| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "MILITARY TRIBUNALS TERRORISTS": |
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Military Tribunals and Terrorists, 2002.
Examines some of the ethical arguments surrounding the use of military tribunals to prosecute terrorists.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
The Bush Administration strongly believes that the events of September 11th have created conditions under which a Military Order calling for military courts - essentially military tribunals - is justified. The predominate reason given is that the military tribunal will provide an atmosphere in which individuals who are terrorists or who are affiliated with terrorists can be brought to justice. This paper examines the nature of a military tribunal through ethical arguments
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U.S. Military Tribunals, 2008.
This paper explores the justice of military tribunals in post-9/11 America.
1,612 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that military tribunals are necessary and perfectly acceptable in post-9/11 America because there are constitutional and legislative precedents which allow for them. The paper asserts that as long as the President follows basic international laws vis-a-vis the treatment of prisoners who are detained and brought before American military tribunals, he is under no obligation to grant them the same constitutional rights and protections American citizens would enjoy in a civilian court-room.
From the Paper
"Of course, critics of the existing military tribunals are legion - not least of all because the tribunals have in place laws that seem diametrically opposed to the procedural (even substantive) laws that have under-girded Anglo-American law for centuries. When the Bush Administration first set forth its guidelines for military tribunals near the end of 2001, the public outcry was considerable for the simple reason that the new measures seemed remarkably free of any rules at all. For instance, the Bush policy precluded any review of tribunal decisions by an independent court; as well, the rules of evidence were such that any material submitted for the tribunal's consideration was admissible just so long as it had "probative value to a reasonable person" (Knowland, para.8). Going further, convictions and sentencing required only a two-thirds vote and not unanimity."
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Terrorists or Freedom Fighters - A Decision of Perception. Terrorists or Freedom Fighters?, 2002.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 8 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This is a question of perspective and of side. Depending upon the side you find yourself upon, your ideology, and your religion, determining who is fighting for the greater good and who is simply a terrorist is an impossibility of perception. Culturally, there is a great deal of support for freedom fighters. They are associated with the development of anti-oppression movements that we most closely associate with the American Revolution. To the British, the Boston Massacre was the suppression of terrorists, to the Americans, it was the massacre of innocents seeking nothing more than personal and communal freedom. This is how the world perceives Afghanis, members of Al Qaeda, and the combatants in Chechnya - as either terrorists or freedom fighters. It is the purpose of this paper to examine differences in perspectives on terrorism and how each group is perceived.
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War Crimes and Terrorists, 2006.
This paper discusses the matter of terrorism as war crimes.
1,719 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the issue of trials of terrorists that have been captured. The writer explains that trials have been proposed under different auspices, with one approach suggested being to try these individuals as war criminals, probably using military tribunals for the trials. The writer also mentions that other observers have argued that such an approach has the potential to damage justice and to bring the system into disrepute. However, according to the writer, the evidence suggests that there are more reasons to treat terrorism as a war crime than not. The writer concludes that the use of military tribunals emphasizes the idea that acts of terrorism are war crimes and so subject to greater international condemnation and legal action, being essentially crimes against humanity.
From the Paper
"Currently, the administration of such trials falls under the purview of an executive order issued by President Bush that foreigners suspected of terrorism are to be tried by military tribunals instead of civilian courts. However, this fact has produced opposition from both liberals and conservatives, both seeing the move as a dangerous step leading to the elimination of the right to a trial by jury with a jury of one's peers. However, as an editorial from 2001 notes, there are precedents for using military tribunals in times of war, extending back at least to the Civil War, and the feared threat to normal trials has not materialized. After President Lincoln used military tribunals during the Civil War, the Supreme Court ruled that military courts could not be used for civilians outside of a war zone. In 1942, though, the court decided that President Roosevelt did have the power to establish military tribunals for trials for foreigners who had violated the rules of war, for such individuals are not prisoners of war but offenders who can be tried and punished by military tribunals."
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Criminals Vs Terrorists, 2006.
A comparison between individual criminals and group terrorists.
966 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper compares the characteristics of terrorists with individual criminals by examining various profiles of terrorists that have been introduced by scholars throughout the years. The paper studies group reinforcement in order to show how terrorists justify their acts. The paper concludes that although there is no clear way to profile a terrorist, terrorists crimes differ from conventional criminal behavior in that they are more goal specific with an ultimate cause to support.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Terrorists and Ordinary Criminals
Group Reinforcement and the Justification of Terrorism
Terrorist Profiles
Warrior Dreams
Summary
From the Paper
"Both criminals and terrorists commit crimes; however, there are differences between the two groups. Criminals are more impulsive, committing crimes for certain gains, whereas, terrorists feel they exist for a certain cause that justifies violence. Their crimes are planned out to attack the status quo, which does not fit their belief system. Groups of terrorists influence individuals to believe in a specific cause. These groups are separated from mainstream society. It is difficult to label individual terrorists and groups with certain characteristics because there are so many differences, as well, the concepts of terrorist behavior has changed."
