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Guillaume Dufay Music from Medieval and Renaissance Music, 2006.
An examination of Guillaume Dufay's music and its origins.
34 words (approx. 0.1 pages), 6942 sources, MLA, £ 11.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at what Guillaume Dufay's music meant in terms of music history. The author starts with a look at the Gregorian chant from Medieval times which was the main form of sacred music, how it developed and what it gave to modern music. The paper continues with a look at the other forms of music that have developed over the years and contributed to the work of Guillaume Dufay. In particular the author highlights the development of church music in the Renaissance period which, as he points out was the basis for Dufay's music compositions. The author discusses the life and works of Dufay's music as a move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure. The author believes that this helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments in music of the following century. In conclusion the author reminds us that we are lucky to have the musical pieces that have been curated and restored. A number of Dufay's as well as other composers from that era had masterpieces destroyed because of the political climate.
Outline:
Table of Contents
Introduction
Gregorian Chant
Motet
Troubadour Influence
The Development of Musical Notation
Polyphony
Machaut
Guillaume Dufay a Biography
Dufay's Music
Dufay and Faux-bourdon
Dufay's Motets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Dufay began composing at a time when musical style was in a period of relative stability and changing that style was not readily accepted. Dufay cannot be thought of as one of the great revolutionaries in Western music; the term 'originality' in the classic sense of the word was not familiar to him. This is not to say, however, that Dufay was in any way lacking of originality or he was in any way reactionary. Quite to the contrary, he played an integral role in the development of faux-bourdon and the cyclic mass. He was one of the first composers to handle four-voice texture with any kind of convincing skill before the end of the 15th century. Furthermore, his attempt to move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments of the following century. Dufay's works and compositions have come to be known as the supremely polished works of a long period of slow and serene stylistic change."
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Renaissance Architecture and Music Comparison, 2001.
A detailed discussion and comparison of the architecture and music during the Renaissance.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Renaissance specifically comparing the music and architecture of the time. The author specifically looks at the music of Josquin dez Prez, a composer of the Renaissance and compares his music to the architecture of the same time emphasizing their similarities in new styles, ideas and inventions.
From the Paper
"The renaissance was a time of rebirth and renewal. All over Europe, people were looking back to times they saw as better, instead of towards the unpredictable future. Specifically, the people looked back to the ancient worlds, and found the humanitarian values of the ancient Greeks and Romans very inviting. The arts were reborn from classical ideas, and a new focus was placed on individuals and the natural world (Wright 80). New inventions and wonders filled Europe. This was the era of both the printing press and telescope?s birth. New ideas permeated the world, remolding the way people thought. music and architecture were no exceptions to this rebirthing."
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Harlem Renaissance Music, 2006.
An historical journey from Black American migration from the south to the development of Harlem Renaissance music.
803 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper will briefly trace the journey of the Black American experience through the music first articulated in the Harlem Renaissance. It begins with the migration of Black Americans from the South to the enclosed environment of a big city and their need to find a voice for themselves, which they did partly through music. It concludes by describing how the Harlem Renaissance was pivotal in American musical history.
From the Paper
"Harlem was nothing if not a melting pot of America's black cultures; the northern, the southern, the islands. In the 1930s, while combining all these influences, Harlem musicians set the stage for later Black-influenced musical forms. At the same time, Kramer and Russ argue that it was only by virtue of two things in addition to the migration to Harlem that caused Harlem Renaissance music to be influential across so many decades and so many cultures. One of those things was that mass media, in the form of radio and discography, had arrived on the U.S. market just in time to be useful to the Black artists. And the Black artists, while synthesizing other influences, kept their own identity intact; without this, Kramer and Russ contend, the later forms of Black music, such as rap, would not have been possible (1997)."
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Music and Performing Arts, Renaissance to Today, 2007.
A discussion of music and drama, from the Renaissance era until today.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the influence that music and performing arts have had on human culture and society, focusing on the Renaissance period. The paper explains that in the early part of the Renaissance, the role of music was tremendously important as polyphony became more simplified in the Renaissance, generally "smoother" and more harmonious overall. The paper notes that there is no doubt that the technological impact of recording technologies, beginning with the phonograph and leading up to today's CDs and DVDs, has had an impact upon the individual enjoyment and distribution of music and dramatic art forms (especially film), unprecedented since the invention of the printing press in the Renaissance. In conclusion, the paper shows that today, the Internet has hugely assisted in enabling individuals to share such work among themselves, though not to the point of alleviating the isolating influence of technology or to creating a new form of communal experience.
