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"Muckraking: Three Landmark Articles", 2002.
A review of two essays by Lincoln Steffens and Ray Stannard Baker from E. Fitzpatrick's edited volume "Muckraking: Three Landmark Articles."
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This essay examines E. Fitzpatrick's edited volume "Muckraking: Three Landmark Articles." The paper analyzes the essays written by Lincoln Steffens and Ray Stannard Baker. The two journalists were clearly worried about the growth of "bigness" at the time.
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Muckrakers, 2004.
An examination of the practice of muckrakers in journalism.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at historic and modern examples of how muckraking has spurred important social changes in American history. The later part of the paper also looks at modern examples of muckraking, based on modern issues and using modern technology. Given their importance in challenging the status quo, this paper argues that muckraking techniques are an intrinsic part of journalism and form an important foundation of American democracy.
From the Paper
"For many advocates of investigate journalism, the original motivations for what came to be termed as muckraking were rooted in spiritual values. Journalism professor Robert Miraldi (2000) believes that at the start of the 20th century, the original investigative reporters believed that many religious institutions were condoning injustice. Journalists exposed how most of the tenements and slums in New York City were actually owned by churches. These investigative reports generated an outcry that forced the churches to clean the tenements and improve the living conditions."
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British Landmarks, 2007.
An examination of the history of a number of British landmarks.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a number of British landmarks - it mentions the location, a little of the history and the uses of the place and describes how its use has changed in the present day. The paper discusses St. Paul's Cathedral, the Houses of Parliament, Globe Theater, the change of the Guard in Buckingham Palace, The Tower of London, Oxford, Stratford-on-Avon, Runnymede and Stonehenge.
From the Paper
" Stratford-on-Avon (Wikipedia 2006, AllRefer Encyclopedia 2005) is a constituency, which is represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is a town and a district in Warwickshire in central England on the Avon River, which owes its fame to the greatest English playwright, William Shakespeare. A gabled building on Henley street is believed to have been his birthplace, purchased in 1597. Most of the structures and places in Stratford connected with his life were bought in the 19th century, such as the Edward VI's Grammar School, where Shakespeare was believed to have attended; the Shakespeare Institute of the University of Birmingham and the Shakespeare Center built on the same street in 1964 (AllRefer, Wikipedia)."
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The Muckraker in the Progressive Era, 2002.
Compares and contrast the ideals of the muckraker journalist in the late nineteenth century.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
By discussing the economy of the Progressive Erain the United States during the nineteenth century, we can see why muckraker journalists disagreed and agreed on certain issues. Also, in this paper, there will be a study on how democracy increased, urbanization with the Sears Roebuck catalogue and the political parties of the era who had an influence on the mass production that was becoming commonplace in the later part of the Nineteenth century.
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Landmark Court Case - Marbury v. Madison, 2000.
A look at the landmark case which developed the power of the Supreme Court.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 0 sources, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the landmark court case Marbury v. Madison, which established the constitution as ?Supreme law? of the United States and developed the power of the Supreme Court, enhancing its independence and proving it a nonpartisan instrument. Elements of the case are discussed as well.
From the Paper
"As the government was newly establishing its stronghold on the nation, forging its way to a powerful republic and instituting precedents for the future, a struggle to preserve the foundations of American Society instituted by Washington and John Adams existed as Thomas Jefferson took office. In an attempt to maintain the ?edifice of the National Government? believing Jefferson would topple the prestigious nation with his atheist views, Adams appointed various Federalists to the judiciary. Thus, attributing to the single most significant case of the Supreme Court, Marbury V. Madison. A struggle between Republicans and Federalists that would end in a future altered by fate. This controversial landmark case established the constitution as ?Supreme law? of the United States and developed the power of the Supreme Court, enhancing its independence and proving it a nonpartisan instrument. It established the precedent for the Supreme Court to rule on the constitutionality of laws, through the principle of judicial review."
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Landmark Supreme Court Cases, 2006.
Examines four court decisions that changed the course of American society.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
Friedrich Nietzsche submits that "morality is a reflection of the needs and circumstances of the dominant groups" and these changing needs have historically been reflected in the courts. Through an examination of four landmark Supreme Court cases, the paper examines how evolving perceptions of social morality, defined by economic and political factors, have shaped and altered the American experience over time. The paper examines the cases 'Scott v. Sanford', 'Plessy v. Ferguson', 'Brown v. Board of Education', and 'Bush v. Gore'.
From the Paper
"The court stipulated that the inclusion and certification of any late returns was up to the descretion of the Secretary of State, Katherine Harris. Harris subsequently determined that no extensions were justified, prompting Gore's appeal to the Florida Supreme Court. The court ruled in favor of Gore prompting Bush's appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court (FindLaw). Gore sued to compel the completion of the recount but lost, and Harris declared Bush the winner in Florida (FindLaw). The majority opinion of the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court was that the Florida recount was unconstitutional, noting inconsistencies in the ways in which votes were counted."
