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Morality in America, 2007.
A discussion of universal morality and whether it can be applied to today's culture in America.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether there is a universal morality that knows no race, no geographical boundaries, no time and no particular religion. It then discusses whether this ideal of universal morality can be applied to the United States today. The paper looks briefly at American culture and discusses the values that are evident and if its negative cultural values can be improved.
From the Paper
"The "universal morality" is based on the virtues of-truthfulness, honesty, duty, responsibility, unselfishness, loyalty, honor, compassion and courage. Americans in the past built moral values into our society, in the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. And the passing along these values to consecutive generations has been a reflection, however imperfect, of this universal morality. All of our great men in our early history, all of our heroes, have been exemples of some, if not all, of these virtues. The values they found taught in the Bible and other great philosophical works backed up their goal--to build a just and equitable society."
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Employee Morale in Corporate America, 2005.
An analysis of the importance of employee morale and how critical it is to the success of a company.
6,001 words (approx. 24.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 98.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this report is to educate upper-level management and line managers on the importance of employee morale. It first discusses what morale is and its significance in the corporate structure. Then it addresses who is affected by low morale and how. It also explains the high costs related to low employee morale, the critical role managers play in morale, signs of deteriorating employee morale, and techniques for improving morale. In the concluding pages, a proposal is presented on how upper-level management within corporate America can help improve morale. Some of the solutions include transformational training for managers, employee empowerment, improved ties between reward and performance, and improvements on basic employee practices, all of which can be implemented using a 7-step morale-boosting program described in the recommendations section of this paper.
Outline
Overview: Report
Introduction: Employee Morale Problem
Background: Corporate America's Morale Problem
What is Morale?
Significance of Employee Morale
Deteriorating Employee Morale
Case Studies
Recommendations: Ideas for Improving Employee Morale
Techniques for Improving Morale
Action Plan
Tying it All Together
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A great way to help upper-level management discover employee problems is through an employee satisfaction survey. A well-orchestrated employee survey can lead to high return rates and help uncover hidden many workplace problems. However in order to receive helpful information from these surveys they must: (1) establish clear goals and objectives, (2) ask the right questions the right way, (3) collect data the right way at the right time, and (4) ensure confidentiality. The most important thing is that management must take clear follow-up actions. After reviewing and collecting the data have a group meeting informing the employees on the findings of the survey, how management intents to go about addressing the issues, ask for feedback, and implement the necessary changes."
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Aurora Levins Morales' "Child of the Americas", 2006.
This paper is a line-by-line analysis of the poem "Child of the Americas" by Aurora Levins Morales, which addresses issues of identity, citizenship and history.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 0 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, today, after the abolishment of slavery, a new paradigm of tolerance has forced a new way for the descendants of immigrants and natives to view their own identities. The author points out that the speaker of the poem, "Child of the Americas", provides the reader with an assortment of different images that emerge from the varied and colorful history from which the current American nation has been formed. The paper relates that, at the end of the poem, the speaker brings all the different ideas together into an identity that is a combination of all the others images---a unique American. The poem is included in the paper.
From the Paper
"Line 18 is interesting in that it contains the final transition before the climax. The speaker suddenly appears to realize that she has both assimilated and transcended the old to become new. This does not mean, as said above, that the old is replaced. Instead, heritage becomes part of the new awareness born in both the speaker and the reader. As if a little afraid of the sudden realization however, the speaker takes a final glimpse back before moving forward to the glorious climax. The word "Spanglish" focuses the central theme of the poem that supports the climax."
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Morality in Aristotle, Paul, and Modern America, 2004.
The ways in which the morality of both Aristotle and Paul converge in modern America.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the ways in which morality of both Aristotle's and Paul's schools of thought come together in modern America. It looks at how Aristotle's idea of reason, or "logos," must be taught and then be used in the real world. It then moves on to Paul, who believes that morality must be gained by giving oneself completely to God. The paper finally looks at how modern America has brought these two schools of thought together.
