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The Myth of International Cooperation, 2006.
This paper focuses on three of the largest international organizations in the world, the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA).
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This writer of this paper details the events that led to the creation of NAFTA, NATO and the UN as well as their original goals of preventing war and improving economic issues of trade while helping the world function as a globalized and interrelated unit. The writer contends and explains why these organizations currently function as merely a personification of the very issues that existed before their introduction. This paper details the history of the UN, NATO and NAFTA. NATO was established after WWII, thanks to various European nations and the U.S. The intention of NATO was to band together as a military alliance against the threat of the Soviet Union. This paper looks at NATO since the fall of the Soviet Union, in which many contend the organization has been taken over by U.S. interests. This paper also discusses the world's perception of NAFTA, which is an economically driven alliance between north American nations, with the advantage going to the wealthiest and most powerful member nations. The writer delves into the workings of the UN which has repeatedly been stymied in its efforts to accomplish important international tasks, which are detailed in this paper. This paper also discusses the role of the U.S. as the principle power in all three organizations.
From the Paper
"So, too, many consider NAFTA, an economically driven alliance between North American Nations (principally Canada, the United States, and Mexico) to be equally unbalanced, with the advantage going to the wealthiest and most powerful member nations. In this case, many assert that, although the concept of "free trade" between the North American nations is a good one, in practice the natural imbalance of the alliance proves problematic. For example, many within Mexico complain that the agenda of the United States, and secondarily, Canada overshadows any legitimate concerns that Mexico may have."
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International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism, 2008.
This paper examines the article "The Lessons of International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism: Address to RUSI Conference in Transnational Terrorism, A Global Approach" by Anthony Cordesman.
739 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews "The Lessons of International Cooperation in Counter-terrorism: Address to RUSI Conference in Transnational Terrorism, A Global Approach" by Anthony Cordesman that discusses the need for international cooperation in counter-terrorism efforts. The paper looks at how Cordesman focuses on instances of cooperation and the lack of it in the past. The paper then points out that although Cordesman's work is logical, it is still merely the opinion of one expert on this subject.
From the Paper
"Cordesman's article clearly addresses experts in the field of counterterrorism, through a developed set of points regarding historical lessons that have been learned with regard to the need for international cooperation in counterterrorism efforts and future suggestions about such communications. The author first points out discrepancies in the definition of terrorism that are dependant upon the intent or view of the individual or organization, then moves on to discuss seven points about international communication on counter terrorism."
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International Court of Law, 2002.
An analysis of global terrorism and international cooperation in the war against terrorism.
4,366 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the events of September 11th, provides a detailed description of what happened and sets out the reactions of government leaders around the world who were quick to recognize the need for a coordinated response to the attacks. The paper examines the need for the use of effective international law to combat this global problem.
From the Paper
"On September 11, 2001, four teams of hijackers commandeered four separate planes. Following carefully laid plans made months and even years before, they removed the pilots from the cockpits, and took over flying the planes themselves. The first plane, American Airlines flight #11, crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City at 8:40 AM Eastern time; the second plan, United flight #175, crashed into the south tower of the World Trade Center at 9:05 AM; the third plane, American Airlines #73, crashed into the Pentagon outside of Washington, D.C. at 9:43 AM; but the fourth one crashed in rural Pennsylvania after the passengers, realizing that the United States was under attack, attempted to gain control of the plane. At 10:00 AM, that plane crashed. No one knows exactly what happened on the fourth plane, but it is known that the civilians on that plane thwarted a fourth attack, probably on a target in Washington, D.C."
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History of the International Monetary Fund, 2008.
A review of the history and evolution of the International Monetary Fund.
3,585 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the history of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from its creation in 1944 and then provides an analysis of its creation, purpose, and function. The paper examines the organization's effectiveness in promoting international cooperation and explains how it maintains orderly exchange arrangements, and then discusses four problems that the IMF has dealt with. The paper also discusses the major transitioning points that caused a transformation of the IMF's policies and then follows with a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Effectiveness of the IMF
From the Paper
"The effectiveness of the IMF really depends on who is being asked. As Stone (2002) emphasizes, "The interests of powerful countries define the parameters within which the International Monetary Fund operates, and the limits of what it can achieve. The IMF is, after all, an international institution, not a supranational one" (12). In reality, virtually all of the stated purposes of the IMF can be viewed as being means to other ends, and the effectiveness of these purposes relates directly to whose interests are being best served. The general goal of encouraging the economic well-being of the entire world, as expressed in clause 2 above calling for more streamlined international trade, is fairly nebulous. Nevertheless, although it is difficult to place a dollar figure on the IMF's overall contribution to global economic well-being, or even to the growth of world trade since its inception, an extrapolation of how well the organization has prosecuted its stated purposes can be discerned from the growth in international trade that has taken place in the interim. "
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International Risk Management, 2004.
An analysis of financial risk management, with a focus on international markets.
