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NAFTA Vs. the European Union, 2007.
This paper explores continental nationalism and trade policy agendas, focusing on NAFTA and the European Union.
3,071 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at why the countries of the North American zone; Canada, the United States and Mexico joined together as an economic bloc and why European nations chose to re-constitute themselves into a single political and economic bloc after the Second World War. The paper then examines how economic integration between the European and North American countries has been and is pursued. The paper compares NAFTA to the European Union and explores the tensions between the two powerful trading blocs and where their tense relationship appears to be headed.
Outline:
Introduction
The North American Free Trade Agreement
The European Union: Its Origins, its "Unity-Based" Agenda, and its Collective Trade Policy
Comparing NAFTA with the European Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The "official" reasons for the emergence of the North American Free Trade Agreement are stated in Article 102 of the document. Specifically, the document states that all three signatories wish to eliminate barriers in trade and to facilitate the free movement of goods and services across the boundaries of the various territories. Article 102 also makes it clear that NAFTA is meant to promote "fair competition" and to increase investment opportunities for all three nations. As importantly as anything else, the document also delineates that the free trade accord is meant to ensure that intellectual property rights and the enforcement of intellectual property rights is carried out effectively and vigorously in all of the ratifying nations."
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European Union, 2005.
A discussion on the effects of the European Union and its successes.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the European Union has served as a model for international, political and economic integration. The EU has been able to transform the European continent from a diverse, complicated and myriad conglomeration of independent nations, markets and currencies into a unified economic and trade entity which has demonstrated far more success than most experts predicted when it was first established. Due to the success of the EU government form or model, NAFTA has patterned itself in accordance with many EU structural and policy elements.
From the Paper
"The European Union has served as a model for international political and economic integration, for the EU has been able to transform the European continent from a diverse, complicated, and myriad conglomeration of independent nations, markets, and currencies into a unified economic and trade entity which has demonstrated far more success than most experts predicted when it was first established. Because of the success of the EU's government form/model, NAFTA has patterned itself in accordance with many EU structural and policy elements. The European Union and its single currency system were years in the making. Beginning with the Treaty of Rome in 1957, which declared a common European market as a European objective, European states have pursued the common goal."
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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 2005.
This paper investigates the potential relationship of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Canada and the European Union.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
"This paper examines some of the costs and benefits of NAFTA for the Canadian economy. The author evaluates whether or not NAFTA could ever evolve into a more comprehensive alliance along the lines of the European Union. The paper relates that, determining the value of NAFTA to Canada is not a clear-cut case of good or bad.
From the Paper
"There are a variety of benefits and costs for Canada when considering continued participation in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In fact, depending on who is questioned, the risks will alternately outweigh or underscore the benefits that NAFTA has to offer Canada. Determining the value of NAFTA, accordingly, is not a clear-cut case of good or bad. Instead, there are a myriad number of forces at work that can make NAFTA appealing in some instances but not others."
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Profitability in Unionized and Non-Union Companies, 2005.
A look at the impact that a union has on a firm's profit and investment.
893 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and summarizes studies that looked at whether unionized companies were less or more profitable than non-union firms and whether there was less new investment in unionized firms as compared to non-unionized ones. After reviewing the literature, the paper concludes that, while unions generally transfer payment from shareholders to employees, there is a downside to unionization; it may inhibit the very investment needed to run the company.
From the Paper
"As long ago as 1994, researchers were interested in ascertaining whether unionized companies were less or more profitable than nonunion firms, and whether there was less new investment in unionized firms as compared to nonunionized ones. Morgan investigated shareholder risk and rates of return in both sorts of companies during the period 1973-1987. Morgan?s work cited earlier work of Becker and Olson (1989) in which they provided an analysis of differences in shareholder risk and returns in union and nonunion companies, finding that shareholders in more highly unionized companies realized lower rates of return than did shareholders in the nonunion companies. Becker and Olson had further suggested that lower shareholder returns during the 1970s had led management to attempt to limit the extent of unionization during the 1980s in a move to reverse that trend. (Morgan, 1994, unpaged)"
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The EU and NAFTA, 2008.
A comparison of the institutions and policies of the European Union (EU) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
1,529 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly examines the differences and similarities between the European Union (EU) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Specifically, the paper explores the various institutions of each and notes how the EU has in place institutions which seek political and social integration (at least with regards to policy) in a way that NAFTA does not - and probably never will.
