| Papers [1-14] of 56 :: [Page 1 of 4] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 —> | Search results on "MUTILATION": |
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Self-Mutilation, 2006.
An overview of studies on self-mutilation and what these studies have found.
2,107 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 17 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines studies and research conducted on the practice of self-mutilation. The paper explains that research has found evidence that anxiety plays a major role in self-mutilation while poof of the relationship between depression and self-mutilation is mixed. The paper also points out that even though mutilation has been gaining extensive attention in the mainstream culture, very little is still known about what precipitates acts of self-harm. The paper goes on to briefly summarize two theoretical models that were created to account for the behavior.
Table of Contents
Anxiety Reduction Model
Hostility Model
From the Paper
"In sum, both the anxiety reduction model and the hostility model share the statement that the lessening of tension is the catalyst for the self-harming act. The major disparity between the models is the premise inherent in the hostility model that it is the inability to express hostility that results in increasing tension which terminate in the act of self-mutilation, while in the anxiety reduction model hostility is not supposed to play a critical role; rather it is tension that leads directly to anxiety which escort to self-mutilation."
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Female Genital Mutilation in Islam, 2006.
An analysis of the Islamic practice of female genital mutilation, a custom still practiced throughout most of the Islamic world today.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
Female genital mutilation has been an institution in Islam for centuries, still exists today, and is practiced in at least twenty countries throughout the Islamic world, from Africa to Indonesia. This hideous practice emerged in Arabia, the original Muslim homeland, from where it spread to the regions conquered by Muslim armies. Quranic injunctions, Islamic conquests and Muslim administrative institutions have given it a continuity and legitimacy which have perpetuated it into modern times. This paper discusses female genital mutilation in the Islamic world. The paper discusses its history, origins, where it is practiced, how it is still practiced today and what the position of Islamic authorities of today is on female genital mutilation.
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Female Genital Mutilation, 2006.
This paper analyzes the highly debated and controversial issue of female genital mutilation which has become a growing problem in the U.S., Canada and Europe.
1,264 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the deeply rooted traditional practice of female genital mutilation and the dangerous health risks and lifelong medical consequences which often result in women and young girls who undergo this procedure. This paper details the surgical procedure involved in removing parts of the female genitalia which varies, depending on tradition and culture. This paper delves into the various religions and cultures which encourage this procedure. This paper analyzes the cultural aspect of female genital mutilation from the point of view of women who view the procedure as something positive they are doing "for" their daughters and not "to" them. The writer contends and discusses the fact that although Muslims claim female genital mutilation is commanded in Islam there is in fact no specific support for this claim in the Koran.
From the Paper
"Many religious and cultural issues foster female genital mutilation, and although some proponents of the practice claim that it is required by Islam, there is no specific support for this claim in the Koran. From a cultural perspective, women view the procedure as something they do "for' their daughters instead of 'to" them, as a means of securing their economic and social future through marriage. The genital scar provides proof for the prospective husband that this woman has been trained in moral and practical responsibilities and has maintained her virginity. The procedure is carried out at various ages, ranging from birth to during the first pregnancy, however, it is most commonly performed between the ages of four and eight."
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Self-Mutilation, 2005.
A discussion on self-mutilation and how victims and their families can be assisted.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 0 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper presents information on self mutilation in today's society. The paper presents information on factors that can lead to self mutilation. In addition, the paper presents the role of the Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) when working with the victims and their families. Finally, the paper discusses the APN's understanding of self mutilation, as well as informing the patient and family of the care that is needed.
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Female and Male Genital Mutilation, 2004.
An argument for the abolition of female genital mutilation and male circumcision.
2,339 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper puts forward the argument that female genital mutilation is no more a human rights violation than male circumcision, and therefore, both should be abolished. It discusses how, although genital mutilations are usually referred to as a cultural practice, there is increasing evidence that this innocent and benign label actually evades, dismisses, and covers up the horrific effects these mutilations have upon a child?s psyche and soma and, moreover, present a very real danger to the child?s health. It shows how people or cultures that engage in such practices view them as an essential right of passage and, often, an important requirement for a marriage partner, while those who do not practice genital circumcision view the practice with disbelief, horrified that any human would willingly permit such a thing to be performed on his or her child. It also looks at the origins of some these religious practices.