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights key aspects of minimizing risk and maximizing profits, yet still engaging in fruitful and dynamic financial transactions. The paper contends that to minimize risk in financial markets on an international level, cooperation that crosses borders between business entities, is necessary. The paper explains that because of the obscure nature of the factors affecting currency exchange rates, in the form of politics, international economic business entities with mutual interests in financial stability must work together to minimize their own mutual risks regarding exchange rates, loans and currency values. The paper assesses that this is done by freely allowing for differentials in rates and disclosing all known information about their country's, company's and currency's financial health.
From the Paper
"No profit was ever made without taking some financial risk. However, economists such as John Eatwell and Lance Taylor have argued in their text Global Finance at Risk: The Case for International Regulation that international financial markets are intrinsically and particularly apt to pose the threat of risk to potential investors on an individual and a corporate level. Investors in finance base their decisions on guesses, not only about how other investors within a nation will behave, but also about national stability, which affects the stability of the currency. As markets have grown more global in scope, industrialized countries often have pursued a more cautious monetary policy regarding other nations."
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Caspian Sea Oil & International Theory, 1997.
Examines realism, rationalism & regime theory, hegemony & cooperation; applies theories to analysis of national representation in Azerbaijan International Operating Consortium.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, £ 66.95
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From the Paper
"NATIONAL REPRESENTATION IN THE AZERBAIJAN INTERNATIONAL OPERATING CONSORTIUM
Introduction
This research analyzes the national representation in the Azerbaijan International Operating Consortium (AIOC). The AIOC is one of two consortia involved in the development of the petroleum resources in the Caspian Sea region (Gorst, 1997, pp. 33-34). The other consortium is the older Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC). The CPC is engaged primarily in the development of a pipeline system to transport Caspian Sea petroleum to the Mediterranean area, while the AIOC is involved primarily in the extraction of the petroleum.
Competition is fierce for participation shares in the AIOC. Petroleum companies?either state-owned or private sector?from the.."
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The Failure of International Institutions, 2005.
This paper argues that international institutions fail because actors like the U.S. refuse to allow them to work effectively.
2,990 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper, based on John Mearsheimer's article, "The False Promise of International Institutions", argues against the effectiveness of international institutions by attacking three leading institutionalist theories: Liberal institutionalism, collective security and critical theory. The author points out that international institutions have failed up to this point because they do not have in place effective mechanisms for those who break international law and there are double standards in these institutions, which clearly favor the more powerful states. The paper concludes by offering suggestions for a re-organization in international institutions, which will result in more positive conclusions resulting in a more interdependent, cooperative international society.
From the Paper
"The attack upon liberal institutionalism suggests that this idea does not provide a sound basis for understanding international relations or promoting worldwide stability. This argument is based upon the fact that liberal institutionalism focuses on cooperation and avoids the direct question, which propounds on whether or not international institutions cause peace. Another strong argument against liberal institutionalism besides its narrow definition of "cooperation" is that it virtually ignores the other major obstacle to cooperation: relative-gain concerns. A prime example of this in current institutional history can be gleaned from the arguments made against Turkey's inclusion into the EU, which appear to be much less concerned with Turkey "cheating" the system and much more about relative-gain concerns with regards to this new addition. "EU Business" backs this assertion with forecasting high costs for European taxpayers when "EU Agriculture Commissioner Franz warned last month that Turkey's inclusion could cost 11.3 billion Euros a year in agricultural subsidies" and "EU regional development aid could reach 10 billion Euros a year.""
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Financial Aid for International Students, 2007.
This paper explores the financial aid and funding for international students at private vs. public colleges in the United States
3,131 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the financial aid and funding similarities and differences for international students. The paper examines whether there are federal funding restrictions and looks at what some institutions have done in order to overcome these restrictions. The paper contends that the United States colleges and institutions must strategically plan for marketing recruitment and retention of international students. The paper shows the difficulties faced by international students and asserts that they are assets of the United States and should be treated as such with government policy and educational policy working in coherent cooperation.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Altbach entitled: "The Coming Crisis in International Education in the United States" relates that in order to keep pace with the global world "American universities will need to be international institutions." (nd) Information concerning financial aid, specifically for international students states, at least on one website, that education in the United States is "very expensive" since each year the cost for tuition, room and board will be approximately $15,000 to $40,000 a year in an undergraduate institution varying in relation to the specific school one attends."
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International Institutions, 2005.
This paper discusses the value of international institution in an increasingly unipolar world.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the value of international institutions towards maintaining peace, international security and inter-state cooperation. The author examines the role that the United States plays in this new world order as the undisputed hegemon of the day. The paper explains the role of the European Union and the difficulties that exist in establishing international security and peace.
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Analyzing the ?Right? Institutions in International Relations, 2003.
A discussion and evaluation of institutions such as democracy and human rights and their applicability to international relations.
1,032 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
If all countries had the right institutions, the world would be more peaceful, prosperous and just, but the institutions considered ?right? do not necessarily have to be democracy, human rights and free markets. Evaluating international relations is difficult because each situation requires different institutions; however, history provides a reasonable basis for analysis. History suggests that the correction or elimination of troublesome institutions would greatly contribute to world stability and cooperation, but recognition of the ?right? institutions to replace them proves difficult and arbitrary. This essay evaluates American ideals for international relations. It questions the universal appeal of democracy and other "right" institutions. It uses historical examples such as the two World Wars as case studies to support its claims.
