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Multinational Enterprises, 2001.
An analyses of multinational enterprises through a case study of Unilever Corporation.
1,980 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 12 sources, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper provides the history of Unilever and explores the complexity of exporting and licensing of multinational products. It investigates the life cycle of international products and the OLI paradigm. The paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of being multinational company. It includes diagrams that support the research.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Lever Brothers
Exporting
Multinational
Product Life Cycle
Merger with Margarine Unie
OLI Paradigm
Other Reasons Why a Firm becomes a Multinational
Advantages
Disadvantages
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Unilever was formed in 1930 through the joint venture of two companies - Margarine Unie and Lever Brothers. Between them they had operations in over 40 countries.
Unilever was formed as a multinational.
Some multinationals are vertically integrated, with different productive processes occurring in different countries. Others are horizontal, where the same production operations occur in different countries. Unilever is a horizontally integrated firm, where, for example, one of their products is ice cream, in which the same production occurs in different countries.
The company has a strong portfolio including more than 1,000 brands, concentrating on the food, detergent, personal products, and specialty chemicals markets.
Unilever is the 2nd largest multinational in the UK."
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Multinational Enterprises and Developing Countries, 2003.
Examines whether developing countries should fear multinational enterprises (MNEs).
2,703 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This essay shows why developing countries should not fear MNEs. This essay discusses economic factors pertaining to this issue. Following a detailed analysis of the impact of MNEs, the writer demonstrates the case of South Korea, which is one of the 'Four Tigers'. The South Korea case forms an excellent example of the point made here above, namely, that MNEs and their investments need not to be feared but rather be encouraged by developing countries.
1. Introduction
2. Analytical Framework
2.1. The Nature of MNEs and Proposed Investment
2.2. Host Countries' Attributes
3. The Impact of MNEs on Developing Countries
3.1. Resource Transfer Effects
3.1.1. Capital
3.1.2. Technology
3.1.3. Management
3.1.4. Criticisms
3.2. Competition
3.3. Balance of Payments Account
3.4. Employment
4. The Case: South Korea
5. Conclusion
6. Reference List
From the Paper
"Today's global economy characterized by free trade, free flow of capital and to certain extent free flow of management and technical personnel, is embodied by multinational enterprises (MNEs). Since the end of World War II, MNEs have made substantial investment for operating business in many developing countries. History has shown that MNEs, which undertook foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing countries, strongly contributed to the economic growth of these host countries, hence to the improvement of their living standards. The advantages of FDI generated by MNEs outweighed by far the disadvantages of FDI and the presence of MNEs in these countries, respectively. This is exhibited especially in the case of the four Tiger States in Asia, but also in Latin America and partly in Africa. In the end, the free market system has always proved itself as the major catalyst for economic growth."
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Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), 2004.
An analysis of the commitment of MNEs to decent working conditions in Mexico drawing on the case of Mexico.
2,217 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Mexico, like many of the world's developing nations, has attempted to stimulate its economy by enticing investment from external sources, most notably from that of multi-national enterprises (MNEs). It looks at how such corporations are enticed to Mexico and other such countries by low wages, low tax rates and other formal incentives and how in their quest to attract investment, the Mexican government has allowed standards on wages, labour conditions and working hours to fall in a race for competitivity. It aims to assess how varying MNEs across many industries have reacted to these low working standards.
From the Paper
"In the 1960s, the Mexican government looked east to find ways to promote economic growth and prosperity for its citizens. The rapid growth of countries such as South Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan offered examples of how export-orientated production could rapidly aid development. Mexico took initiative and offered foreign firms beneficial rates to set up factories in certain areas of Mexico, most notably along the northern border with the United States (see Cravey, 1998). Such areas, known as export-processing zones (EPZs) emerged in Southeast Asia as a way of concentrating growth as well as limiting external influence and foreign ownership "
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Multinational Corporations, 2006.
A study of the effects of global strategies of multinational enterprises.