From the Paper
"Do to others as you would have them do to you," is something we have all heard in some form or another at some point in our lives. To put it another way would be to treat people how you would want to be treated. This simple rule can be seen as the foundation, the beginning of many people's moral code, which they will use for the rest of their lives. It will guide their decision-making processes from the simplest choices like whether or not to tell a white lie, and all the way up to life and death situations. The question is how do we come to those decisions that can have such far-reaching consequences and feel comfortable that we have made the right, or shall we say the best decision? Are moral decisions based on the rules we have been taught by our parents, the laws of society, the consequences of an action, or a more deep desire to promote goodness in the world in which we live in? There has been a countless number of people who have attempted to define the moral code. Aristotle believed that one learns morality through philosophy and then actually using it in the real world. The apostle Paul thought that one should follow God's will, or moral code, out of love and faith. Modern America can see a convergence of these two schools of thought, which form our morality. Our morality comes from learning through our parents, religion, and the society around us where by repetition of these rules we are able to base our decisions on these principles, which are ultimately used with our natural reason."
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Moral Standards and Moral Consistency, 2008.
This paper explores the moral standards in the associations of Eberhard Faber, Incorporated.
1,049 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the decision to allow Eberhard Faber to associate with known bribe-givers. The paper is of the opinion that this association seems like an affront to the moral consistency requirement demanded of any credible moral standard. The paper contends that respecting the law in some, but not in all, circumstances makes a mockery of the organization's avowed commitment to legal dictates and therefore is inherently immoral.
From the Paper
"Before going too far, the stakeholders in this situation need to be listed. Obviously, the share-holders of Eberhard Faber are one significant stake-holder; so too is the Board of Directors and, especially, the key principals (Mr. Faber and Mr. Carey) who offer widely divergent views on how to approach this matter. Not to be forgotten, the other company involved is a stake-holder as it could lose a major deal with an American company - a deal it would seem to covet. Lastly, IRS and legal consultants who convinced Mr. Faber that the deal was above-board and breached no US laws are stake-holders with credibility on the line (for a lengthier discussion on all of these parties, please see "Eberhard Faber, Inc.," n.d.). In the end, many people stand to win - or lose."
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Nietzsche, Morality, and the French Revolution, 2000.
This paper is a reconstruction of Nietzsche's moral theory in "On the Genealogy of Morals" and its application to the moral-political philosophies of the Old Regime and the French Revolution.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination of Nietzsche's "On the Genealogy of Morals" and its relation to the historical context in which it was written. A parallel is drawn between Nietzsche's view of the historical evolution of morality and the development of the moral-political philosophies of the Ancient (Old) Regime and the French Revolution. The Ancient Regime is associated with Nietzsche's idea of "good, bad" morality, while the French Revolution is connected with "good, evil" morality. Some other issues discussed are the idea of the slave revolt and the morality of Napoleon.
From the Paper
"Every civilized society is concerned with its moral fabric: the ethical and behavioral norms that all citizens are expected to obey. Morality, on its surface, appears to be a philosophical issue. Some people speak of a universal morality, beyond time and devolving upon all people equally. In this way, they explain the prevalence of certain moral laws, for instance, the prohibition against murder, in almost every society. Others view morality as a subjective concept, yet still one with philosophical origins. They maintain that many societies possess laws against murder because each group of people has made an independent philosophical evaluation, and determined that the value of life is something they as cohabitants of the same state all uphold. For Friedrich Nietzsche, both of these approaches are fundamentally flawed."
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"Morality in Practice", 2002.
An analysis of morality for the lower class struggle in "Morality in Practice" by James Sterba.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper will seek to understand how James Sterba in his book "Morality in Practice", seeks to understand the justification for morality to the poor. By understanding the arguments he presents, we can see a valid formation of morality for the lower class struggle.