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The Arrest of Jose Padilla, 2002.
A discussion as to whether suspected terrorist, Jose Padilla, should be tried by a military tribunal or a civil court.
959 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the case of Jose Padilla, arrested on May 8, 2002 because it was believed that he was conspiring with Al Qaeda Terrorist to detonate a radioactive "dirty bomb" within the U.S. The paper shows that Padilla?s arrest and subsequent imprisonment has been the subject of an on-going legal debate and at the present time Padilla is being held as an enemy combatant, which means that he is subject to Military Tribunal instead of the civil court system and can be held without being charged until the War On Terrorism is over. The essay discusses both sides of this legal debate and determines which viewpoint is the most constitutional and credible.
From the Paper
"Many legal experts believe that the U.S. does not have grounds to hold him as an enemy combatant. They contend that his imprisonment is unconstitutional because he is being held even though he has not been charged with a crime. Padilla?s lawyer believes that he is in custody based on information that is circumstantial and that he should be released. They also believe that his detainment is based on the idea that he may be able to provide investigators with important information about forthcoming terrorist attacks on the country."
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The Psychological Aspect of Terrorism and Terrorists, 2002.
This paper discusses why people become terrorists and use terrorism.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
A discussion of what drives a person to become a terrorist. This paper examines why certain people become terrorists and why they perform the actions they do. It seeks to see if certain types of people are more susceptible to becoming terrorists and whether there is a fixed profile of a terrorist. The author concludes saying that different terrorist organizations act in different ways, and a generalization would not only be inaccurate but it could be detrimental to counter terrorism agencies. Further research into the study of terrorists and terrorism is called for.
From the Paper
"Throughout time, different factions have relied on the use of terror to help impart their views and bring about a change in the status quo that suits their needs. Terrorists use different forms of terrorism that range from the kidnapping of dignitaries, to the mass murders of thousands of civilians. The terrorists who plan out these acts due so in a variety of ways, by having a few people go into an embassy and kidnap the dignitaries there, from hijacking an airplane and flying it on a suicide mission into a building. The psychological aspect of terrorism needs to be examined to see what psychological things they share in common, if any, and what motivates and drives them in these terrorist pursuits."
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Negotiating with Terrorists, 2007.
The paper discusses whether it is possible to negotiate or reason with terrorists.
1,331 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the issue of negotiation with terrorists and how this can affect America's policy regarding the war on terror. The paper examines the issue and shows how diplomacy can do little to protect the nation from future attacks on the scale of September 11th. The paper discusses how this realization dictates that America must communicate with terrorists in the only language they understand; violence. The paper points out that terrorist negotiation can only happen when the terrorists themselves have transformed to a more stable and rational state of mind.
From the Paper
"President Bush's position on negotiating with terrorism is quite clear. "No nation can negotiate with terrorists. For there is no way to make peace with those whose only goal is death" (qtd. "Negotiating with Terrorists"). Despite the stumbling blocks that have been encountered in America's war on terror, this sentiment is still true. Negotiation must be based on rational conversation. All parties involved must be committed to finding a solution that provides a best-case scenario, not just for themselves, but for all involved. Radical zealots about a cause that refuse to even consider the other sides of an issue cannot be a participatory part of rational negotiations. They have based their entire campaign for the promotion of their cause on inflicting violence and terror on innocent citizens, most often it is only through force that they understand the consequences of their actions."
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?Ultimate Terrorists?, 2004.
A review of the book, ?The Ultimate Terrorists?, by Jessica Stern
1,023 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 0 sources, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the book, "The Ultimate Terrorists", by Jessica Stern, former National Security Council staffer, which explains with chilling lucidity why it is becoming more likely that terrorist threats will materialize into a major terrorist incident featuring a weapon of mass destruction (WMD). It looks at how, after September 11, 2001, the book has taken on a deeper meaning since it was written in 1999, when America held onto the idea that terrorist activity was something that took place on foreign shores. It discusses how Stern?s book details in advance many of the factors in play which created the 9/11 tragedy and how terrorists have shifted their perspective from activity that gains power for their political or religious party to choosing targets just for the purpose of making a statement.
From the Paper
"The book's strongest chapter concerns the threat of loose Russian materials (the area that was Stern's specialty at the NSC). Stern's knowledge of security in Russia gives these sections a punch that many who report on this issue have lacked up until now. Stern was portrayed by Nichol Kidman in the movie Peacemakers which was built on this theme. The turning point of the movie is a discussion between a military Russian specialist, who knew the military character who would steal a dozen nuclear warheads and Kidman?s character who is a specialist on fringe terrorist groups. Kidman?s character, after getting a lecture on how predictable a military terrorist would be, says ?I?m not afraid of a man who wants 10 nuclear weapons; I am terrified of the man who wants only one."
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War Crimes Tribunals in Bosnia, 2004.
This paper looks at the challenges facing the war crimes tribunals in Bosnia.