From the Paper
"In the early part of the Renaissance, the role of religion, that is to say, the church as an organization and social unifying force, was still prominent above all else. Nation-states had not yet arisen to assert their claim on peoples' loyalty. The church represented stability and social cohesion in a world of uncertainty and danger from many sources: feudal overlords, weak central governments, and unpredictable weather and harvests. The role of music was thus tremendously important too in this period. Polyphony became more simplified in the Renaissance, and generally "smoother" and more harmonious overall."
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Music and Art of the Late Gothic-Renaissance Period, 1977.
This paper examines the changes that occurred in society and the Church because of, or as a reflection of, changes in music and art during the transitional period between late Gothic and Renaissance Period.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, £ 54.95
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From the Paper
The purpose of this research is to examine the changes that occurred in society and the Church because of (or as a reflection of) changes in music and art during the transitional period between late Gothic and Renaissance.
Early Renaissance art was the natural outgrowth of the new humanism which was replacing medieval thought. The world changed a great deal in the period between the ousting of the medieval ways and the upsurge of humanism and the ways of the Renaissance. As E. H. Gombrich writes in his The Story of Art, in the middle of the twelfth century, when the Gothic style was first developed, Europe was still mainly a thinly populated continent of peasants with monasteries and barons' castles as the important centers of power and education.
The ambition of the Great Bishops' Sees to have immense ... "
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Renaissance and Baroque, 2002.
A comparison between Renaissance and Baroque musical styles.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the concept which is generally considered ?Early Music,? - the musical styles associated with the Renaissance period, beginning ca. 1450 and ending around 1600, and the Baroque period, commencing ca. 1620 until the death of Johann Sebastian Bach in 1750. The paper shows how these two styles share numerous musical traits which revolve around the application of stable harmony, polyphony and the progressive movement towards humanistic orientation. The paper shows how this contrasts to the musical style of the earlier Medieval period which was dominated by liturgical chant repertories.
From the Paper
"The harmonic language was at times modal but more often than not was based on chord themes, such as rapid triads interspersed with much tonality. In Bach?s case, this was known as the circle of fifths, a harmonic sequence with powerful chord progressions which took on the nature of ?sweeping dynamics used for expressive purposes, much like modern-day improvisational techniques? (Masterson 324).
The role of dissonance in Baroque music cannot be downplayed, for it was at
times very influential with its long, drawn-out chordal suspensions characterized by appoggiaturas, or an embellishing note or tone preceding an essential melodic note or tone. The application of seventh chords, ninth chords and on occasion eleventh chords contributed to a vast array of melodic dissonance, often identified by large tonal leaps."
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Comparison of Renaissance vs Baroque Art, 2006.
A comparison of the Renaissance era with the Baroque era, focusing on the musical culture of both periods.
2,934 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
Renaissance and Baroque are no doubt the Golden Age in the history of humankind. The quantity of prominent figures in the both periods is innumerable. It is impossible to analyze even the minute part of their works in one short research. This research takes into consideration the major aspects of musical culture of the specified ages and focuses on finding differences between the two ages.
A) Introduction: Renaissance and Baroque
B) General Discussion
1) The Historical Background and Key Features of Renaissance
2) Baroque Age and its Characteristic Trends
3) Comparison of the Periods
4) The Great Composers of the Two Ages
C) Conclusion
From the Paper
"The art historian Giorgio Vasari first used the term ?Renaissance? in 1550. He used the word rinascita (Italian for rebirth) to describe the return of the ancient Roman manner of painting in the works of Giotto di Bondone. The word Renaissance acquired a wider meaning in the eighteenth century when Voltaire characterized the period between fourteenth and sixteenth centuries in Italy as the great age of human cultural achievement. In the nineteenth century, Jules Michelet and Jakob Burckhardt distinguished the era of Renaissance as a prominent historical period, which gave birth to the modern age. Everything started with the interest to antique culture of ancient Greece and Rome: imperishable beauty of ancient statues appeared before the eyes of the man after archeological digs, undertaken on the territory of Eternal city. The word "Renaissance" has to be understood in a wider meaning. It does not only describe the return of ancient culture, but it also symbolizes the unprecedented ascension of the literature, painting and architecture, as the golden age of human genius. Neither of the epochs produced such a great quantity of prominent figures in every sphere of culture. There are still no more notorious and respected painters, than Leonardo da Vinci, Rafael, Michelangelo. Fine arts depict the ideals of Renaissance most brilliantly. "
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Renaissance Art vs. Architecture, 2001.