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Is Legislating Morality Immoral?, 2008.
An argument that the legislative attempts to moralize victimless behavior have created a crisis of over-criminalization in America.
1,558 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the phenomenon of over-criminalization in America today. The paper discusses how there is a proliferation of laws that punish people for behavior that, while considered immoral by some portion of the population, has no real victims and creates no lasting harms. The paper contends that although determining criminal behavior is a moral process, a freedom-based society has to balance society's moral views with the concepts of personal liberty and justice.
From the Paper
"To understand how overcriminalization happens, one must first understand criminalization. Lawmakers respond to societal pressures by creating laws to address new social issues. This is not an inherently negative process. For example, before the advent of the internet, many behaviors that are currently considered criminal were not considered crimes and placed people in danger of victimization. This has happened in the area of violent crimes as well. As recently as a century ago, child molestation was not generally acknowledged, and such behavior was certainly not criminalized. As society became aware that child molestation was a problem, the behavior began to be criminalized. Furthermore, as society became aware of how serious and dramatic the impact of molestation is on a child's life, legislators responded by increasing the penalties for those crimes. In circumstances such as those described above, criminalization is a positive phenomenon because it penalizes behavior that has the potential for creating serious harm and is, by its nature, victimizing."
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Freud and Nietzsche on Morality, 2002.
A look at the different manifestations of morality in the writings of Freud and Nietzsche.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination of the perspective of moral qualities in the works of Sigmund Freud and Friedrich Nietzsche. Morality is compared in two formats: These formats are those of the individual morality, or how morality applies to a single person, and the social morality, or how morality works within a social context.
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Benefits of a Teleological Theory of Morality, 2004.
Compares teleology, deontology, and the virtue-based systems of morality, making an argument for the teleological system of morality.
1,142 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This essay brings out the positive and negative points in the three major systems of morality: teleology, deontology, and the Aristotle's virtue-based systems of morality. It then explains why Mill's theory of Utilitarianism (teleology) would be better in today's society.
From the Paper
"The majority of the population, probably including yourself, claims they act "morally". Many of these people ask other people to act "morally", but when you ask these "moral" people what morality is they stand there for a minute, and almost every single person will give you the wrong answer. So what is morality? In brief, morality is a basic set of principles that people follow. A perfect example would be Osama Bin Laden, a man that believes completely in what he does, and does it to his best. He has his own set of "morals" which he follows perfectly. He is acting morally. On the other hand we have Saddam Hussein; he does not follow any set of standards consistently, and therefore is not considered "moral". Obviously someone who acts morally may be acting morally according to their set of standards, but in our opinion are very wrong. This is because we have different systems of morality. There are three major systems of morality: Immanuel Kant's theory of Deontology, Aristotle's theory on Virtues, and finally the theory of Utility, or the Utilitarian principles of Teleology."
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Morality, 2002.
An examination of two different models of human morality as debated in the ancient world: The moral nihilism of Thrasymachus and the moral realism of Plato.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to answer the question of what it means to be moral and shows that defining the limits of human morality is a complex and ambiguous task. It discusses in detail two different models by two different philosophers -Thrasymachus and Plato. After considering the strengths and weaknesses of each model, including the personal consequences of adopting one, the paper concludes by selecting one of the models as being (personally) preferable, even if it is not as true.
From the Paper
"Socrates ? like modern-day adherents of most of the world?s major religions, including Judaism, Christianity and Islam ? would argue that it is better to be just for its own sake, or at least because the gods or God reward those who are good. (Socrates in fact argues that it is better to be moral even if acting in a right and moral way causes one to gain a bad reputation ? as does sometimes happen ? for it is always better to adhere to the path of truth than to be concerned about popularity or reputation, which are transient.) Another response would be to assert a claim of moral nihilism, which is the proposition that in fact there are no true ethical principles (viz. Morgan 21-23)."
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Is it Possible to Separate Law and Morality?, 2002.