1,808 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
The challenges facing the war crimes tribunals in Bosnia are examined in this paper. The writer discusses these tribunals, established under the Dayton Accords, and presents their analysis as an example of the problems facing war crimes tribunals. The writer also examines the concept of ethnic cleansing.
From the Paper
"... the fragmentation of the former Yugoslav Federation led to an outbreak of civil warfare and ethnic violence in the Balkans particularly in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Concentration camps, mass murders, mass expulsions and other indicators of genocide became widespread and the term ethnic cleansing was added to the century's lexicon of horrors. The international ...
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War Crime Tribunals, 2005.
A history of war crime tribunals, from Nuremberg to the present.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 15 sources, £ 123.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the development of war crime tribunals over time, from the Nuremberg trials to the present manifestations. The paper traces the continuity of the laws during the period in question and examines the relative strengths and weaknesses of the various tribunals that have emerged in the last six decades. The paper concludes by noting the future is fraught with difficulty - but also promise - for these tribunals.
From the Paper
"In the past century, humanity has borne witness to some of the most gruesome and disturbing acts of barbarity in recorded history. It is because of these acts, and because of the troubling prospect they may occur yet again, that civilized society has seen the need for the creation of war tribunals to both punish iniquitous leaders and to educate future generations on the evils of which men and women are capable. With this in mind, the following paper will examine the history of war crimes tribunals from the present with special emphasis being placed upon the law behind the tribunals, why these tribunals were established, the problems encountered in creating them, the advantages and disadvantages inherent in them and the future that appears to belong to them."
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Employment Tribunals System, 2006.
This paper discusses what is wrong with the current system of employment tribunals as a forum for resolving individual employment disputes.
2,481 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 18 sources, APA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This essay provides a critical analysis of the contemporary operation of the employment tribunal system with particular emphasis on its key failings as a forum for resolving individual employment disputes. A number of recent legislative reforms, and the impact that they have had on resolving the faults of the system, are also discussed.
Outline:
Abstract
The Cost of Tribunals
Too Many Applicants
Increased Legal Regulation
Encouragement of Unmeritious Claims
Reforms to the system
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Employment Tribunals were originally established for the sole purpose of hearing appeals concerning 'industrial training levies' under the Industrial Training Act 1964 . Since then, their jurisdiction has been gradually, yet substantially, increased and enhanced through a variety of legislative measures , legal judgments and the adoption of various EU policies ; leading to a total jurisdiction which now covers over eighty types of complaint."
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Australian Administrative Tribunals, 2006.
This paper explores the powers of the Australian tribunals and the courts.
1,253 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Australian Constitution's three branches: the legislative, the executive and the judicial. The paper explores the ambiguity between the powers of these branches and reveals which arm has the power to overrule the decision of another. The paper examines the proposal to amalgamate the current available administrative system into one 'super tribunal', the Administrative Review Tribunal.
From the Paper
"The Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) was established under the Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975 (Cth). The AAT Act makes provisions for the administrative review of decision made in the exercise of powers that have been conferred by an Act of the Parliament of the Commonwealth."
"The AAT is an independent tribunal that has the power to review and decide administrative decisions made by the Commonwealth Government ministers and officials. Its system of review is based on merits; therefore the tribunal is not restricted to considerations which are relevant to judicial determinations. Based on the material before the Tribunal is able to decide if a decision made was the best possible decision in that particular case Drake v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs (1979) 24 ALR 577."
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Operational Use of Women by Islamic Terrorists, 2005.
A examination of the impact of the operational use of women by Islamic terrorists.
7,154 words (approx. 28.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a review of the relevant and peer-reviewed literature to develop an overview of the impact that the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. It gives an overview of the organizational initiatives of Islamic extremists groups. The writer discusses women in Islam in general, and an examination of the operational use of women by Islamic extremists in recent years to include in particular their role as suicide bombers. A summary of the findings is provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Organizational Initiatives for Islamic Extremists
Women in Islam
Operational Use of Women by Islamic Extremists
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research showed that Islamic extremism is on the rise, and the implications for women - both Islamic and otherwise -- are profound and severe. Women, now often used as fodder by Islamic extremists, are themselves the startling and disturbing method that is used to achieve ideological goals. Unfortunately, the research has shown that, because of their inherent vulnerability in Islamic societies, women and children are used as suicide bombers. This analysis, though, only describes one aspect of women's willingness to participate; often, they enjoy a brief elevation in status (before their death in the line of duty), and believe that heavenly rewards await them after their task is completed. Their effectiveness is also very real - recognized by both Islamic leaders and their enemies. Female suicide bombers have already raised Israel's concerns; these activities will continue to create a more problematic and militant environment for Israeli authorities in the future. The situation only promises to become worse, as Islamic extremists have apparently not used women to their best advantage. One cannot know the true roles that women do play in these organizations, however, because Islamic extremists are very secretive. While the various positions that women hold within an organization remains speculative at best, it is quite obvious that they are being used as an effective tool of war, often sacrificed on the altar of jihad."
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