From the Paper
"According to James DeMeo in his article ?The Geography of Genital Mutilations,? the time frame and location of origins of female genital mutilations are most likely identical to that of male genital mutilations, ?given their similar distributions, similar cross-cultural aspects, and similar psychological motifs,? the use of each of which being ?mandated and widely expanded by groups where dominance of the sexual live of children by adults, and females by males, was most extreme.? With the decline of the harem system during the last 100 years, the use of eunuchs has died out, however, female infibulations and other forms female genital mutilations remain part of the certain cultures ?in accordance with the arranged marriage system and other vestiges of a powerful and hysterical virginity taboo.? "
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Self-Mutilation, 2005.
An analysis of different studies of self-mutilation in adolescence.
2,408 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two different research studies on self-mutilation in order to fully understand the psychological effects of such behavior on the individual and the cause of this behavior. It also explores different types of self-mutilation.
From the Paper
"Contrary to what these researchers hypothesized, an astounding 40.2% cut because they wanted to die. (Evans, Hawton, & Rodham 2004). For decades, self-harm as been viewed as an indication of suicidal behavior. However, this research found this view to be false. The 40.2% who claim they wanted to die while self-mutilating are the minority. Furthermore, most of the individuals who harm themselves do not do so with suicide as the primary motive. I think this is a highly valuable point in this study. Although suicide should not be overlooked, it is important to not jump to the conclusion of suicidality with self-mutilators."
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Female Genital Mutilation, 2002.
A detailed examination of the widespread practice of female genital mutilation, with a focus on Africa.
1,779 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that while women are being given more rights as time goes on and their contribution to the world continues to be spotlighted, there is one area in which women are still being treated in a barbaric fashion. The act of female genital mutilation has continued in many nations regardless of the worldwide cry for it to cease. It discusses how Africa insists on continuing the practice at all costs, despite the public attention it has achieved. The paper argues that African female genital mutilation has a negative impact on society not only in Africa but worldwide. The practice causes humiliation, submissiveness, infection and in some cases death.
From the Paper
"There are many negative health risks associated with this practice including bleeding, pain, infection, acute urine retention, and injury to adjacent tissue. In addition there is always the risk of the transmission of blood born diseases such as AIDS or hepatitis B when non sterile instruments are used for the procedure. Given the often unsterile conditions that the procedure is performed with there is always the risk of infection and infection brings with it fever, soreness, and sometimes death. Infection can also be the root cause of gangrene, tetanus and a failure of the wound to heal which leads to the woman becoming disabled."
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Female Genital Mutilation, 2005.
An examination of female genital mutilation practice around the world today.
3,101 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how prevalent the practice of female genital mutilation throughout the world is. It questions why it is done, where it is done and what are the human rights and morality implications.
Outline
Introduction
The Literature on Female Genital Mutilation
Where is FGM Practiced?
How is FGM Carried Out in Practice?
What are the Justifications for FGM?
From the Perspective of International Human Rights Issues
522 FGM Cases in South-Western Nigeria
References
From the Paper
"There are four types of female genital mutilation (FGM), according to an article in the British Journal of Midwifery (Momoh 2004, p. 631): 1) Type 1 is called clitoridectomy, in which the "excision of the clitoral prepuce may also involve the excision of all or part of the clitoris"; 2) Type 2 is the cutting away from the body of the clitoris, but may also involved the excision of "all or part of the tabia minora"; 3) Type 3 is called infibulation, and it involves "excision of part or all of the external genitalia and the stitching or narrowing of the vaginal opening"; 4) and Type 4 alludes to all other procedures in which a female's genitals are cut.
How many females have been subjected to FGM - in any of the four types mentioned above? Momoh writes that it worldwide it affects "more than 120 million women" and in addition, "an estimated two million girls are circumcised each year." According to another article in the British Journal of Midwifery (Sihwa and Baron, 2004, p. 717), "an estimated 100-130 million girls and women in the world have undergone FGM," and around 2 million girls are "at risk" annually."
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Self-Mutilation, 2003.