This essay illustrates that the separation of law and morality is both possible and impossible, depending on how one defines the phrase ?separation of law and morality?.
2,390 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 38 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
The essay explores the legal positivist separation thesis. It approaches the question of whether it is possible to separate law and morality from two aspects- first, the content of the law and secondly, the judicial decision maing process. The writer makes reference to the policy of removing part-Aboriginal children from their families and communities, and placing them in special purpose institutions to support his argument.
From the Paper
"It has been described as ;arguably the most tragic and shameful chapter in Australia";s history.; From the late nineteenth century to the late 1960's, Australian governments carried out the policy of removing part-Aboriginal children from their families and communities, placing them in special purpose institutions. Often, these removals were carried out by force. The purpose of this removal policy was to assimilate the part-Aboriginals with the white community as the full-blooded Aboriginals were believed to be a doomed race in the sense that they would die out. A large number of the children suffered physical and emotional mistreatment following the removal from their families. The children who were removed under this policy came to be known as ";the stolen generation" This sets the backdrop against which I will discuss whether it is possible to separate law and morality with respect to the Australian court"s law making power.4 The separation of law and morality is the foundation of legal positivism. Positivists often criticize natural law theorists for blurring the line between law and morals. This essay aims, by examining three stolen generation cases, to illustrate that the separation of law and morality is both possible and impossible, depending on how one defines the phrase ";separation of law and morality."
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Inner and Outer Morality, 2007.
This paper discusses inner and outer morality in Plato's 'Republic'.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that, according to Socrates in Plato's Republic, morality is one of the four elements of goodness in a community. The writer notes that inner morality was the rule of reason over other parts of the mind whereby a person lets reason and rationality rule. The writer points out that Socrates argues that when there is harmony between all elements of a community, morality will emerge. The writer explains that this is outer morality. The writer concludes that for morality to exist, it is important that every single part of the community and mind must be allowed to function properly within its own limits. The writer maintains that this would create harmony and peace and these two are the essential components of inner and outer morality.
From the Paper
"The third part is self-discipline. Socrates explained that it is not easy to allow oneself to be ruled. But when every section of a community accepts its rulers and understands that some people rule while others are the ruled, they are exhibiting self-discipline. This is needed for a community to function smoothly. When all these elements are found, we realize that the ability to a community to allow every person to do his job without creating conflict is morality. This is the outer morality that helps keep a community intact."
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"Principles of Christian Morality", 2005.
This paper discusses "Principles of Christian Morality" by three preeminent Catholic scholars Heinz Schurmann, Joseph Ratzinger and Hans Urs von Balthasar, who examine interpretations of moral theology.
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 0 sources, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Heinz Schurmann's contribution, which was written as a submission for the 1974 International Theological Commission session discusses the New Testament's influence on morality, via both its statements and interpretations. The author points out that Joseph Ratzinger (now Pope Benedict XVI) discusses the distinction between practice (orthopraxis) and established beliefs (orthodoxy) and the need of having a fixed point of moral reference. The paper relates that Hans Urs von Balthasar sets forth nine precepts of Christian morality in summary form, exploring Christ as the universal, concrete norm for Christian morality, with the golden rule as a summation of God's law and Christ on the cross as the only salvation from sin.
From the Paper
"Ratzinger, in an effort to establish a practice for Catholics in a modern context, explored the possibility of the shifting meaning of religious law and commandments (50). The opposite of praxis, Ratzinger states, is the belief "that affirms that there is no such thing as a specifically Christian morality and that Christianity must take its norms of conduct from the anthropological insights of its time" (49). Ratzinger concludes that praxis is indistinguishable from a genuinely believed truth in Christ-that to imitate Jesus Christ is "inseparable from faith" and that "faith's praxis depends on faith's truth" (62, 70). In other words, if one genuinely holds a belief in Christ, that faith will influence one's practices and in turn, will relate the truth with the praxis."
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