5,100 words (approx. 20.4 pages), 19 sources, MLA, £ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the impact of globalization on the strategies of multinational companies. The paper begins with a brief discussion of globalization and then turns to the purpose of multinational entities and so-called stateless corporations. Next, the paper examines the growing trend toward true multi-nationalism and inter-organizational collaboration, rather than American-based companies trying to single-handedly dominate international markets. Companies cited as examples include Motorola, IBM and Kodak. The paper also discusses the triad of trading spheres, comprised of the U.S., Japan and Europe. Finally, the paper addresses anxieties about multi-nationalism and, in particular, free trade agreements. The paper refutes concern about the advent of the global payroll, which has produced dramatic changes in world labor markets, and issues of resource control.
From the Paper
"The emergence of global multinational enterprises and the integration of national economic systems have strong implications for international trade and economic policy for the United States. Some traditional policy instruments are being rendered ineffective by globalization and the new inter-dependence of international and domestic policies. Nonetheless, the challenge of forming responsive, rational and efficient trade and investment policies must be met. New attitudes need to respond to new realities, as the definition of national interests continues to evolve."
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Ethical Leadership, 2005.
A discussion regarding ethics in multinational enterprise.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role of business ethics across the multinational enterprise. It discusses the role of ethics in the executive decision making process and offers several recent examples of ethical failings in multinational enterprises. The result of this examination concludes that ethic decision making begins with, the appointment of ethical people.
From the Paper
"The preponderance of evidence seems to support that ethical decision making on the part of international business organizations tends to provide positive financial results in the long term. The inverse is true as well in that short term unethical decision making tends to produce better financial results. This is Occam's razor at its purist which postulates that the simplest explanation, especially in this case, is always sufficient. The complete lack of ethical decision making, within the last five years, has singularly led to a host of spectacular multinational enterprise (MNE) corporate implosions: "WorldCom, Adelphia, Global Crossing, Qwest, Tyco...These...ethical failures in...business...have taken a terrible toll. They have: destroyed some of the world's largest companies and hundreds of billions of dollars in shareholder value..."(Copeland, 2005, p.36)."
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Economic Development and Enterprise Zones, 2008.
An analysis of the purpose and implications of enterprise zones and minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise programs in North Carolina.
1,349 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the implications of economic development, particularly in the form of enterprise zones. The paper defines enterprise zones and discusses their purpose, and focuses on the strengthening of enterprise zones in the state of North Carolina. The paper also looks at the cost benefit analysis and the incentives for the government to set up th development programs in the form of minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise (MWDBE) programs. Finally, the paper looks at the ethical consequences associated with the programs.
Table of Contents:
Enterprise Zones
Enterprise Zone and Economic Development
Cost Benefit Analysis
Incentives
Ethical Consequences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The city of Charlotte focuses consistently on the needs of the community and the ethical standards that are essential in evaluating programs and the populations that those programs affect ("City", 2006, p. 14). In some locations the economic development initiatives that have been attempted through the creation of enterprise zones have not been affective because of the government's willingness to bend rules regarding enterprise zone policies and support wealthy business owners. Yet, in North Carolina this issue was alleviated with the changes in the policies associated with enterprise zones in 1999. It is for this reason that it is evident that the inclusion of MWBDE businesses within enterprise zones in North Carolina would be handled with the utmost ethical considerations, leading to a successful partnership between enterprise zones and the disadvantaged businesses in the zone areas."
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TREC Enterprise Track, 2006.
A review of TREC Enterprise Track as an organizational tool.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, £ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the recent research on the TREC Enterprise Track, showing that the Enterprise Track includes research into ways of developing enterprise track searching, a means of providing data to a user who is searching the data of an organization to complete some task. Such a track is usually an internal search for data gathered and stored by the given enterprise, be that a business, a university, a government project, or any type of research project or business enterprise that gathers data. The paper further discusses how other users in the same organization can make use of this data for other purposes, for developing trends, for making predictions, and for many other tasks, and an enterprise search enables these users to find what they want in a useful form.
From the Paper
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Enterprise-Wide Networking, 2004.
A discussion on the management of enterprise-wide networking.
2,903 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
In recent years, enterprise-wide networking has been the topic of discussion. Advances in technology and networking systems have caused organizations to develop new management techniques for enterprise-wide networks. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the management of enterprise-wide networking by focusing on four aspects of enterprise-wide networking, including legacy systems, Internet security, off-shore development, and support and mobile computing. It investigates how each of these aspects is handled within an enterprise.