A discussion of self-mutilation in adolescents.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This concept paper presents intervention and treatment models for self-mutilating adolescents. The paper begins by defining various forms of self-mutilation. The the paper examines various therapeutic approaches to the problem, and compares treatment outcomes. The paper concludes by recommending further study using family therapy.
From the Paper
"Self-mutilation has long been a problem for adolescents with the prevalence of this phenomenon impacting upon out of people in the general population. Individuals aged..."
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Female Genital Mutilation, 2002.
A look at the social and medical aspects of female genital mutilation.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 17 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
A paper on Female Genital Mutilation and the associated cultural and social problems along with the medical issues.
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Female Genital Mutilation, 2002.
An insight into the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) in Africa.
1,338 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), a destructive, invasive procedure that is usually performed on girls before puberty where part or all of the clitoris is surgically removed, leaving girls with reduced or no sexual feeling. FGM originated in Africa and remains a cultural and not a religious practice. It examines the reasoning behind the practice as well as the cultural and religious ideas in Africa and outlines the different forms it takes depending on the culture.
From the Paper
"Because of poverty and lack of medical facilities, the procedure is frequently done under less than hygienic conditions, and often without anesthetic by other than medically trained personnel. Anesthesia is rarely used and razor blades, knives or scissors are usually the instruments used. In the rural Mossi areas of Burkina Faso, group female circumcisions are scheduled every three years in many villages. Girls aged from 5 to 8 are assembled by their mothers into groups of up to 20."
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Female Genital Mutilation, 2002.
A comparison of Western feminist ethics to non-Western cultural practices regarding female genital mutilation.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This essay is a feminist discussion of the non-Western traditions of female genital mutilation. In this paper, Western feminist ethics are compared with non-Western cultural practices. The author of this paper attempts to construct an ethic of difference that can enable better understandings of non-Western culture in realms of international feminism.
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Female Genital Mutilation, 2002.
This paper explores the practice of female genital mutilation and explains the writer's support of the eradication of the practice.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the topic of female genital mutilation. It begins with a background look at the different types of FGC and at the motivations behind this practice. It explains why the practice is degrading to women and looks at how common the practice is. The paper concludes with a projection for the future and details why FGC should be outlawed worldwide.
From the Paper
"As the world continues to globalize cultures are coming together and sharing traditions and values. Many of the traditions being shared have a positive impact on the cultures that they touch, but there are other cultural traditions that shock outsiders worldwide. Female genital mutilation is still practiced in several parts of the world. The practice of female genital mutilation should be outlawed, because it is degrading to all women whether or not they personally participate in it."
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Female Genital Mutilation, 2007.
This paper examines the practice of female genital mutilation including its history and effects.
2,224 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that female genital mutilation (FGM), still common in parts of Africa, is condemned by most people as a serious violation of human rights and gender discrimination. The writer notes that some communities consider it a harmless cultural rite whose dangers are needlessly exaggerated by outsiders. This essay discusses the topic of FGM in detail by tracing its background and explaining different types of FGM. The writer looks at where and why it is currently practiced and discusses its physical and psychological effects. The writer also examines the alternate point of view that dismisses concerns about FGM as exaggerated and cultural arrogance.
Outline:
Background
Origin
FGM during Prophet Muhammad's lifetime
FGM in the West
Current Prevalence
Numbers
Countries where FGM is practiced
Types of FGM
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Physical Effects of FGM
Pain, infection
Genealogical Problems
Reduced sexual enjoyment
Psychological Effects of FGM
Negative effects
Positive effects
Why is FGM Performed?
Tradition & Gender Identity
Psychosexual Reason
Hygiene and Aesthetics
Religious Reasons
The Alternative View about FGM
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The psychological effects of FGM are much more difficult to investigate scientifically than its physical effects. The negative psychological effects could include feelings of trauma, anxiety, terror, humiliation, and betrayal that may lead to long-term behavioral characteristics such as docility, feelings of incompleteness, anxiety and depression. However, not all psychological effects of FGM are negative, particularly in places where the practice is part of the ancient culture of the people. In fact, in such societies, women who have not undergone the essential 'rite of initiation' may suffer from psychological problems due to fear of rejection by the society and feelings of inferiority. Those women who have undergone FGM experience feelings of empowerment and fulfillment."
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