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Mussolini's Social and Economic Problems, 2004.
A look at how successful Benito Mussolini was in solving the social and economic problems he inherited.
3,471 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the rise of Mussolini was welcomed by many Italians not because of the ideological appeal of Fascism, but because it seemed to offer practical solutions to the Bolshevik menace on the domestic front and the mutilated victory which resulted from a depressed international prestige. It discusses how, when the rhetoric of the regime became identified with a confused statement of ends, Italian policy became unpopular and eventually was rejected. It attempts to assess the success or failure of the Fascist government, by analysing the economic, political and social conditions inherited and the outcome of the policies adopted by Mussolini.
From the Paper
"However, the effects on the Italian economy were far from beneficial. Suddenly, foreign buyers found Italian goods nearly twice as expensive, and it was not surprising that Italian export industries, particularly textiles, went into depression. Even the macro-industry Fiat was exporting fewer cars in the late 1930s than it had done in the early 1920s. The revaluation of the lire was supposed to have helped the Italian consumer because imports of foods and other products from abroad should have become cheaper. However, the Duce prevented this by placing high tariffs on many foreign imports. Therefore, the only winners in economic terms were those industries such as steel, armaments and ship building which needed large supplies of cheap tariff-free imported raw materials. However, Mussolini's economic policies had never been designed simply to increase the wealth of the country or the prosperity of the ordinary Italian, and this became very apparent by the mid 1930s, as he became increasingly preoccupied with foreign affairs, whilst the living standards and the general welfare of the economy suffered."
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Cameroon: Unity through Economic and Social Problems, 2008.
A study of the social and economic crises in Cameroon since its independence.
965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the economic and social problems faced by the Republic of Cameroon, a relatively young independent country of central west Africa. The paper points out that Cameroon achieved its independence from France and Britain in 1960 and quickly unified into one republic from the separate territories controlled by both France and Britain. The paper posits that because Cameroon is extremely diverse, both culturally and demographically, some would assume that having numerous people groups would hinder the progress of unification in such a developing country. However, despite recent social and economic crises, the people of Cameroon have been able to tolerate the many cultural differences present, and have dealt with a less than desirable economy and a growing AIDS epidemic in a respectable manner. The paper concludes that, despite the problem of ethnic fragmentation and regional divisions spawned by a colonial history, the many ethnic groups overcame a civil war and re-united to grow one of the best economies in sub-Saharan Africa.
From the Paper
"As noted, from the time that Cameroon declared independence from the colonial rule of the French and British, there has been a seemingly never ending line of economic problems, but, Cameroon's independence began with economic success. Although the economy relied heavily on the exporting of agricultural products such as cocoa, coffee, bananas and palm oil, and remained very dependent on French capital, the economy thrived. The role of the French was still clear in much of Cameroon's economic transactions; nearly 60 percent of Cameroon's exports were to the French, and 55 percent of the imported products were from France. This beneficial partnership allowed Cameroon to be known as a success story in light of the rest of the continent's development, and boasted the title of the most prosperous country in Africa (Konings 248)."
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Economic Problems and Policies in Modern China, 2006.
A discussion of the Chinese economy and the history that molded it.
3,765 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that in order to understand the economic problems in modern China, it is important to first have a fundamental understanding about this country, and a sense of its historical background. This background information is discussed in detail. The writer shows how the rise of the Cultural Revolution ultimately caused a rise in the Chinese economy. In conclusion, the writer states that today the Chinese economy stands on an even keel with European countries and America.
Table of Contents:
China - The Country and its Location in the World Map
China - Its Administrative Set up
China- Its Climatic and Animal and Natural Habitation
What is the Cultural Revolution?
