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Military Coup in Chile, 2006.
An analysis of the pros and cons of supporting the coup in Chile.
1,336 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper is written in the form of a memo to Henry Kissinger. The paper lays out the recent history of the U.S. policy toward the socialist leadership of Chile. It then provides several arguments as to why support for the coup in Chile was in the best interest of the U.S at the time it was written.
From the Paper
"These policies have been partially successful in creating social unrest and displeasure with the Chilean socialist government among the citizens and workers of that nation, although a rebellion against the government by the masses is unlikely. The economic failures of the socialist economy have been especially detrimental to the working class, which suffers from low wages and poor working conditions, further undermining the credibility of the socialist reforms imposed by Allende and contributed to civil unrest in the nation."
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The Chilean Military Coup, 2005.
Examines the causes of and the events leading up to the 1973 military coup in Chile.
1,877 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
Still present in modern day, discontent amongst lower class Chileans has been existent since the Spanish Conquest and the first imbalances of power. It has grown, evolved and has seemed to become the catalyst of change in Chilean society and politics. The paper shows that Chile's history of politics has not been a clear one; bouncing around from left to right, from one form of political dictatorship to another, it has overcome countless incapable leaders and corrupt governments but has also suffered innumerable losses. The paper shows that the military coup that toppled the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende on September 11, 1973 and initiated a regime of terror under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet was the result of numerous economic and political factors that united to cause the bloodiest day in Chile's modern history.
From the Paper
"As Allende was working for the people and against capitalism, the States was working against him. As the Cold War progressed throughout the world, the United States was on an anti-communist mission to prevent any social movement that would cause disruption in their capitalistic plans and feared any country that had a large number of these supporters. As a result of the increase in real income for the mass of Chilean workers, monetary expansion stimulated a stagnant economy, which caused higher inflation . When copper prices began to fall, the United States made the move to kick Allende when he was down."
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The Pakistani Coup, 2002.
Fictional and historical perspectives on the Pakistani military coup of 1958.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper compares two perspectives on the Pakistani military coup of 1958. One is the fictional interpretation of the leaders' meetings, as told by Salman Rushdie in his novel "Midnight's Children" from the perspective of an 11-year-old boy. The other is the more traditional, politically thorough, multiple-perspective retelling in Ian Talbot's "Pakistan: a Modern History".
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Conceptualism in Brazil Under Military Rule, 2005.
Outlines conceptualism in Brazil during the 1960s and how it was affected by military rule.
1,722 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The 1960s in Brazil were revolutionary times. However, most of this progress halted under a new dictatorship. In 1964, a right wing military coup took control of Brazil, bringing with it an extreme level of censorship of both artists and intellectuals. This paper outlines the effect this dictatorship had on Brazil's contemporary art movement.
From the Paper
"At the end of 1968, the Institutional Act #5 was set in place. This act gave the president dictatorial powers, dissolved Congress and state legislatures, suspended the constitution, and imposed censorship. For culture, this meant strict censorship of artistic events, and the persecution and imprisonment of intellectuals and artists. This was a very heavy blow to artists, as they had to watch their steps even more. Soon after Vladimir Herzog, a journalist accused of subversion, was murdered in prison by the military police, Cildo Meireles began creating his "Insertions into Ideological Circuits" in order to create a system for the circulation and exchange of information that did not depend on any kind of centralized control."
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Military Government, 2005.
A comparative analysis of the military governments experienced in Egypt, Spain and Brazil after 1945.
3,365 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
The military has the monopoly of force and is the most organized
sector of a state's employees. The chance of a coup and subsequently a
military government is far more likely if the country is suffering
from internal strife and this has been the pattern for many developing
and post colonial nations. This paper attempts to prove this by using three examples of military governments after 1945, Egypt, Spain and Brazil.