From the Paper
"Having mentioned at length the political integration of Europe, some time should be devoted to the legal integration of the continent (and Great Britain). For one thing, the European Court of Justice ensures that all laws promulgated by the council and parliament are interpreted and applied in the same fashion in all member states; at the same time, the Luxembourg Court also ensures that national courts do not give different rulings when confronted with the same legal matters and substantially the same laws - and it works tirelessly to compel EU institutions to follow the letter of the law, as well (Europa, "How is the EU Organized?" sec.4). For its part, the Court of Auditors supervises EU funds and checks to make sure that taxpayer money is not spent illegally or in a profligate manner; the court - also based in Luxembourg - has the right to audit any organization handling EU money (Europa, "How is the EU Organized?" sec.5)."
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Global Economic Integration, 2002.
This paper explores three most important global integration projects: European Union, NAFTA and APEC.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 9 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that the biggest gains have not been through the World Trade Organization, which is a hot-house for trade disputes and empty rhetoric, but through regional movements like the European Union, NAFTA, and on a broader level, APEC. The author concludes that these three arenas are the most important economic integration projects in the international arena.
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Case Study: Non European Union (EU) or European Union, 2008.
Discusses the European Union (EU) and its individual markets as a potential target market for entry by a foreign enterprise as well as a non-member market.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This analysis examines the characteristics of two specific target countries for potential market entry by a foreign enterprise. The two countries examined are a non-EU member country which is Indonesia and an EU member state which is Spain. Additionally, the benefits and disadvantages of such countries vis-a-vis individual company acquisitions or joint venture targets are discussed.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Country Analysis
Overview
Target Country One--Indonesia
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
Target Country Two--Spain
Cultural
Trading Blocs and Related Data
Major Currencies
Fund Repatriation and Exchange Rate Risks
European Union Membership Versus
Non-Membership
The EU Market Environment
Non-EU Market Disadvantages
Business and Commerce in EU Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most important regional trading blocs related to this project are ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). Indonesia reported a trade surplus with Japan of $9,018m, $5,096m with the United States, and $1,958m with China as recently as 2000 which indicative a strong export economy (Indonesia, 2006). These and its other total exports formed the equivalent of $57.4b worth of exports in 2001. Its current account stands at $6,899m and balance on goods of $22,695 while its balance on services totals a deficit of -$10,380m . Regional barriers to trade are minimal."
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NAFTA and the EU, 2005.
This paper looks at NAFTA and the EU and discusses overcoming challenges through unity.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This seven page undergraduate paper examines why geographical proximity is an important factor in the creation of trading blocs such as NAFTA and the EU. In part because of the geographical proximity of the member states of the European Union, the EU has served as a model for international political and economic integration, for the EU has been able to transform the European continent from a diverse, complicated, and myriad conglomeration of independent nations and markets into a unified economic and trade entity which has demonstrated far more success than most experts predicted when the EU was first established.
From the Paper
"Geographical proximity is an important factor in the creation of trading blocs such as NAFTA and the EU. In part because of the geographical proximity of the member states of the European Union, the EU has served as a model for international political and economic integration, for the EU has been able to transform the European continent from a diverse, complicated, and myriad conglomeration of independent nations and markets into a unified economic and trade entity which has demonstrated far more success than most experts predicted when the EU was first established."
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Managing in Union Environment, 1999.
Functions of a union & its advantages for workers. Looking at managing in union & non-union workplaces, alternative internal & external dispute resolutions, ergonomic inspections and labor law.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 16 sources, £ 82.95
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From the Paper
"MANAGING IN A UNION ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
This research examines the issue of managing in a union environment. The findings of this examination are presented in discussions of (1) the role of a labor union, (2) managing in a union versus a non-union environment, (3) applicable laws, and the role of human resources management in a union environment.
Role of A Labor Union
While the impact on the process of determining wage levels remains an important factor with respect to labor union activity, it may no longer be the central factor with respect to these organizations. Further, the ability of labor unions to affect the wage determination process will not be the only factor that ultimately determines whether or not organized labor will continue to.."
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Labor Unions, 2005.
A look at the history of labor unions and the advantages of hiring unionized workers today.
2,231 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how during the nineteenth century, labor organizations focused on ways to strengthen and secure themselves. In contrast, it looks at how today, labor unions are faced with a much different world and how due to the changing environment, companies are realizing a larger economy of scale by becoming part of the global economy. It discusses the role of the labor union as well as the advantages and disadvantages of hiring unionized workers.
Outline
Introduction
Labor Unions of the Past
Labor Unions of Today
What Does a Union Do?
