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Microsoft Antitrust Case, 2006.
An examination of the Microsoft antitrust case.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines the Microsoft antitrust case. The paper starts with a look at the Sherman Antitrust Law, which was passed to combat illegal monopolies. The law encompassed trusts that restricted free trade and monopolies, therefore preventing competition. In 1990, the Department of Justice in the U.S. contended that Microsoft had violated the Sherman Antitrust Law. This paper discusses in detail the contents of the case against Microsoft. It includes the claim that Microsoft tied its Internet Explorer browser program to the Windows operating system, in an attempt to exclude the use of other browser programs on Intel powered machines. The author proceeds to discuss the details of the case in-depth, and provides discussions for and against the case. In conclusion, the author reminds us that computers are a relatively new field. He points out that the public does not understand the intricacies of programs and in many cases does not differentiate between manufactures. All that is important to the public is the functionality.
From the Paper
"Utilitarianism is an ethical approach stating that what is useful is good. Morally right is the action that gives the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people. This is the aim of legislation and is the basis for the antitrust laws. It is assumed that the greatest number of people will benefit from the good of competition. Utilitarianism removes the moral decision between right and wrong and determines that what is morally right is what brings the greatest happiness to the most people. John Stuart Mill equated happiness with pleasure and the absence of pain. He identified levels of pleasure, with that of the mind being the highest and that of the body being the lowest. In the case of Microsoft, it could be contended that the few companies and individuals that Microsoft's monopolistic practices have harmed are by far in the minority. Thus, the greatest happiness has come to the greatest number of people through Microsoft's marketing, software developments, and innovative strategies."
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Microsoft Antitrust Case, 2002.
While Bill Gates may have represented the American dream, his actions in his company Microsoft have been staunchly attacked. This paper analyzes what happened and what the future holds for the man and the multi-billion dollar company.
2,459 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 27 sources, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper is divided into five parts. It analyzes and examines the plethora of issues involved in the Microsoft antitrust case. Part II offers a brief summary of the facts and issues of the Microsoft antitrust case. In Part III, stakeholders involved in the Microsoft antitrust case are evaluated. Part IV outlines what portion of the life cycle the Microsoft antitrust case is in. In Part V, recommendations for addressing the various issues of the Microsoft antitrust case are summarized. The paper has comprehensive footnotes.
From the Paper
"Individuals and investment firms are other stakeholders involved in the Microsoft antitrust case. These groups have legitimacy because their money is invested in Microsoft, which gives them the right to express their opinions regarding the company in the form of votes. Likewise, individuals and investment firms who own Microsoft stock have power because they may elect to sell their shares as a result of displeasure with the company?s actions. If large numbers of individuals and investment firms eliminate or reduce their Microsoft holdings, the company?s stock price will likely fall."
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The Microsoft Case, 2006.
An economic analysis of the United States vs. Microsoft Corporation, complaint 98-1232.
5,119 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 22 sources, MLA, £ 88.95
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Abstract
Since its formation in 1975, Microsoft has grown rapidly to become one of the largest and most successful companies in the world. However, since 1990, it has been plagued by a series of investigations by the US Fair Trade Commission (FTC) and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) on various antitrust allegations. This culminated in a major antitrust lawsuit filed against the company 18 May 1998. This paper provides an analysis of the above case, including the findings of facts, conclusions of law, the remedies proposed, the outcome of appeals filed as well as the proposed settlement reached in November 2001. The paper first, presents some background information on Microsoft and its major products. This is followed by a review of its conduct which resulted in the above-mentioned lawsuit filed against it. Next, the paper outlines the allegations made by the plaintiffs against Microsoft as well as the position taken by the company. This is followed by an account of the findings of fact, which found Microsoft guilty of almost all the allegations against it, conclusions of law, proposed remedies, outcome of appeals filed and settlement pact.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
What is Microsoft all About?
Microsoft Responds to the Internet Revolution
The Plaintiff's Attack
Microsoft Defends Itself
The Judge Releases his Findings of Fact
Assessment of Findings of Fact
Aftermath of Findings of Fact
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"To do so, it began by investing US$100 million a year in Internet research and development and developed its own browser, the Internet Explorer (IE). It then carried out a slew of measures to promote IE as the browser of choice among Internet users. These included the free distribution of the browser software; bundling its browser with the Windows operating system when selling it to PC manufacturers and refusing to offer them the option of purchasing the operating system without the browser; and preventing PC makers from removing IE from the operating system, including the visible means of user access to the IE software, such as the IE icon on the Windows desktop or the IE entry in the "Start" menu."