An Analysis of the Cultural Revolution
After the Cultural Revolution
Economic Policies and Changes After the Cultural Movement
Bibliography
From the Paper
"It was at this juncture that Mao called the Army led by Lin Biao to step in on behalf of the Red Guard. When the Army came in it resulted in a division between the military and tensions come to the forefront when Chen Zaido a Military Commander arrested two key radical party leaders. In 1968, after several cycles of radicalism Mao decided to rebuild the Communist Party to gain greater control. Military was sent in to take control of schools, factories and government agencies and this act forced many millions of Red Guard to move to rural lands to pursue their activity. This also had an effect of scattering the Red Guard and also brought some order into the urban cities. In August of 1968, when the Soviet invaded Czechoslovakia, China began to feel greatly unsecured which added to Mao's confused thinking and disillusionment.
"In the 12th Plenum of the Eight Central Committee where the point of who would inherit political power became a central issue in Chinese politics the question of who will be a successor to Mao came up. At the Ninth Party Congress meeting convened in April 1969 Defense Minister Lin Biao was officially designated Mao's successor. With this the military tightened its grip over the Chinese society. This made the entire committee and Party to be completed dominated by Military men in uniform.
"Sino Soviet Border clashes in 1969 paved the way for a martial law in China when Lin took full advantage of the situation. It was during this time several communist leaders died and many suffered moral turpitude during this upheaval. Lin was an aggressive personality and wanted power and slowly Mao began to feel his pulse the wrong way and began to work against Lin. Premier Zhou Enlai joined Mao in this venture and endeavor and Mao's wife Jiang Qing also joined in the fray. But Mao's trusted assistant Deng decided to support Lin. This break up caused many a problem within the party set up and even though many measures were taken to bring back normalcy to China in 1979-71 it could not be accomplished."
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Russian Economic Problems, 1992.
An idenification of the important individuals most associated with each economic perspective and the major dimensions and assumptions of their strategies for creating a market economy on the rubble of the Soviet system in Russia.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 10 sources, £ 49.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
In a recent essay on the dramatic economic difficulties facing the former Soviet Union, Alexander Yakovlev, an intellectual architect of Gorbachev's Perestroika reform program, stated that "By placing Marxist-Leninist theory above reality, above life, we managed to cripple life itself. By embracing the views of Friedrich von Hayek and Milton Friedman without making any adjustments for Russian realities, we risk falling into the trap of imposing on Russian life programs that, although inherently sensible, may not be suited to Russian exigencies."[1]
This paragraph succinctly summarizes the debate now exploding across Russia as to the appropriate strategy and direction of economic reform. On the one side are the proponents of "shock therapy," often associated by its critics with a missionary..."
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Mussolini's Economic Battles, 1922-40., 2007.
A look at Mussolini's propaganda campaigns.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper explains Mussolini's aims towards his desire to achieve autarky in Italy and how he launched massive propaganda campaigns to reach his ultimate objective.
From the Paper
"Mussolini's 'Battle for Birth's' was set up in 1927, and in addition to propaganda through the media (by then controlled by the fascists), included awards for the mothers of several children. After 1939, the campaign became so desperate that mothers were given a medal with a silver bar for every child they bore. Financial incentives existed in 'marriage loans' and tax relief: repayment of the loans was cancelled if women bore four children, and the parents of ten children paid no income tax. Bachelors, furthermore, were forced to pay more in taxation, divorce remained illegal, abortion was banned, contraceptives were limited and the new 1931 Penal Code encompassed 'crimes against the wholeness of the race'. Promotion soon became possible only for fathers and civil service jobs were reserved for them too. All this, it seems, was in order to provide more soldiers, workers and inhabitants for the new colonies that said soldiers were supposed to be conquering in Africa. Mussolini's birth rate targets were high: he aimed to increase the population from 37 million in 1922 to 60 million by 1950. Despite these efforts, however, both the birth rate and the marriage rate continued to fall: the population in 1950, after the fall of fascism, was 47.5 million. The 'Battle for Births' may have prevented an even greater drop in birth rates, but in terms of its own aims, it achieved very little."
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Economic Growth and Economic Equality, 2002.
Economists view on the difference between economic growth and equality.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the reasons why economists think there is a conflict between our desire for economic growth and our desire for economic equality.