Reasons for Joining a Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The first concern of a labor union is getting members, organizing the unorganized. Every national union carries on organizing activities through a staff of professional organizers. These days the organizers are likely to be well-educated, sophisticated individuals, with a college degree. Although their carefully planned organizing efforts will be aided by rank and file members, union organizers must have the same knowledge of human motivation and skill in communications techniques as any vice-president of marketing. Organizers in a sense are marketing people, marketing the concept of union membership. Companies vulnerable to unionization often have consultants on retainer or experts on staff to forestall or defeat attempts to organize them."
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A North American Monetary Union, 2005.
An exploration of the idea of a monetary union in North America and its impact on the nations associated with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
5,442 words (approx. 21.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 92.95
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Abstract
A single currency in NAFTA has been an issue that has become more frequent today in North America. In determining whether this is a good decision or not it is important to review the pros and cons of having a single currency. This paper analyzes what might be the impact if the nations of the North American Free Trade Agreement were to launch a monetary union policy. The paper also discusses the advantages and disadvantages for each nation and its impact on the economy. Graphs are provided where relevant.
From the Paper
"Some of the Canadian politicians like Courchene and Harris have argued that if Canada creates a monetary union with the United States it would "reduce transaction costs, that is how much it costs to make a certain trade in terms of time. These costs are incurred because of border-related paperwork and the use of two currencies that fluctuate in value against each other. A monetary union would relieve companies of these costs, reduce the paperwork and offer a more stable macro-economic environment allowing for more accurate calculation of profit margins." According to the above statements and research it is apparent that a single currency would be beneficial to MNEs in NAFTA in many different ways especially in terms of financial costs."
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Forming an Economic Union, 2007.
This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of forming an economic union.
3,517 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 22 sources, APA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of forming an economic union, and possibly a monetary union to which members could, subject to conditions, apply to join. Factors such as possible membership, timetable, trade and investment effects, convergence of economies, economic and social consequences and administrative structure are covered briefly, yet concisely. The experiences of the European Union/Monetary Union are used as support for the arguments which are presented in the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the study
The Aim of an Economic Union
The Disadvantages of an Economic Union
Economic Union and the Dilemma of Collective Action
Arguments Against an Economic Union
Advantages for an Economic Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A vital question for the triumph of an economic union is whether the economic union placed by an autonomous, supranational central bank in addition to fiscal (and other) procedures managed by a national government is helpful not only to price-steadiness but also towards economic development. This concern related to an economic union stems mainly from the commencement of the euro during 1999. Since the Euro inception, there has been a constant flow of disapproval concerning the EU'S system for economic union and harmonization. The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) - perhaps, the most well-known aspects of union -- has been constantly criticized by economists as an unimagined, dull and eventually counter-productive procedure that encourages pro-cyclic fiscal procedures, slows down economic revival and harms the durable growth prospective of the EU financial system. In addition, accusation has also been cited, quite frequently, against the incapability of the policy structure to provide a logical policy blend, as well as, laments the deficient of suppleness in policy management (Fitoussi and Creel, 2002)."
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What Are Trade Unions?, 2004.
Describes the different types and functions of trade unions.
3,953 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth study of the various aspects of trade unions. The history, functions, types, and characteristics of trade unions are all discussed. Included in the paper is a comparison of international trade unions, a look at how trade unions influence industrial relations, a discussion of conflict resolution techniques employed by trade unions, and a discussion on collective bargaining.
What Are Trade Unions
How Do Trade Unions Influence Industrial Relations
What Are Industrial Relations
How Does A Trade Union Try To Solve Any Industrial Conflict
What Is Collective Bargaining
The Negotiation Process
From the Paper
"The UK has the oldest Trade Union movements in the world, going back over two centuries, originally designed to secure employment for workers in skilled craft industries. Towards the end of the nineteenth century labourers and unskilled workers were allowed to join. In 1825 an Act was passed allowing trade unions to exist, although this Act limited their right to strike."
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Trade Unions, 2002.
Looks at the development of trade unions in countries of the European Union.
2,031 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the development, function, and future of trade unions in the European Union. In particular, the approaches and strategies taken by the trade unions of Spain and the UK are examined. Finally,the paper touches upon the growing negative opinion of trade unions.
From the Paper
"With regard to the trade unions and their development, the International Labor Organization has done a recent study on the trade unions in Spain. We shall first have a look at the findings of that study before we move on to have an understanding of the Trade Union congress. Spain has the highest rates of accidents in industries, highest number of workers who are temporary, and the highest numbers of unemployed among the countries of the European Union."
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