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Marbury vs. Madison, 2005.
A discussion of whether the case of William Marbury versus James Madison should be considered a "landmark" case.
871 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper defines a landmark case as a case that reaches the upper levels of the country's judicial system, such as the Supreme Court, and has significant impact on large numbers of citizens and then takes a look at whether Marbury vs. Madison is one of these a landmark cases. The paper concludes that because the case had a significant effect on the expansion of civil rights, it should be deemed one of the preeminent landmark cases of all time.
From the Paper
"Adams, and the Federalist-controlled Congress, passed a new Judiciary Act that created a number of new federalist courts. 42 Federalists were appointed to these courts, on March 2nd, 2 days before Jefferson was to take office. The next day, the Senate approved the new judges. One of these judges was William Marbury, who was appointed Justice of the Peace, in the District of Columbia. Both Adams and John Marshall, as Adams' Secretary of State, signed his commission. To make matters more confusing, Adams had appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice a month earlier, however, he continued to act as Secretary of State until March 3rd, when he then became Chief Justice and swore in Jefferson as the new U.S. President ("Wikipedia: Marbury v. Madison")."
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Webster vs. Reproductive Health Services., 2002.
This research paper examines and analyzes the landmark Supreme Court case of Webster vs. Reproductive Health Services.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 9 sources, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This research paper examines and analyzes the landmark 1989 United States Supreme Court abortion case of Webster vs. Reproductive Health Services.
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Racial Discrimination, 2002.
A look at some landmark cases awarded against Fourth and Fifth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution regarding racial discrimination.
827 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper examines racial discrimination, as enforced through law enforcement personnel and in clear violation of the U.S Constitution. It discusses three landmark cases where the same racial justice in America was differently interpreted and the impact on the performance of the duty of the law enforcement officers. The cases are Mapp vs. Ohio, 1961; Terry vs. Ohio, 1968; and Miranda vs. Arizona, 1966.
From the Paper
"In the Miranda vs. Arizona case, petitioner Ernesto Miranda was taken into custody from his home and locked up in the Phoenix Police lock up facility. Upon identification by the complaining witness, Miranda was taken in to one of the interrogations rooms of the police station, and questioned by police officers. Miranda was not advised of his constitutional rights, nor his right to an attorney. Instead, Miranda was made to a sign a pre-typed statement, where-in it was categorically typed and mentioned that the confession by him was voluntarily made, was without any threats, or promises of immunity, and "with full knowledge of my legal rights, understanding any statement I make may be used against me". (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966)."
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'Selling Women Short', 2006.
A critical review and analysis of Liza Featherstone's "Selling Women Short: The Landmark Battle for Worker's Rights a Wal-mart".
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the book, "Selling Women Short: The Landmark Battle for Workers' Rights at Wal-Mart", the author, Liza Featherstone, focuses on sexual discrimination as practiced in Wal-Mart stores, and that her book centers on the case of Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores. More specifically, this paper, in addition to summarizing Featherstone's text, also describes the assumptions she makes in the book and critically assesses those assumptions and the presentation of the material in the book as well. The paper contends that, ultimately, while compelling, readers would do well to challenge some of Featherstone's implicit assumptions and not be overly swayed by her emotional arguments.
From the Paper
"Liza Featherstone turns her journalistic talents to sexual discrimination as practiced in Wal-Mart stores in Selling Women Short: The Landmark Battle for Workers' Rights at Wal-Mart. Specifically, the book centers on the case of Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores (2000). In that case, Betty Dukes acted as the lead plaintiff in a class action lawsuit against Wal-Mart involving 1.6 million other women from the extent of Wal-Mart stores. The purpose of this essay is to examine Featherstone's Selling Women Short. "
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The Crucifixion of Jesus, 2007.
A critical analysis of George MacLeod's description of the crucifixion of Jesus in "Landmarking: City, Church, & Jesuit Urban Strategy" by Thomas Lucas.
1,593 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes George MacLeod's view of the crucifixion of Jesus, as seen in "Landmarking: City, Church, & Jesuit Urban Strategy" by Thomas Lucas. It describes his views of view of the city, the church and of Christians of the time. The paper then discusses in what ways MacLeod's argument could be defended or confirmed and to what extent his statement could be refuted or reformulated. Finally, the paper discusses the Jesuit inclinations or motivations toward mission that are echoed in MacLeod's statement.
From the Paper
"Macleod relates beautifully that Jesus died among those whose lives, both physical and spiritual that he had made his business while upon the earth. Macleod with just a few words assists the reader in understanding that among all the negative factors described by MacLeod, that something precious to Jesus was to be found in the city where he died and that Jesus had found good and beauty within the city among the harlots, murderers and thieves no matter the appearance. Macleod vividly provides a description to drive home his point about the field of mission and where the responsibility of the individual who follows the path of Jesus lay."
