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The Myth of the Underworld in Homer, Virgil and Ovid, 2002.
A look at the myth of the underworld in these author's epics.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the myth of the underworld in the above three authors. Homer's epic "The Odyssey", Virgil and Ovid's version of the Orpheus myth are discussed. The differences in how authors tell tales are addressed.
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Homer and Virgil, 2005.
A discussion of the themes and plots running throughout Virgil's "Aeneid" and Homer's "Iliad".
1,026 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper compares how each famous epic chronicles the tales of nations, describing both the similarities and the differences. The paper points out that, while the "Aeneid" is fundamentally a positive tale of nation-building, namely, the founding of the city of Rome, the "Iliad" is a tale of nation's imminent destruction, that of Troy, and thus has a far less positive tone towards the theme of war and warfare.
From the Paper
"Neither text is anti-war. The theme of a male's need to prove himself in warfare runs through both texts, as Paris is criticized by Homer's Greeks for his chariness about fighting for Helen's hand, and Aeneas is reproached for dallying too long with the Queen of Carthage, the lovely Dido. However, the "Aeneid" focuses mainly on an individual's positive quest to establish the Roman capital, as opposed to the more disparately focused "Iliad" which chronicles the petty squabbling of the Greeks and Trojans, and the futility, ultimately of their aims to end a conflict that neither side really has much desire to win, given it is over a woman no warrior may enjoy-even her rightful husband has lost his drive for Helen. But the more spare, fierce, and elemental poetic diction of the Greek author stresses the futility of war in contrast to the poetic, elevated language and themes of the "Aeneid." The "Aeneid" also combines themes of travel and romance as well as relationships between men and battle, bringing them to the forefront while in the "Iliad," such wrangling over women are only of interest in terms of how they affect the war and create conflict between men."
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Homer's Odysseus and Virgil's Aeneas, 2002.
A comparison of these two epics.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This three-page undergraduate paper discusses the Greek and Roman protagonists from the epic works of Homer and Virgil. The two characters are very different though they are often contrasted and compared to each other. The similarities lie more in the events of their lives than their personalities.
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Underworld in Ancient Myth, 2006.
A discussion of the theme of underworld in the ancient myths by Homer: "The Odyssey" and "Gilgamesh".
1,547 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 0 sources, £ 34.95
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Abstract
A discussion of how the myths "Gilgamesh" and "The Odyssey", by Homer deal with men who cheat death. Odysseus and Gilgamesh both battle the Gods and win. Gilgamesh, himself is part God, explaining his ability to defeat a God. Odysseus, the archetypal Greek hero, defeats various gods with the help of other God. It shows how Odysseus is granted the help of Zeus and Athena after he demonstrates his bravery by visiting the underworld and escaping. It concludes that both men learn about the proper way to live on earth after visiting the underworld and the visits make them great leaders.
From the Paper
"Gilgamesh was one third man and two thirds god. Due to his special abilities, Gilgamesh felt he was worthy of everyone's praise, and therefore bossed everyone around. The citizens of Uruk were displeased with Gilgamesh's behavior and asked the gods for help. The gods responded by sending a man named Enkidu, who was a double of Gilgamesh. Enkidu lived in the forest with all the animals, and was a wild savage. One day Gilgamesh sent a hunter and a beautiful woman to the forest, planning to distract Enkidu from the animals. The hunter left, and Enkidu and the woman became good friends. Enkidu was turned into a man, and he left with the woman for Uruk."
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Virgil's "Aeneid": Plagiarism or Propensity, 2002.
This essay discusses the differences and similarities in the works of Virgil and Homer.
1,405 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 8 sources, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the idea of whether or not Virgil was a plagiarist of Homer?s works. The author provides criteria for evaluation and specific examples from the texts of "The Iliad", "The Odyssey", and "The Aeneid". It also contains critical views cited from other noted authors.
From the Paper:
"When one studies Virgil?s "Aeneid" in parallel to Homer?s "Odyssey" and "Iliad", similarities will arise. So much so that one would begin to dismiss Virgil as a mere plagiarist, rejecting his talent altogether. Kenneth Quinn, author of the book, "Virgil?s Aeneid: A Critical Description", writes, Virgil?s characters and situations keep reminding us of Homeric characters and situations. His poem expressly recalls Homer?s story and constantly evokes Homer?s conventions. It is my opinion, however, that to study the Aeneid a little deeper is to find Virgil unique and quite separate from Homer and his works."
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Epic Heroic Literature, 2000.
An examination of Greco-Roman (Homer's "Odyssey" and Virgil's "Aeneid") and Indian ("The Ramayana of Valmiki" and "The Mahabharata") epics and how they reflect their cultures' myths, beliefs, and heroic values.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This research will examine four epics from the Greco-Roman and Indian cultures: Homer's Odyssey, Virgil's Aeneid, The Ramayana of Valmiki, and The Mahabharata
From the Paper
"This research will examine four epics from the Greco-Roman and Indian cultures: Homer's Odyssey, Virgil's Aeneid, The Ramayana of Valmiki, and The Mahabharata. The research will discuss the degree to which these epics reflect the heroic context of a given society's past and/or its present concerns.