Outline
Introduction
Legacy Systems
Internet Security
Off-shore Development and Support
Mobile Computing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the main means of internet security is through digital certifcation authorities (CA). This method includes the use of usernames, and passwords among other things. Authentification attempts to protect an enterprise wide network from hackers and to protect consumers from identity theft. An article in the CPA Journal explains that there are five areas of digital certification that need to be resolved. (PKI: The Key to Enhanced Internet Security Standards...2003 These areas include; Required identification, Authentication and authorization procedures, levels of assurance assigned to certificates, Accreditation of root and subordinate CAs under the WebTrust for Certification Authorities Program and Consistent application of standards across the CA industry (PKI: The Key to Enhanced Internet Security Standards...2003)."
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ERP Solutions for Small to Medium Enterprise (SMEs), 2006.
A study of the use of ERP (enterprise resource planning) solutions in SMEs (small and medium enterprises).
3,847 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 19 sources, MLA, £ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a discussion and case study analysis concerning the various strategies that enterprise resource planning (ERP) vendors have developed. The paper uses examples of findings from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) who have utilized these new options. Included is an assessment of what barriers exist in the implementation of ERP systems in SMEs. The study also provides an overview of the relevant issues, as well as those factors that contributed to their success or failure. Salient findings and a summary of the research, including the fact that virtually all small to medium-sized enterprises can take advantage of the benefits offered through a well selected ERP package, are provided in the conclusion, as well as recommendations to follow.
From the Paper
"Today, more and more SMEs are being pressured by an increasingly globalized economy to modify their traditional management styles, both operationally and organizationally, by replacing them with more streamlined and integrated systems that serve to improve the speed and flexibility of their physical and information flows (Jones, 2002), help synchronize demand with supply, and help manage transactions more accurately (Bigras & Gelinas, 2004). There are, however, a wide range of ERP alternatives available to assist in this regard, depending on what size firm is involved (Laursen, 2002). The majority of the ERP software packages are most appropriate for companies with more than $500 million in annual sales and more than 500 employees (Johnston, 2003); however, there are now a number of ERP solutions available on the market and even the main ERP players have solutions that are appropriate for the SME market (Krystkowiak, Bucciarelli & Dubois, 2004; Bielski, 2002). According to the report, "Mid-market Manufacturers and the New Landscape for Enterprise Resource Planning" (2005), "Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are streamlining and automating processes that small manufacturers would have found cumbersome to carry out on a global basis. This process improvement, in turn, allows these manufacturers to extend their geographic reach at lower costs" (p. 3). Therefore, ERP packages provide SME managers with more efficient and effective ways to interconnect geographically dispersed stakeholders and integrate existing information and communication technologies (Blenkhorn & Fleisher, 2001)."
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Free Enterprise: What it is and How to Use it, 2008.
This paper explores the principles and advantages of a free enterprise system.
1,674 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper explains free enterprise (FE) as the principle that individual people and companies should be allowed to pursue their own enterprise without threat from over-regulation by government and from government intervention. The paper details the basic components of private property, a free press and a laissez-faire economic environment. The paper explores the benefits of FE for a state and its people if implemented correctly.
Outline:
What is It?
What Can FE Do?
Basic Underlying Components
Free Enterprise and How to Use It
Government in Free Enterprise
From the Paper
"American Free Enterprise (FE) has its foundation in the principles of free enterprise and capitalism as outlined by Adam Smith in his ground breaking work on economic theory, The Wealth of Nations: "...the basic principles were first laid down in a book published in 1776 by the Scottish economist Adam Smith (1723-1790). Known as The Wealth of Nations...it has often been referred to as ''the bible of capitalism''..."(Shaffer 1). One of the basic tenets of FE as propounded by Adam Smith and as embraced by the United States is that individual people and companies should be allowed to pursue their own enterprise without threat from over-regulation by government and from government intervention."
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Enterprise Service Bus Architectures, 2007.
A discussion on enterprise service bus (ESB) architectures in manufacturing.