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Ford Pinto and Corporate Crime, 2004.
A discussion of corporate crime through a close examination of the Ford Pinto case, one of the landmark cases in corporate criminology.
2,829 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the Ford Pinto case, one of the landmark cases in corporate criminology. The first part of the paper examines the facts of the Ford Pinto case from the supposed decision to ?rush? the production of the unsafe car to the effects of the 1980 criminal trial of the Ford Motor Company for reckless homicide. It then uses the framework of research on white-collar crime and studies on organizational culture and structure to examine the lack of safety and recall regulations that may have contributed to as much as 500 deaths. It concludes that, in addition to the drive for profit, the institutional norms embedded in the organizational structure of the Ford Company, as well as within the NHTSA at the time, contributed significantly to the lack of both internal and external regulations. The lack of these regulations, in turn, resulted in unsafe cars that caused many of their occupants to lose their lives.
Outline
Review of Literature
Background of Ford Case
Ford?s Organizational Structure
Administrative Evil and the Lack of Regulation
Corporate Crime and Administrative Evil
From the Paper
"Much of the literature on the Ford Pinto case focuses on how consumer safety was willingly sacrificed in the face of ?corporate greed.? Dowie (1977) wrote the first and definitive account in his Pulitzer Prize winning ?Pinto Madness.? In this expose, Dowie unearthed documents proving that the engineers and managers Ford Company knew of the Pinto?s safety problems for at least seven years, but refused to make the necessary safety changes. This decision, Dowie charged, was based on the concept of profit maximization."
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Abortion and the Constitution, 2004.
Questions whether the Supreme Court acted irresponsibly in its landmark decision to make abortion protected by the Constitution.
5,100 words (approx. 20.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 87.95
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Abstract
A discussion of why the decision set forth in Roe vs. Wade was unconstitutional. This paper is not a discussion of the author's personal views; it is instead an analysis of why the Supreme Court acted irresponsibly in its landmark decision that made abortion legal in the United States. The essay describes why the Supreme Court did not possess the judicial authority to decide the case and the flaws in their reasoning that this type of protection falls under the United States Constitution. This paper emphasizes the reasons that individual states should have the power to create abortion-related laws and protections without interference from the federal government. Also included in the essay is a discussion about how this challenge might be approached in future legal battles to overturn Roe v. Wade and a brief discussion of Norma McCorvey, aka Jane Roe, and her current opposition to the Supreme Court ruling that she helped create.
From the Paper
"The United States Constitution remains the oldest, written constitution and one of the most successful documents in history. This "supreme law of the land" also established the first federal form of government, as well as the first system of checks and balances to prevent any single branch of government from gaining too much power. Despite the ostensible simplicity of the Constitution, or perhaps because of it, the interpretation and application of this celebrated document are often the most fiercely debated topics of law. All constitutional decisions ultimately refer to the limited text of the Constitution and its amendments, rendering constitutional law the most challenging area of law due to the broad range of situations that the text is anticipated to encompass. The Supreme Court, the judicial body responsible for making such determinations, will occasionally err in its interpretation; however, history has shown that most critical errors will eventually be rectified. Both in theory and in application, I would deem the decision in Roe v. Wade to be an ideal example of the occurrence of such errors. In what was undoubtedly one of the Supreme Court's most controversial rulings, the Roe v. Wade decision declared that abortion was a right guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution under an implied right to privacy. The deficiencies of this landmark decision are not a question of morality. In my eyes, the Court's reasoning had a detrimental effect on the very structure of the Constitution and subsequently on individual rights."
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Flag Desecration and Fighting Words, 2001.
Analysis of flag desecration as symbolic speech including symbolic speech and the first amendment; symbolic speech and fighting words and the landmark decision of Texas V. Johnson.
2,241 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough analysis of the landmark case involving flag desecration, Texas V. Johnson, and the idea of flag desecration as fighting words. In order to argue for the recognition of flag desecration as fighting words, which are federally recognized elements of speech that by their very utterance incite a breech of the peace, the author first makes a clear and concise argument for flag desecration as symbolic speech.
From the Paper
"In 1892, New York Baptist minister, Francis Bellamy wrote a few heartfelt words into his prayer book. The short prayer was to express his appreciation of the freedoms provided for in his beloved country ? America. Today we know that short prayer to be the Pledge of Allegiance. For more than one hundred years, American school children, new American citizens and men and women of the military have recited the patriotic prayer to show their loyalty to America. And although the recitors of the ?pledge? face an American flag, the pledge is not of allegiance to the flag, but to the United States of America. In fact, Bellamy wrote that while thinking of the pledge his emphasis was on ?the republic for which it stands.? (Baer) We may further understand that the republic by his definition, is synonymous with America."
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