From the Paper
"In order to understand the underlying problems in the countries in which the military took over and formed a new government it is important to briefly outline the conditions that allowed them to take power and how they did this. This will give an insight into what tasks faced the new military regimes. In Egypt the take over was led by General Nasser who was leader of the Free Officers Movement. This movement was dedicated to overthrowing the British backed King Farouk. In July 1952 Nasser led the military coup against Farouk."
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Hilton Hotels in Chile, 2007.
An analysis of whether the cultural and political environment in Chile would support a venture of Hilton Hotels.
1,591 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the reasons that a Hilton Hotel in Chile may or may not be a success. It begins by describing a general overview of Chile and its current business environment. It then discusses its political stability and its infrastructure. It discusses the cultural aspects of Chile that would make it a favorable position for a Hilton Hotel. The paper concludes by discussing the plans for the Hilton in that area of South America.
Table of Contents:
Chile: A Country Overview
Current Business Environment Of Chile
Political Stability
Economic Infrastructure
Cultural Aspects
Plan for the Hilton
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Given the Chilean government's new desire to address historical inequities in the nation, and its relatively strong economy and currency which would mitigate some of the risks in embarking upon these new ventures, Chile offers itself as a nation not simply of scenic beauty, but of attractive investment opportunities. The nation and the region are changing, and so is the hospitality industry. Because of its varied nature, offering a site for local business as well as a potential place for adventure travel or 'off the beaten path' personal enrichment, Chile offers a wealth of unusual investment opportunities for the Hilton Corporation."
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Democracy in Chile, 2002.
A description of the history of democracy in Chile and further developmental blocks to a stronger democratic system.
6,098 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a survey of the forms of government in recent Chilean history and how these have developed into a quasi democracy. It shows how Chile has long faced problems in instituting a true democratic system of government. It explains that while the earlier Chilean government was strongly democratic, the military coup under Pinochet has done harm to the image of democracy in Chile.
From the Paper
"It has been stated that the failures of Democracy in Latin America are due to a lack of democratic tradition. Authoritarian rule is the norm, and democracy is ever an experiment, tried, but often rejected. Yet, every Latin American country is different, and has taken a different approach towards government. Chile has proven that the troubles of Democracy in Latin America are not due to a lack of democratic tradition alone. Chile had a long and stable democracy for most of its history, yet its democracy fell in one quick swoop. Democracy has made a comeback in Chile, but the question is, will it remain? Will the existing democratic traditions as well as a return to democracy make a lasting impact, or will it fall back to Authoritarianism like so many others? To answer this, the fall and return of democracy in Chile bears examination, as well as the current political situation in Chile."
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The Guatemalan Coup of 1954, 2008.
This paper reviews the books "Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala" by S. Schlesinger and S. Kinzer and "Modern Latin America" by T. E. Skidmore and P. H. Smith.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper examines "Bitter Fruit: The Untold Story of the American Coup in Guatemala" by Stephen Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer and "Modern Latin America" by Thomas E. Skidmore and Peter H. Smith as they relate to the Guatemalan coup of 1954. The paper explores the role of the United Fruit Company (UFC) in the coup that overturned the legitimate Arbenz government of Guatemala in 1954, the CIA role in this affair and the UFC's relationship with the U.S. State Department and with the Guatemalan workers.
From the Paper
"How many Americans know that the United States Government directly and dramatically interfered with the internal affairs of a sovereign nation (Guatemala) in 1954? And it wasn't a matter of small-time inference, but in fact the American CIA installed a dictator friendly to the U.S., and ousted the existing Arbenz administration. Probably few Americans also realize that this action in Guatemala was not a unique moment in U.S. interference in foreign nation's internal affairs. Indeed, the CIA had orchestrated and carried out a coup in Iran on August 19, 1953. The CIA installed the Shah of Iran into power thanks to a plan called "Operation Ajax" authorized by President Dwight Eisenhower and directed by the same men who carried out the coup against the legitimate government of Guatemala - brothers John Foster Dulles (Secretary of State) and Allen Dulles (CIA Director). The Iranian coup was fully explained in a book called All the Shaw's Men by Stephen Kinzer, the same author who co-wrote Bitter Fruit."