This paper discusses the Renaissance, specifically comparing the music and architecture of the time.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the music of Josquin, a composer of the Renaissance, to the architecture of the same time. The author examines how architecture and music expressed the new ideas that permeated the world during this period in history. A broad examination of both the music and architecture is included.
From the Paper
"The renaissance was a time of rebirth and renewal. All over Europe, people were looking back to times they saw as better, instead of towards the unpredictable future. Specifically, the people looked back to the ancient worlds, and found the humanitarian values of the ancient Greeks and Romans very inviting. The arts were reborn from classical ideas, and a new focus was placed on individuals and the natural world (Wright 80). New inventions and wonders filled Europe. This was the era of both the printing press and telescope?s birth. New ideas permeated the world, remolding the way people thought. Music and architecture were no exceptions to this rebirthing."
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The Harlem Renaissance, 2008.
An analysis of the literature, art and music from the period of the Harlem Renaissance and how it affected African-American identity.
1,524 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Harlem Renaissance and how it transformed African-American identity and history, as well as American culture in general. It describes some of the prominent writers who were discovered during the Harlem Renaissance, such as Claude McKay, Alain Locke, James Weldon Johnson, W.E.B. Dubois and Marcus Garvey. It also describes some of the artists and musicians who became famous at that time.
From the Paper
"Musicians were also a tremendous source of enlightenment during this period. Specifically, during the birth of the Harlem Renaissance, "somewhere around the year 1918, this melting pot of southern blacks deeply rooted in the traditions of spirituals and blues mixed with the more educated northern blacks to create an atmosphere of artistic and intellectual growth never before seen or heard in America." In the case of music which may be the expressive form most frequently associated with experiences of spirit possession, contemplative revere, and wistful or violent nostalgia--our most striking experiences often takes place at moments of half-understood haunted-ness. Therefore, the intersection of, music and social memory constitutes and especially propitious site for cultural analysis, not least in the study of the Harlem Renaissance intellectual life" (Anderson 16). Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Josephine Baker, Dizzy Gillespie, Billie Holiday, and Charlie Parker are some of the musicians during the Harlem Renaissance that moved the spirit in most of the African-Americans. "Ragtime was the one artistic production of American music" (Huggins 282). It was originated by colored piano player in the questionable resorts of St. Louis, Memphis and other Mississippi River Town. Ragtime got it first hearing in Chicago and made its way to New York during 1918."
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The Harlem Renaissance, 2008.
This paper discusses the Harlem Renaissance as a period of changing times, especially for African Americans.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Harlem Renaissance, also known as the Black Literary Renaissance and The New Negro Movement, began in the neighborhood of Harlem in New York City. The author points out that the Harlem Renaissance promoted changes in music, literature, poetry and architecture. The paper relates that these changes started in the black community following the abolition of slavery and were quickened as a consequence of World War I. The author underscores that the Harlem Renaissance can be seen as the African-American cultural response to the great social and cultural changes taking place in America in the early twentieth century under the influence of industrialization and the start of a new mass culture. The paper describes Georgia Douglas Johnson, who wrote poetry and plays as an important player in this literary and cultural movement.
Outline:
I. The History of the Harlem Renaissance
A. The way the Harlem Renaissance started
B. How the Harlem Renaissance got its name
II. The changes that were made
A. The change in politics
B. The changes in the arts
III. Georgia Douglas Johnson
A. A brief biography
B. Her influence on the Harlem Renaissance
From the Paper
"The Harlem Renaissance was a time of excitement and change for all of those who participated. It took many people to change the things that these people changed. Everything changed from music, art, movies, and politics. Many African- Americans from the southern states moved to Harlem during this time. The African- American community had established a middle class in many cities, with New York City being one. This time of movement can be referred to as the Great Migration. The Great Migration brought thousands of African- Americans to the northern cities like Cleveland, Chicago, and Philadelphia."