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The Anti-Trust Case Against Microsoft, 2001.
A look at the pros and cons of the anti-trust case brought against Microsoft Corporation.
2,395 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the anti-trust case against Microsoft, the charges against them, and the end result of the case. It then looks at the issues for and against Microsoft, with the author's personal view suggesting that Microsoft does more good than bad.
From the Paper
"Since 1990, a battle has raged in United States courts between the United States government and the Microsoft Corporation out of Redmond, Washington, headed by Bill Gates. What is at stake is money. The federal government maintains that Microsoft's monopolistic practices are harmful to United States citizens, creating higher prices and potentially downgrading software quality, and should therefore be stopped, while Microsoft and its supporters claim that they are not breaking any laws, and are just doing good business."
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Antitrust Case Against Microsoft, 1999.
Analyzes the government's case against this computer firm. Provides an overview of antitrust law and an assessment of arguments and rhetoric on both sides of the case.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The American court system is structured to be adversarial. Nowhere is the form of argument taken to a higher level. Lawyers by definition should be great debaters, paid to make the best arguments in favor of their clients. Only when lawyers make the best arguments do they succeed in proving their case and perform their job successfully.
From the Paper
"The American court system is structured to be adversarial. Nowhere is the form of argument taken to a higher level. Lawyers by definition should be great debaters, paid to make the best arguments in favor of their clients. Only when lawyers make the best arguments do they succeed in proving their case and perform their job successfully. Currently the lawyers at the Microsoft Corporation are busy trying to come up with the best arguments possible to prove the company has not been engaged in the monopolistic and anticompetitive practices of which it has been accused.
A brief synapsis of what led to the situation Microsoft now finds itself in is presented at the onset of this paper. It includes a brief history and description of U.S. antitrust..."
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Microsoft's Anti-Trust Case, 2005.
This paper discusses Microsoft's company history and the history of Microsoft's anti-trust case.
1,975 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in 1993, the Justice Department (DOJ) began an investigation into the allegations that (1) Microsoft used predatory pricing tactics to destroy competitors and eliminate competition in the marketplace and (2) erected technical barriers within their operating systems to make it difficult or impossible for non-Microsoft software to run on Windows; on July 15, 1994, in a consent decree, Microsoft agreed that it would not tie other Microsoft products into its Windows operating system. The author points out that this dominance was due to Microsoft's (1) development of a common user interface, which allows users to use similar commands in each of the individual application products, (2) concept of backward compatibility so that the older versions of applications work with newer versions of the operating system and (3) integration of its individual applications allowed users to create and use data between applications such as a spreadsheet created in Excel could be imported into a PowerPoint presentation. The paper continues to describe several other anti-trust cases such as the 2004 agreement with the Computer and Communications Industry Association (CCIA) and Novell.
From the Paper
"In order to understand the environment in which the Microsoft anti-trust actions occurred, it is necessary to examine the beginnings of Microsoft. After an early career as a hacker, Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded Traf-O-Data in Seattle, Washington, a company started to develop and market a machine to generate traffic flow statistics. This machine was not the success that Gates and Allen hoped for, however. It may have been the youthfulness of the owners (Gates was 16), or it may have been that the state of Washington began to offer the same services for free."
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Microsoft's Anti-trust Court Case, 2002.
An overview of the anti-trust accusations brought against Microsoft Company.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper shall summarize the current anti-trust court case against Microsoft (U.S. v. Microsoft) from the 1990's to the present.
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An Analysis of Monopolies, 2002.
This paper discusses monopolies and their abuse of power including excerpts from the Microsoft case.
4,750 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses who is to have power in our democratic society, and to what extent money will matter. It discusses the Justice Department's case against Microsoft and its consequences. It discusses the views of such classical thinkers on these ethical issues such as: Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Kant, John Rawls and Bruce Ackerman. It examines the economy's situation and how monopolies have changed it. This paper tries to explain the Microsoft antitrust case in respect to society, while examining its effect on millions of computer users.