There appears to be fairly wide agreement among commentators on epic literature and cultural myths that certain consistent patterns of narrative action and treatments of human experience can be discerned across cultures. One is heroic activity in poems that deal with the history, actions, personal development, and destiny of one or more heroic figures. What these heroes do, what is done to them, and their ultimate destiny take on symbolic weight and become determinants of what is valued and distinctive in a culture.
Epic focus on heroes of a mythic past may be relevant to a..."
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Milton and the Ancients, 2004.
A look at how John Milton's "Paradise Lost" was influenced by the classical tradition exemplified by Homer, Virgil, et al.
3,058 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explores John Milton's exposure to classical epics and representations of poets in ancient Greek and Latin literature, from Milton's school days up to the composition of his great epic "Paradise Lost". Among the influences discussed are Homer, Virgil and Ovid, as well as satirists like Petronius and Juvenal. Renaissance influences on Milton's work and self-conception, such as Dante and Spenser, are also discussed.
From the Paper
"To trace the classical tradition to which John Milton was exposed, the nature, and perhaps more importantly, the content and curricula of his education should be examined. First, Milton's education was far closer to the method of instruction used in the classical period than methods used before the Renaissance-or even modern ones. In Milton's day, as in the Roman period, the emphasis was on the seven liberal arts of Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic, Arithmetic, Geometry, Music, and Astronomy, with preference to the first three; the latter four subjects "were honoured more than taught." As a young student at St. Paul's School, London, Milton studied Grammar, Rhetoric, and Logic in Greek and Latin, just as Ovid, for example, had in his Roman Grammar School."
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Creation Myths, 2003.
A look into the similarities and differences of the creation accounts contained in the Bible and the Greek myths of Hesiod and Ovid.
1,255 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
The creation stories of the Bible and the legends written by ancient Greeks Hesiod and Ovid are alike in many respects, but all differ on various issues. The paper explains that the content of the Bible was passed down as oral stories from 2,000 ? 1,500 B.C., but was only written down in 900 B.C. Hesiod wrote in 700 B.C., and Ovid around 8 A.D. The paper shows that the Bible would bear similarities to works of literature that came after it due to the sharing of ideas in literature that was so common at the time.
From the Paper
"Ovid also spoke of multiple ages of man, starting with the perfection of the Golden Age and ending with the horror of the Iron Age. These generations of man were sparked from when either the Creator ?made the divine seed? or Prometheus fashioned the earth into the image of the gods. This corresponds to the idea in Genesis that man was created in God?s image."
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"The Iliad" and "The Aeneid", 2002.
A plot comparison of the murders in Homer's "The Iliad" and Virgil's "The Aeneid".
825 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
A study of two killings of young warriors form the crux of the military drama in the battle between the Trojans and Latins. These killings in Homer's 'The Iliad' and Virgil's 'The Aeneid', despite their similarities, are viewed in entirely different ways from a literary perspective. The Aeneid is in many ways a re-tread of Homer?s Iliad, and Turnus? killing of Pallas is reminiscent of Homer?s Patroklos being cut down in his prime by Hector. In keeping with this comparison, before his death, Pallas begins the battle of Book Ten by helping Aeneas, leading on the battle, and enabling Aeneas to gain a great advantage in the war. This comparison between the two works of literature is also indirectly reinforced when the Latin soldier Liger refers to the great warriors of the Greeks with disdain when taunting the Trojans.
From the Paper
"At the beginning of Book Ten of the Aeneid, Jupiter washes his hands of interfering in the affairs of men. ?What each man does will shape his trial and fortune.? (X.160) This could very well provide an epitaph for the entire chapter. In this chapter, two killings of young warriors form the crux of the military drama in the battle between the Trojans and Latins. But these killings despite their similarities are viewed in entirely different ways from a literary perspective. What does this statement mean? According to the point of view of the ancient Romans, all killing was hardly considered bad or brutal. Warfare and military prowess was a way of life. But not all murders were created equal. This can be seen in a comparison of Aeneas? killing of Lausus (X, 703-832; 943-1141) with Turnus' killing of Pallas (X, 501-702)."
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Strong Heroes and Steady Trees, 2004.
Examines the tree imagery within the epics, "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey", by Homer, and "The Aeneid", by Virgil.
2,640 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
In the three great ancient epics, "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey", by Homer, and "The Aeneid", by Virgil, all three heroes are compared to trees, showing two attributes that the heroes share. Firstly, the paper shows that Achilles, Odysseus, and Aeneas manifest their heroic qualities through tree imagery. Heroic attributes allow heroes to rise to the occasion and tend to display qualities that exceed average human capabilities. While each has a different concept of heroism, the tree imagery shows that the three characters are similar because they possess chivalrous attributes. The paper shows that, secondly, the tree imagery manifests the relationships that each of the characters has with a particular goddess. Like strong trees that are helped by nature, Achilles, Odysseus, and Aeneas, all have powerful attributes, but use the force of a higher power, or a goddess, for assistance.