4,879 words (approx. 19.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 86.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how many business drivers that are influencing and growing the use of enterprise service bus (ESB) architectures throughout global manufacturing are also making it critical for manufacturers to take into account the need for greater synchronization of supply chains across the many sourcing, supply chain, manufacturing, fulfillment and service centers. The paper discusses how, over and above the need for manufacturers to synchronize these disparate, legacy and often non-integrated systems with enterprise resource planning (ERP), supply chain, distributed order management, and often, global customer relationship management (CRM) systems is the more fundamental challenge of turning all these systems into competitive advantages in the marketplace.
Outline:
Introduction
Table 1: Planning Web Services For Channels: Real-Time Versus Batch Integration
Figure 1: Manufacturer's dilemma regarding mass customization and channel implications of integration
Figure 2: An example of a Brokered ESB Pattern Model
Implications of Visualization Grids on ESB in Manufacturing
Figure 4: Combining BPEL4WP and Key Performance Indicator Financial Performance
Figure 5: An Example of a Manufacturing Dashboard
Figure 6: IBM WebSphere's' Hierarchical Model
ESB as the Catalyst for attaining The Perfect Order
Table 2: Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Relative to The Perfect Order
Enterprise Service Bus Case Studies
Areas for Future Research
References
From the Paper
"The logic of many global manufacturers is that while they are incurring the costs of attaining compliance to government regulations and standards for financial disclosure, they can at the same time completely re-define their IT strategies to better align with the needs of their business. In this regard many manufacturers today look to compliance as the impetus for change, and the primary reason to re-architecting how information technologies and services support making their organizations more agile and flexible."
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Case Study: Pfizer Enterprise Risk Management, 2008.
Looks at enterprise risk management (ERM) at Pfizer from the viewpoint of the Sarbanes-Oxley financial reporting requirements.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses enterprise risk management from the viewpoint of new financial reporting requirements in the corporate world, specifically those associated with Sarbanes-Oxley legislation in the United States. Additionally, this brief implementation plan discusses enterprise risk management from the perspective of a single company: Pfizer. Pfizer scale and scope of operations ensures that it requires the most comprehensive of plans. Additionally, the particular enterprise risk management planning strategy employed is the COSO framework.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Company Overview
COSO and Sarbanes Oxley
COSO
Sarbanes-Oxley
Implementation Framework
Control Environment
Risk Assessment
Control Activities
Information and Communication
Monitoring
From the Paper
"Pfizer's executive leadership should identify financial reporting objectives with sufficient clarity and specificity to enable the identification of risks to reliable financial reporting. Pfizer should identify and analyze risks that are associated with preventing the achievement of financial reporting objectives as a basis for determining how the risks should be managed. The potential for possible financial misstatement due to fraudulent reporting should be incorporated when assessing risks to the achievement of financial reporting objectives with the company."
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Multinational Corporations, 2005.
The study of multinational corporations.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at multinational corporations and analyzes the nature of these businesses. It examines the diverse businesses that multinational corporations are involved in, such as manufactured good, dealing in natural resources, banking and finance. The paper discusses the multinational corporations' ability to reach all parts of the world.
From the Paper
"Multinational corporations are located all over the world. They have everything they need to operate anywhere on earth. That is because they are self-sustaining. Some of these corporations produce manufactured goods such as cars; other multinational corporations deal in oil or chemicals. They produce and sell products all around the world. They may produce their products in Canada as well as in China and India. The products of multinational corporations are then sold in all countries around the world. The multinational corporations also extract resources from all parts of the globe and sell those resources all over the world. They also are involved in banking and financial.."
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Multinational Corporations, 2005.
This paper explores if multinational corporations threaten the autonomy of third world countries.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that recent years have seen a massive rise in the number, size and power of global corporations, also called multinational corporations. The author points out that some multinational corporations have economies that are larger than the economies of many developing countries. The paper argues that the autonomy of developing countries is seriously threatened by multinational corporations and that the autonomy of many of them is already compromised.
From the Paper
"Recent years have seen a massive rise in the number, size and power of global corporations, also called multinational corporations. This has risen to the point where some multinational corporations have economies that are larger than the economies of many developing countries. What does this mean for the developing countries that house these multinational corporations? Will it be possible for them to maintain their autonomy in the face of this threat? It is here argued that in fact the autonomy of developing countries is seriously threatened by multinational corporations, and that the autonomy of many of them is already compromised."
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