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Neo-Liberalism in Chile, 2006.
This paper examines the "The Chilean Miracle," which is basically Chile's ability to escape the hyperinflation and stagnation suffered by many of its Latin American neighbors.
852 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper details the neo-liberal economic reforms that took root in Chile during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, which continue to this day. Chile's experimentation with neo-liberal ideas started in the 1960s when a group of Chileans, who had studied economics in Chicago, who returned to implement what they learned. The writer of this paper details the five cardinal points of neoliberal economics which Pinochet was determined to embrace. The market was to rule supreme, unrestrained by the intervention of government or labor unions. To reduce government interference in the market and reduce government debt, the government withdrew itself from many social welfare programs. This paper analyzes Pinochet as a leader who was able to manipulate institutional changes in his favor, while simultaneously convincing the public that he was acting on their behalf. The writer contends that although democratic principles continue to lag in Chile today, the nation's economic system continues to thrive under a neoliberal, capitalist regime.
From the Paper
"One might state that need not condone the horrors of the Pinochet regime, to grant that some economic successes did result from his policy, and that the reforms may have been necessary. In concrete policy terms, this change enabled an opening of Chile's economies to the world through free trade. Tariffs were reduced and there was an elimination of state-sponsored subsidies of inefficient businesses, combined with an opening of capital markets, relaxation of restrictive labor laws, a reduction in public employees, privatization of state-owned enterprises and changes in formerly inflexible currency regimes and foreign exchange policies. It is unlikely that such sweeping and foreign domestic reforms could have been accomplished so quickly, and been sustained in the 1990's in the absence of a military regime."
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Memory Suppression in Chile, 2004.
A discussion of the events in Chile's past that have led to the suppression of memories.
2,571 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the politics of memory and the politicization of memory, with particular reference to Chile and the human rights violations inflicted upon the population by the Pinochet regime. The writer believes that the horrific events in Chile's past led to the suppression of memory in an effort to block out and not re-live the horrors. Moreover, the writer explains that the government and leadership of Chile have also chosen a path of memory-loss in order to move on rather than dwell on the ill past of its nation.
From the Paper
"Let us talk more about the ?pact of silence? entered into by the political left of Chile, in terms of guilt. Many on the political left, who governed during the difficult years of transition, from 1970-1972, when there were strikes, and demonstrations, which led to infighting and mistakes being made within the party (the UP, Popular Unity party); many, consequently, feel that had the decisions that led to this situation not been taken, or had the actions been rectified at that point, then none of what followed would have happened (Hite, 2003b). The traumatic events of 1973 would thus lead to feelings of powerlessness, especially as they feel that, in some way, the events were their fault, as they had not recognized the path to the events that would follow, and changed course, as it were."
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?Chile, Pinochet, and the Caravan of Death?, 2004.
A review of Patricia Verdugo's book about the reign of terror in Chile under the leadership of Augusto Pinochet.
1,176 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
Patricia Verdugo's "Chile, Pinochet, and the Caravan of Death" is a complex and chilling portrait of the time of a brutal dictator. Her book is an effective account of the Caravan of Death, a euphemism for the mass execution of 75 political prisoners that marked the beginning of General Augusto Pinochet?s brutal regime in Chile. This review provides a detailed analysis of Verdugo's book. The impact of the book's title and chapter headings are investigated, and the writing style is critiqued. Further, Verdugo's reasons for writing the book and any potential conflicts of interest are investigated. Finally, the scholarship, credibility, and the ultimate success or failure of the book are analyzed.