From the Paper
"In contrast, the institutions causing World War II could have been avoided more easily. World War II was largely the result of an inadequate conclusion to the war preceding it and growing institutions such as nationalism. The victorious countries of WWI were blinded by their pursuit of the ?right? institutions such as democracy, so they inadvertently recharged international tension by thrusting a weak democratic republic on an unwilling German populace. In this case, the ?right? institution would have been one that the Germans chose rather than necessarily requiring democracy. Also, the quest for an adequate balance of power had created poorly constructed boundaries between countries, often ignoring the nationalities of the inhabitants. These causes of friction led to unrest and the escalation of conflict to yet another World War."
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The International Economic Order, 2005.
This paper discuses the international economic order as a part of the "global village".
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 0 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the requirements of a cooperative and stable international economic order through the context of global trade and financial relations. The author points out the historical perspective and some solutions to a better interdependency of the opposing forces in the global arena. The paper describes the evolution of financial markets through time and the progression of trade through advancements in both technological and relational aspects.
From the Paper
"The world today is regarded as a "global village"; the rapidity with which information is exchanged, the speed of transport and the ease of communication have become standard. However, to understand how this came about involves taking a deeper look into the introduction of various international organizations and the way in which politics and economics are intricately connected. The realist approach to international relations assumes that there is anarchy, not in the sense of chaos and disorder but the actual absence of "world government" - there is no higher authority to which all states are subjected to and which is to have jurisdiction into states domestic issues."
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International Patent Law, 2007.
An examination and comparison of articles relating to international patent law.
8,276 words (approx. 33.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper illustrates, analyzes and compares articles regarding the existing obligations or provisions regarding international patent law. It examines those provisions that fall under the Paris Convention, the Patent Cooperation Treaty, the Berne Convention and the Rome Convention. It also looks at the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits and the European patent Convention, the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits and the European patent Convention.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Implementation Of The Trips Agreement
National And Most-Favored-Nation Treatment
Patent Right Exhaustion: Doha Declaration (Analysis Of Article 6)
TRIPS And Article 7 (Technological Promotion And Public Protection) Health Analysis
General Enforcement Obligations: Analysis Of Article 41
Fair And Equitable Procedures Article 42
Evidence (Article 43)
Article 45: Damages - Comparison and Analysis Related to IP Where Applicable
From the Paper
"The guides existing to allow action that is effective in prevention of infringement state the "the requirement procedures permit 'effective action' speaks to all possible remedies, including civil, administrative and criminal procedures, as well as border measures, customs, tax and communication procedures." Copyright law in countries of optical media product export has proved ineffective in terms of media licensing and "countries have adopted optical media licensing regimes." TRIPS has as an obligation the provision of "effective actions" of infringement upon rights under this Article. It is held that Article 41 when combined with 61 (assumed to be understood as subsumed within the requirements of Article 41" make it a further requirement o countries to make the provision of any remedies "available" and not limited to those that are only within the law. Article 61 obliges countries to make the provision of criminal procedures and penalties "at least in cases of willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright privacy.""
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A Framework for International Relations, 2002.
This paper discusses two leading theoretical paradigms used to explain a framework for dealing with international relations: Idealism and realism.
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper states that successful policy theories encompass aspects of both idealism and realism as exemplified by the Marshall Plan after World War II. The paper defines idealism as ?Can?t we just get along?? or cooperation through institutional mechanisms such as the United Nations. The author explains that realism, an alternative school of thought, believes that idealism fails because international conflicts were inevitable.
From the Paper
"The Bush administration reluctantly submitted our goals of regime change to the United Nations Security Council hoping to persuade the body to approve their plan of military action if complete disarmament was achieved in a short period of time. Under the theme of U.S. national security it is argued that Iraq history of aggressive behavior towards its neighbors posses a continued threat to the world. This threat includes possessing and using weapons of mass destruction and possibly delivering these weapons into the hands of terrorist who would eventually use them against U.S. targets, either abroad or domestically.
The use of force to change a regime, without publicly acknowledged proof of an immediate threat to the sovereignty and security of the U.S. signals a move away from even the realism paradigm approach in international relations to one of hegemony driven desire to mold the world in our own image."
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Organized Crime Goes International, 2001.
An analysis and examination of organized crime both in the United States and internationally, with specific reference to its history and characteristics.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 22 sources, £ 52.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author analyzes and examines organized crime. The history of organized crime in the United States is discussed; the distinguishing characteristics of organized crime groups are examined and reviewed; the tensions between federal, international, and state laws in fighting organized crime are discussed; the supply of illicit drugs into the United States is examined and finally, the paper concludes with recommendations for battling organized crime.
From the paper:
?Organized crime poses severe threats to international and national security, particularly as the economy becomes increasingly global. Such threats present new conflicts that will require innovative strategies in the future. Cooperation among global organized crime groups has increased as restrictions have lessened between international borders.?
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