From the Paper
"The Justice Department?s attempt to use the power of the federal government to prevent Microsoft from using monopolistic practices is a case that has been met with a great deal of emotional heat, suggesting that people at large care about such a case deeply. This is, perhaps, simply because so many people have found themselves staring one too many times at the blue screen of death on their computers and see the DOJ?s actions as an act of revenge on the part of the rest of us. But it seems more likely that large antitrust suits such as this one arouse so much passion in people who are otherwise not deeply engaged in legal issues because they speak to our inherent sense of justice and our understanding of the complex ways in which capitalism and democracy must be balanced. Thus while the antitrust moves against Microsoft are, in some sense, all about Sun Microsystems and Netscape and Java, they are much more fundamentally about who is to have how much power in our democratic society, and to what extent money will matter. These are profound issues, and so we must look in trying to understand them to profound sources, from the classical thinkers on ethics such as Plato and Aristotle through the great thinkers of the Renaissance and Enlightenment like Machiavelli and Kant through modern writers on social justice such as John Rawls and Bruce Ackerman. This paper blends the concepts of these philosophers and social critics to create a perspective that will help us understand the Microsoft antitrust case in its larger social context, examining why it matters in a fundamental ethical sense to all of us whether it is Microsoft or Sun Microsystems ? or Linux ? that greets us when we turn on our computers each morning."
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Monopolies, Monopolistic Competition and Oligopolies, 2001.
This paper answers five questions on monopolies, monopolistic competition, and oligopolies in terms of the Microsoft case based on the text by Schiller "The Macro Economy Today".
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper is structured as five questions about monopolies, monopolistic competition, and oligopolies, based on the Microsoft situation, and whether or not it is a monopoly. The required text is "The Macro Economy Today", by Bradley R. Schiller. The first question covers the Microsoft current situation and its history. The second question defines a monopoly, the third question covers the situation of oligopoly as applied to the Microsoft situation, and the fourth question pertains to the condition of monopolistic competition as relevant to the Microsoft case. Finally, the fifth question looks at deregulation of the Microsoft. This paper is a useful resource material on the subject of Microsoft and monopolies.
Table of contents
I. Introduction
II. Answer 1: Microsoft?s history and current situation regarding the monopoly issue.
III. Answer 3: A concept from the chapter Oligopoly? to the Microsoft situation:
IV. Answer 4: Monopolistic competition in Microsoft?s situation
V. Answer 5: Deregulation of businesses in Microsoft?s situation:
From the Paper
"Answer 1: Microsoft?s history and current situation regarding the monopoly issue.
The case against Microsoft started back in the early 1990. The first major issue, which started it all, was the fact that Microsoft was that Microsoft had been using its powers in the operating system market to force computer manufacturers to put its Internet Explorer on all personal computers on which they installed the windows operating system. This was making it very hard for other smaller players, such as Netscape, who also had an Internet browser to compete. This was just one of the many things that Microsoft was said to be doing wrong. The antitrust case by the US Department of Justice against Microsoft was accusing Microsoft of firstly, thwarting competitors in the operating system market, by making banners of entry in the market. These include exclusive bargain purchase agreements with all, or most major computer manufacturers. It also accused Microsoft of using its monopoly position in the marketplace to gain unfair advantages in the marketplace. Also, a trend was that Microsoft was also accused in this case of buying out competitors. "
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Microsoft and U.S. Anti-Trust Policy, 2005.
A discussion of the Microsoft company and its monopolistic practices.
1,341 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly describes the U.S. government'd case against the Microsoft company for its monopolistic business practices, the outcome of the case, and reasons why Microsoft should be considered a monopoly. The paper also touches upon the implications of the legal ruling in the Microsoft case for consumers and other large corporations.
From the Paper
"The issue concerning the nature of Microsoft as a monopoly is a controversial one. Of course within the company, as well as among Microsoft shareholders, most assert that Microsoft?s business practices are hardly monopolistic, and that it is simply ?popular.? However, many outside of the sphere of personal interest in the company are convinced that the term ?monopoly? should have Microsoft in its dictionary definition. As Ralph Nader pointed out in a 1998 ComputerWorld interview, ?Microsoft's claim that it is defending its right to innovate is a cruel joke in an industry that sees its best innovators attacked by the company's anticompetitive actions.? Further, ?Microsoft's agenda isn't innovation, its imitation, as well as the imposition of suffocating control over user choices and an ever-widening monopoly.? "
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The Rise and Fall of Microsoft, 2002.
A discussion of the antitrust case against Bill Gates and Microsoft.
2,189 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the antitrust case against Microsoft and shows how the Bill Gates story can be classified as a tragedy in the same league as literature such as "King Lear" and "Death of a Salesman" where the protagonist invites his own tragic downfall. It attempts to fit the story into the theories of classical tragedy and analyzes how Bill Gates has all the qualities of the tragic protagonist. By dividing the Microsoft story into different acts, it describes Bill Gates' rise as the computer mogul, the court case and the aftermath.