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Comparing the Renaissance and Baroque Eras, 2006.
This paper explores and details items that may be found in a time capsule that reflect world events and cultural patterns from the Renaissance and Baroque eras.
1,079 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the art and cultural developments during the Renaissance and Baroque eras. The writer of this paper describes articles that could be found in a time capsule from the Renaissance era as a rebirth of culture and a renewed interest in the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome while explaining that the Baroque era grew from the Renaissance to promote an individualistic connection with God and spirituality as well as more appeal to emotions and drama. The items from art, music, architecture, philosophy and literature found in the time capsules are indicative of the events taking place during these two time periods.
From the Paper
"The Renaissance represents the time period between the Middle Ages and the Reformation - roughly the 14th century through the 15th century. Many historians view the Renaissance as a period of intellectual and artistic rebirth in which European culture thrived. The arts would likely be represented in the Renaissance time capsule by oil paintings on canvas or by sculpture. The work of artists such as Da Vinci who use shadow and light to portray three dimensions in their paintings are likely to be found in the time capsule. As such, we could expect to find Da Vinci's Mona Lisa painting. We may also find a sculpture by Michelango such as his famed David sculpture which represents beliefs during the Renaissance about beauty in the nude form being a reflection of God's power."
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High Renaissance, 2004.
An insight into the High Renaissance era of art history.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Renaissance movement, which took place in Europe from the early 14th to late 16th century, and witnessed a revival of interest in the values and artistic styles of classical antiquity, especially in Italy. In particular, it looks at how the culmination of the artistic revolution of the Early Renaissance led to what is now known as the High Renaissance to signify the period of explosion of creative genius, producing as it did the work of great artists, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. It examines how High Renaissance Art touched unparalleled heights of creative expression because it brought the artist?s personal expression into well-established techniques and style, thereby increasing the dramatic force and physical presence of a work of art . It also shows how an essential characteristic of High Renaissance Art is seen as its unified balance between technical skill and the artist?s intuition or personal expression.
From the Paper
"Leonardo da Vinci?s The Madonna of the Rocks exists in two, nearly identical versions; one, entirely credited to Leonardo, in the Louvre, Paris and the second, considered a collaboration because of its distinctly sixteenth century characteristics of larger figures, in London?s National Gallery. Both versions depict a supposed meeting of the Christ Child and the infant saint John. The painting shows the infant Baptist, sheltering under Mary?s cloak, venerating the Christ Child in a cool, watery wilderness. The figures, grouped in a pyramid, are glimpsed in a dimly lit grotto setting of rocks and water, a setting that inspired the work?s name."
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The Renaissance Man and Woman, 2007.
This paper defines the qualities of the ideal Renaissance man or woman.
1,162 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the qualities deemed necessary for one to be considered a renaissance man or woman. These characteristics are taken from literary sources of the Renaissance. The features of the Renaissance man and woman suggest at once a superficial concern with appearances and at the same time an appreciation for the innate talents and abilities of every human being. The author takes issue with the lack of morality placed on the Renaissance man or women.
From the Paper
"Physical prowess and mastery of weaponry are essential skills for Castiglione's Renaissance man. Both men and woman are victims of their physical endowments. According to Castiglione, being too tall or too short can hinder the development of a man's athletic skills (p. 34). The Renaissance man is also literally well-rounded: he should be agile and strong, with "shapely" limbs (Castiglione, p. 30, line 26). Renaissance women must also fulfill specific requirements. Though they should develop their bodies as well as their minds, Renaissance women should not undertake strenuous activities, as even dancing too energetically can impede her "womanly sweetness," (Castiglione, p. 35, line 192). Neither men nor women should take sport--or anything else--too seriously because being well-rounded is more important than being a specialist. At the same time, both Castiglione and Alberti infer an appreciation for the diligent development of specific talents and skills, whether tennis, dancing, or archery. Therefore, the ideal person is not a dilettante. When the Renaissance man or woman becomes proficient at something, he or she can show that skill off in polite company, though without conceit. Being what modern people would call "cool" is a key component of the Renaissance ideal. Castiglione calls that feature "nonchalance," and the Renaissance man and woman should be talented and modest at the same time."
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