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The Problems of Project Finance in American Business after the Asian Economic Crisis of 1998, 2000.
A look at the efforts made to recover from the financial crisis.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 10 sources, £ 66.95
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Abstract
The Future of Project Finance
After taking a battering from spectacular failures due to the Asian economic crisis impact on emerging nations and markets worldwide, project finance is making a cautious, conservative rebound. Private and institutional investors are taking an increasing part in financing domestic and international major infrastructure, power and utility projects through innovative funding structures.
From the paper:
"Limited recourse loans are a well-defined form of borrowing; any transaction that does not include elements unique to this structure does not strictly qualify as project finance. Limited recourse loans were invented in the late 1920s and early 1930s to provide US wildcatters with longer-term production finance. During the 1930s, drilling became deeper and resultant cost higher; more extended financing terms were needed. The improved engineering techniques of the early 1940s provided the ability to forecast the future recovery of oil reserves, and some banks applied these new techniques to justify production loans in excess of the three years? limited term previously applied. Since the project itself was deemed able to support a level of production that would provide for repayment from the project?s cash flow, the creditworthiness of the borrower was irrelevant."
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Secret Economics: The Economic Impact of the Vietnam War, 2002.
This paper is an analysis of the economic impact that the Vietnam War had on the American economy.
2,440 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to estimate what the real total economic cost of the Vietnam War was to the United States. The paper concludes that a reasonable estimate of the economic impact of the Vietnam War on the American economy is that an entire year's worth of productive activity was used to fight the war.
From the Paper
"The Vietnam War was the defining experience for a generation of Americans. Indeed, it is arguably one of the defining experiences of America as a whole in the Twentieth Century. Its impact on the men who fought there, the men (and women) who did not, the American military in general, American society and popular culture during and following the war has been well documented. However, it was not just a life changing experience for soldiers and protestors, or a force for social change, or even an inspiration for thousands of books and dozens of movies. War is not least an economic event. In addition to being a military defeat, a political blunder and a human tragedy, the Vietnam War was also an economic disaster."
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Thailand's Economic Crisis & The Triangle of Impossibility Economic Model, 1997.
Detailed analysis of Thailand's 1997 financial crisis. Discusses the "Triangle of Impossibility" model, which consists of a fixed currency rate, free capital movement, & an independent monetary policy.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, £ 54.95
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From the Paper
" Thailand's Economic Crisis and the
"Triangle of Impossibility" Economic Model
Introduction
The "Triangle of Impossibility" economic model theorizes that it is dangerous, if not impossible for a small economy to maintain three desirable (politically) yet contradictory national goals. When it does, the end result is a macroeconomic crisis like the one currently going on in Thailand today (Na Thalang, 1997, 14). The three paths that Thailand is pursuing, suggests Na Thalang, are a fixed foreign exchange regime, free capital movement, and an independent monetary policy. After a brief economic snapshot of Thailand, these three divergent paths will be explored to determine if: A) the theory is valid, and B) if it.."
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Asian Economic Integration, 1999.
Examines definition, purposes, goals, ASEAN model, economic theory, problems and recommendations.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, £ 38.95
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Abstract
Examines definition, purposes, goals, ASEAN model, economic theory, problems and recommendations.
From the Paper
"ASIAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
There are many conceptual definitions of "economic integration" and the one chosen for this paper is that economic integration occurs when nationalistic concerns of an economy are set aside to integrate the economy more fully into the world economy.
Such a definition implies and confirms that the world has become so global that individual nations can no longer be allowed to maintain independent economic activities without consideration of the impact of those activities on other nations. This attitude was well expressed by Thai Deputy Foreign Minister Sukhumbhand Paribatra at a recent meeting of the annual East Asia Economic Summit: "East Asia and Southeast Asia must reject the temptation to seek individual salvation, because none of us can ..."
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Mexican Economic Crisis, 2006.
An overview of the financial distress that has troubled Mexico over the last twenty years and what must be done to solve the country's economic problems once and for all.