From the Paper
"In point of fact, Judge Jackson, who heard the case and ordered the breakup of the company, has come under criticism for his bias against Gates during the trial. ?Judges on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia sharply criticized U.S. District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson for speaking with reporters during the trial, opening the door for Microsoft's appeal to be upheld, at least in part? (Johnston 5).
Still at issue is whether or not Microsoft meets all of the requirements of antitrust rulings, issues that are forming the basis for the appeals. In fact, most observers see the government?s case against Microsoft as being built on sand."
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Microsoft Corporation, 2003.
An analysis of the case DOJ versus Microsoft Corporation.
5,060 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the DOJ antitrust case brought against Microsoft Corporation for anticompetitive and monopolistic practices. The analysis uses economic theory and provides a review of the case in order to determine the validity of the charges against the high-tech giant.
From the Paper
"Microsoft Corporation represents a behemoth company that leads the world's technological industry. With more than a billion in cash reserves and another billion in investments the company is poised ..."
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Microsoft Office, 2004.
An examination of project management evolution for Microsoft Office at Microsoft Corporation.
2,375 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a critical analysis of Alan MacCormack and Kerry Herman?s ?Microsoft Office 2000? (June 20, 2000), to profile the differences in project management in the different permutations of Microsoft Office, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion. Several graphics are also included.
From the Paper
"In July 1975, Bill Gates and Paul Allen started a company, originally known as Micro-Soft (the hyphen was removed later). At this time, the market for personal computers was in its infancy; however, Gates and Allen believed personal computers would play a key role in the future (Rosenbaum 1998). This ability to forecast the future has been a continuing theme in Microsoft's growth into the 21st century. Today, Microsoft is a leading developer of personal-computer software systems and applications. Microsoft also publishes books and multimedia titles and offers electronic mail services. The company has sales offices throughout the world but does virtually all of its research and development at its corporate headquarters in Redmond, Washington (Lazich 2000). Microsoft developed the operating system for the PC, the first personal computer sold by International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). Millions of copies of the Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) were sold for use with IBM and IBM-compatible personal computers and the vast majority of PCs use Windows today. Since it is hard to argue with success, understanding how Microsoft has managed its product development can provide some useful insights and background for how and why the company continues to dominate the marketplace today. To this end, this paper will provide a critical analysis of Alan MacCormack and Kerry Herman?s ?Microsoft Office 2000? (June 20, 2000), to profile the differences in project management in the different permutations of Microsoft Office, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion."
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Assessing Microsoft's Future, 2008.
This paper provides an assessment of Microsoft's future, looking at its strengths and weaknesses.
881 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Microsoft today is more challenged than ever before in several major areas of its business. The most significant risk is in its server and enterprise divisions due to the widespread adoption of open source operating systems throughout enterprise accounts, which is the main source of revenue for Microsoft in their operating systems business. The writer also points out that the several threats that Google poses to Microsoft are just as significant yet have implications for the company's search, advertising revenue and increasingly, office productivity products including Microsoft Office. In addition, the writer discusses that Microsoft's lack of ability to deliver products on schedule and the scrapping of the early edition of the Windows Vista operating system in 2005 only to completely re-write and release it by 2007 illustrates the company's difficulty in synchronizing the efforts of thousands of developers. The writer maintains that Microsoft is clearly at a crossroads in its future direction based on the escalating competitive threats externally and the apparent lack of synchronization internally. All of these factors contribute to an uncertain future for Microsoft today. This paper includes PDF links to references.
Outline:
Still Strong in Core Businesses
Microsoft's Weaknesses
Microsoft's Critical Decisions
Summary
From the Paper
"First and foremost the lack of adoption for the Microsoft Windows Vista operating system, and the lack of consistent adoption across all customer segments, is a major concern within the company today. Microsoft has not successfully positioned Windows Vista as fulfilling the integration and interoperability needs of enterprises; yet it has successfully communicated security features as part of the unique value proposition of the Vista operating system. Second, both the Xbox 360 and Windows Vista product development cycles were each delayed, eroding consumer confidence in the gaming system and leading to longer evaluation cycles for the operating system in enterprise accounts globally. Third, the company's struggles in the areas ensuring its pricing models are specifically how difficult they are to implement in enterprise accounts is an area that needs to be addressed. Finally both the geo-political stance of the European Union and the U.S. Department of Justice have created difficult competitive dynamics for Microsoft, as have what appears to be organizational entropy, or the lack of being able to stay as agile as the company once was, according to Credit Suisse."
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