From the Paper
"The idea of relating Aeneas to an oak tree is interesting. Oak is used for building homes, and although Aeneas does not specifically build Rome, the idea of city development reminds the reader about Aeneas?s heroic duty to discover Rome and also reflects on Aeneas?s stay in Carthage, where he helps build the future rival city of Rome. Also like an oak tree, Aeneas is steadfast and unmoving when listening to Dido?s pleas, managing to remain dedicated to his heroic duty and the gods? wishes. Every heroic action that Aeneas takes is defined by his duty to the gods (for example, leaving Carthage and finding Rome), displaying the heroic nature of duty; duty inspires Aeneas to ?do the right thing.? "
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The Shields of Achilles and Aeneas, 2008.
This paper explores the shields in the "Iliad" by Homer and the "Aeneid" by Virgil.
1,068 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the shields of the two mythical characters, Achilles and Aeneas, of Homer's "Iliad" and Virgil's "Aeneid" respectively. The paper points out the relevant distinctions between the two epic poems and discusses how the characters' shields represent much more than armor; they symbolize their fate.
From the Paper
"The Iliad was written in the 8th or 7th century B.C. in ancient Greece, and attributed to Homer who also wrote the Odyssey. These two epic poems are considered by many scholars as the first European pieces of literature. The Aeneid, on the other hand, was written in the 1st century B.C. by the Latin poet Virgil. The Iliad tells the story of the final year of the siege of Troy by the ancient Greeks, with Achilles withdrawing from the battle in revenge, and leaving Agamemnon to lead the Achaeans into fight against the Trojans. In the Aeneid, Virgil combines the theme of warfare from the Iliad and the theme of wandering that can be found in the Odyssey. The main character, Aeneas, is a hero whose personality and actions were meant to glorify Roman values, and to link the founding of Rome with the legends of Troy."
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Honor in "The Iliad" and "The Aeneid", 2005.
The paper explores the concept of honor in Homer's "The Iliad" and Virgil's "The Aeneid."
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the concept of honor in Homer's "The Iliad" and Virgil's "The Aeneid."
From the Paper
""The Iliad" and "The Aeneid" are undoubtedly two of the greatest epics ever written. They form part of the foundation from which the entire western classical tradition was erected and are considered to be among the world's canonical masterpieces. Both epics are focused on the exploits of a man who is half-god and half-mortal, in "The Iliad" the Greek hero Achilles is the focal point of the narrative; in "The Aeneid" the Roman hero Aeneas is the principal actor."
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"The Odyssey" and "The Aeneid", 2007.
A comparison of the acquisition of power in "The Odyssey" by Homer and "The Aeneid" by Virgil.
1,337 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the concept of power in both "The Odyssey" by Homer and "The Aeneid" by Virgil. The paper suggests that within "The Odyssey", power comes to Odysseus through a combination of bravery, versatility, patience and virtue and the approval of the gods. In contrast, it suggests that in "The Aeneid", power comes to Aeneas through piety and the consequent approval of the gods.
From the Paper
"Further, Aeneas is sincerely rather than falsely or conveniently pious toward the gods, which is another of his strengths. We know this because Aeneas is not ever prompted by Venus, his mother, or by any of the other gods or goddesses that are in the Aeneid to be pious or to display piety. Instead, he is simply deeply, sincerely pious, in all circumstances, good ones and bad ones. Aeneas's piety therefore is eventually noticed by all: gods; goddesses, and mortals. Throughout the Aeneid, Aeneas in fact accomplishes all that he eventually does, as a result of his faith; forbearance; and self-control - qualities that are ultimately substantially rewarded by fate within the poem, and that are major sources of Aeneas's power as well."
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The Role of Women in Ancient Times, 1999.
A look at the roles of women in ancient times through an examination of ancient literature by Hesiod, Sophocles, Aristophanes, Homer, Virgil, and Aristotle.
3,470 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes several pieces of ancient literature in order to shed some light on the roles that women played in ancient times and how they were viewed by society. The paper examines Hesiod's "Theogony" and "Works and Days", Sophocles' "Antigone", Aristophanes' "Lysistrata", Homer's "Odyssey", Virgil's "Aeneid" and Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics". The paper concludes that, while the heroines and major female characters in these ancient works are certainly worth examination and study, it must be remembered that they are unrealistic in the light of normal ancient life, and that in reality women were barely given any attention at all.
From the Paper
"In ancient times, and in ancient Greece most of all, women were usually treated almost as less than human. Men seemed to deal with them as a necessary evil that was kept around for the sole purpose of providing sons. As F.G. Naerebout says, "Whatever else [they] may do - weaving, spinning, directing the female staff - is a pleasant extra (Naerebout 124)." Yet this was not always the case. There are cases in ancient writings where women are shown in a positive light, even cases where women are heroes. Here we shall examine separately each work in which women played a major role, either positive or negative."
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