Mexico, Canada and the United States of America. This agreement has been said to produce 1 billion to 3 billion dollar gains in each country. NAFTA ensures that a certain amount of goods produced and traded between the three countries has to have a minimum percentage of its parts produced in North America."
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Fukuyama on Social Capital and Prosperity, 2002.
A review of Fukuyama's "Trust - The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity" with an emphasis on the relationship between social capital and prosperity.
2,275 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 1 source, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper is an analysis on Fukuyama's work titled, "Trust - The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity". The focus of this analysis will be directed toward the goal of understanding why he thinks that those countries with "greater social capital", will have a greater "industrial structure" in order to better able itself to compete in this economy marked by an increased degree of social and cultural integration. It will be argued that social capital essentially involves a 'decrease' in traditional forms of vertical thinking, and in particular, the patriarchal order of family structure on the one hand, and the paternalism which is witnessed in the form of the social or cultural ethos of strong centrist religions on the other hand.
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American Non-Prosperity, 2007.
An exploration of the 1930s and the 1970s; two decades of relative American non-prosperity.
1,863 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how neither the 1930s nor the 1970s brought prosperity to America and Americans, although for different reasons. The essay discusses how both decades, characterized by economic decline and financial hardship for most Americans, impacted average working-class Americans politically and behaviorally. The paper further discusses how various international events, from 1940 to 1970 impacted American prosperity (and its decline in the 1970s). The paper compares and contrasts the political consequences of economic decline and prosperity from the 1930s to the 1960s, with those of the 1970s.
From the Paper
"Indisputably, the Great Depression, which began with October 29, 1929 stock market crash, also often called "Black Tuesday", and created a need for the subsequent extensive New Deal legislation throughout the 1930's, changed America's public and private sectors, and working-class American citizens' political ideas; personal behavior; and expectations of their government, for the rest of the 20th century and beyond (see "The Great Depression", in Foner, Give Me Liberty, Vol. 2 (Seagull Edition), 2006). First, New Deal legislation and programs of the 1930's substantially altered the existing relationship between working-class American citizens and their government."
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William E. Leuchtenburg's "The Perils of Prosperity", 2005.
This paper is a book report of William E. Leuchtenburg's "The Perils of Prosperity: 1914-1932".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that William E. Leuchtenburg's "The Perils of Prosperity: 1914-1932" traces the development of the United States through the so-called Roaring Twenties and into the early years of the 1930s. The author points out that this book about the 1920s, describes the economic, political, social and cultural elements that created one of the most "liberal" decades in American history. The paper relates that the book was written in the 1950s during perhaps one of the most moralistic decades in recent American history.
From the Paper
"This book was first published in 1958 as a look back on the infamous 1920s. Interestingly enough, the book was written in the 1950s, during perhaps one of the most moralistic decades in recent American history regarding the 1920s, which is arguably the decade in which morals figured very loosely. Nonetheless, Leuchtenburg makes a strong point of not over-moralizing the circumstances of the 1920s, instead choosing to analyze the decade within the context of the historical forces that had a direct hand in creating the social turbulence of which we are all aware. The intent of Leuchtenburg's text is to examine the "years between America's entrance into World War I and the end of postwar prosperity" (Leuchtenburg v)."
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