From the Paper
"Verdugo's book was published while Pinochet was in power, a personally dangerous move for Verdugo, which she refers to as a "matter of honour" (Jamasmie). Clearly, to oppose Pinochet, a man who Verdugo paints as an insecure, cold and calculating killer, was personally dangerous for Verdugo. Given the personal danger inherent and writing Chile, Pinochet, and the Caravan of Death, Verdugo's decision to publish the book at all was courageous. In an interview with Cecilia Jamasmie, Verdugo notes that "the truth needed to be told somehow" (Jamasmie). Her father's disappearance played an important role in her decision to reveal many of the secrets of Pinochet's crimes (Jamasmie)."
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Economy of Chile, 2006.
A study in the economic growth of Chile.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the economy of Chile, concentrating on the reasons for its economic growth over the past fourteen years. The author asserts that the growth has been led by a boom in exports, concentrated primarily in products and processed natural resources, namely copper, fresh fruit, and forestry and fisheries. The paper then details how the export boom has been sparked by soaring investment, both foreign and domestic. The author also explains how both Chile's mix of products and markets for exports are becoming increasingly diversified.
From the Paper
"Open trade policies and a sensitivity to market needs have developed commodity and value-added exports with trading partners in the United States, Europe, and Asia over the past year. Chile steadfastly remains committed to free trade, lower barriers and open investment rules. The Chilean economy is clearly working well in a world economic system which no longer functions as it did. Yet, growth in Chile is based on the principle that one nation does not grow at the expense of another."
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Chile and Japan, 2005.
This paper compares the political structure and the decision making process of two democracies--Chile and Japan.
2,490 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Republic of Chile is a presidential system of democracy; whereas, Japan adapted the parliamentary system. The author compares the roles and powers allocated within the executive and legislative branches in both countries, as ascribed by their Constitutions and their veto players, and defines who plays a vital role in policy making and changes. The paper examines (1) the relationship between the two branches of government of each country indicating how legislation is carried out and (2) the different approaches to decision making in Chile and Japan.
From the Paper
"There are two chambers in Chile's Congress, namely the Chambers of Deputies and Senate. The Chamber of Deputies comprises of 120 members who are directly elected by their electoral districts through popular vote. The Chamber is renewed every four years, and the president has the right to dissolve it. The Senate is comprised of 49 parliamentarians. Thirty eight senators are directly elected from their designated districts and serve for eight years. The others include former Presidents, and various other high ranking former officials. Party coalition in both Chambers is common as the last Senate and Chamber elections unveil this trend."
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Chile's National Security Council, 2002.
Describes the Chilean National Security Council as an institution obstructive to unity, stability and democracy in post-Pinochet Chile.
2,136 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines one of the ways in which the Chilean armed forces have continued to exert power and influence in post-dictatorship Chile -through the National Security Council, a quasi-governmental institution given the role of convening to discuss threats to national security. This paper shows how, due to the failures of the council to engage in legitimate national security discourse as well as the symbolic nature of this tool of military intervention, it is in actuality a body that is not conducive to the furthering of unity, stability, and democracy within Chile.
From the Paper
"Although the power and influence of the military has been diminished since the end of the Pinochet dictatorship in 1990, the Chilean armed forces nonetheless have managed to maintain a substantial political and civilian role in Chilean society after the transition back to democracy. One of the most important manifestations of this lingering power and influence has been the National Security Council, a near-perfect representation not only of the Chilean military?s perpetual political ambitions but also of its fixation upon the notion of ?national security.? The symbolism of this institution has consequently cast the very existence of the National Security Council in the national spotlight, and it has been one of the most debated and controversial issues of contemporary Chilean politics, especially in the current administration of Socialist Ricardo Lagos. The negative consequences of a sustained opportunity for military involvement in civilian and political affairs, even on a seemingly small scale, such as exists with the National Security Council in its present form is not conducive to further democratic growth and unity in Chilean society. What this paper aims to do is identify the importance of the National Security Council in its implications on civilian-military relations, national unity, stability, and democracy, and to explain how it is an obstacle to these principles."
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