6,544 words (approx. 26.2 pages), 71 sources, MLA, £ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the economic crises the Mexican economy has experienced over the last twenty years, briefly explaining the root causes of each financial crisis experienced. The paper also discusses the economic assistance extended to Mexico by the United States, the IMF and other international agencies and why this assistance has consistently failed to deliver Mexico from its economic woes. Finally, the paper explains what must be done in order to ensure Mexico's economic success, suggesting that the only permanent solution lies in institutional reform that embraces market forces.
From the Paper
"For the fourth time in the past 20 years, the Mexican economy is in financial distress, largely because of bad monetary policies pursued by Mexican officials. The United States has responded in all four instances by lending money to the Mexican government as a short?term palliative. The cumulative result is a set of perverse incentives for Mexican officials and foreign investors that ensure the "crisis" will reappear on an even larger scale. In addition, the use of the Treasury's Exchange Stabilization Fund and the Federal Reserve to fund an administration's foreign ventures raises constitutional issues about separation of powers and undermines the principle of central bank independence."
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Japan's Economic Crisis, 2001.
This paper examines Japan's current economic problems.
3,305 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth analysis of the affects of September 11th on the Japanese economy. Several different factors contributing to the deepening recession in Japan are examined in detail, including unemployment statistics, the findings of the Bank of Japan's Tanken survey, suicide figures and corporate restructuring. The changes in people's behavior, including expense accounts, dress and spending habits as a result of this recession and the change in Japan's credit rating and its affect on how government policy is affected by this change are also discussed in detail. The author also presents some of the government's policy attempts at dealing with this problem including new economic policies, tax reform, privatization schemes and the restructuring of the banking system. The effects that this has had on Japan's relations with China, especially in its trade relations are also discussed in detail.
Extensive bibliography but no footnotes, or endnotes.
From the Paper
"According to a recent article in Bloomberg News entitled ?Think Japan?s Economy is Bad Now? Just Wait,? the situation will only get worse.' ? ?It?s here where things get ugly,? ? the article states. ? ?As unemployment rises beyond today?s record 5 percent, consumers may spend less. If already frugal households buy less, corporate profits fall further and so do asset values. Banks, then, may be forced to let more companies fail, boosting unemployment and reducing corporate profits. And so on and so on.? ? This is the very cycle Japan?s policy makers have been dreading for years. To date, Tokyo has held things together with ultra-low interest rates and aggressive fiscal spending. Now that borrowing costs are at zero percent and Tokyo has papered markets with more bonds than investors can use, that?s no longer possible. Credit rating agencies are sniffing around Japan?s finances, wondering if it?s time for another downgrade."
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Macroeconomic Problems, 2005.
This paper explores several fiscal and monetary policies to address five theoretical macro-economic problems.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 0 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains five theoretical macroeconomic problems including (1) GDP growth is 1.5%, steady over two years, (2) inflation has been 1-2% for the last two years, (3) unemployment is at 7.3%, up from 7% the previous year and 6.5% the year before that, (4) federal funds rate target is 3.5% and the discount rate is 3.25% and (5) the government budget has been operating at a deficit of $60 billion from last year, up from $50 billion the previous year. The author stresses that, as with many other disciplines, in economics, there is not always a singular answer to a given problem.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to present some possible solutions to problems in macroeconomics. As with many other disciplines, there is not always a singular answer to a given problem in the field. This is true of economics. Many theorists have spent many decades debating the veracity of their own claims. The Keynesians have gone toe-to-toe with the monetarists, for instance. With that in mind, it is important to understand that the focus of this paper is not on presenting absolute answers to the problems given, but instead to provide some possible solutions within the confines of fiscal and monetary policy. There are five problems that are discussed in this paper, along with the author's accompanying suggestions for policies that could alleviate the issue."
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Japan's Economic Crisis, 2005.
Explores and discusses Japan's recent economic problems.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the problems of the Japanese economy in recent years, and provides a critical discussion of the measures taken by Japan to resolve these problems. The paper also discusses the need to revitalize the Japanese economy.
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