| Papers [1-14] of 79 :: [Page 1 of 6] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 —> | Search results on "METHYL TORT BUTYL ETHER MTBE": |
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Methyl Tort-Butyl Ether (MTBE), 2003.
Discusses public and government response.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 18 sources, £ 84.95
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Abstract
Examines the controversy over the addition of MTBE to gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide emissions. Discusses MTBE as a human carcinogen, the contamination of water supplies, health risks, and the goal of the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act.
From the Paper
"From the mass of regulations generated by the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act (CAA) the increased use of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as an oxygen-enhancing additive in gasoline (intended to reduce carbon monoxide emissions) has been the result ... "
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Pollution Roulette: Methyl Tertiary Butyl-Ether, 2006.
Examines the dangers of Methyl Tertiary Butyl-Ether (MTBE) in our drinking water.
3,772 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 73.95
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Abstract
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), methyl tertiary butyl-ether (MTBE) has been used as a component in gasoline blending since the 1970s. Water contamination problems have developed in areas where the chemical is used. Common sources of water contamination by MTBE include leaking underground gasoline storage tanks, components of gasoline distribution systems, leaks and spills from above ground fuel storage tanks and watercraft. This paper discusses the potential health hazards presented by the presence of MTBE in drinking water, the programs in effect, as well as the research being conducted by government, industry and private organizations to help manage the use of MTBE in the United States.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Controlling Legislation
Recent Legislation
Health Effects of MTBE in Drinking Water
EPA MTBE Program at Charnock
Reformulated Gasoline
"60 Minutes" and Other MTBE Press
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In October 1996, following the shutdown of the City's Charnock Wellfield, the Southern California Water Company ("SCWC") (another company which supplied water from the Charnock Sub-Basin), closed its wellfield in the sub-basin in order to avoid drawing the contamination toward the SCWC Wellfield. Prior to this shutdown, the Southern California Water Company's two operating municipal supply groundwater wells provided a significant percentage of the drinking water for approximately 10,000 residences and businesses in Culver City and since 1996, the City of Santa Monica and Southern California Water Company have purchased replacement water from the Metropolitan Water District."
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MTBE, 2005.
"This paper examines the legal issues surrounding the use of the additive MTBE, methyl tertiary butyl ether, a synthetic chemical mandated for use a...
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 11 sources, £ 94.95
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Abstract
"This paper examines the legal issues surrounding the use of the additive MTBE, methyl tertiary butyl ether, a synthetic chemical mandated for use as a gasoline oxygenate. The additive has the effect of reducing carbon monoxide emissions by assuring more complete fuel combustion. The additive is used because of growing public concern over air quality. However, the fact that MTBE is effective in reducing automobile emissions has been overshadowed by the fact that the substance is now found more frequently in groundwater and surface waters across the United States. "
From the Paper
Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is a synthetic chemical mandated for use as a gasoline oxygenate. The additive has the effect of reducing carbon monoxide emissions by assuring more complete fuel combustion. The additive is used because of growing public concern over air quality. However, the fact that MTBE is effective in reducing automobile emissions has been overshadowed by the fact that the substance is now found more frequently in groundwater and surface waters across the United States. Because of this unintended consequence, and because of the health hazards posed by the MTBE itself, regulators became more concerned about the environmental impact of MTBEs. Such an impact occurs for several reasons: M MTBE tends to degrade very slowly. M Due to the dipole nature of its ether bond, it is highly soluble in water. M It does not easily absorb onto the aquifer matrix. M Retardation of MTBE is therefore minimal.
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MTBE and Legislation, 2002.
Examines the public debate regarding the increased use of MTBE in gasoline.
4,054 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 77.95
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Abstract
From the mass of regulations generated by the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act (CAA) the increased use of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as an oxygen-enhancing additive in gasoline (intended to reduce carbon monoxide emissions produced the most widespread public response and the greatest amount of regulatory and legislative reshuffling. The paper shows that from local government in Fairbanks, Alaska to the State Senate of California to the Environmental Protection Agency, citizens, legislators, regulators and various commercial interests have been involved in a struggle to determine how best to protect the public interest as regards the use of MTBE. The paper examines the issue of MTBE as a likely human carcinogen that produces significant reductions in carbon monoxide emissions, but is sometimes claimed to be an airborne health hazard and has been definitively shown to contaminate water supplies.
From the Paper
"The drawbacks of ethanol are relatively minor. It increases emission of the toxic pollutant acetaldehyde, but still produces overall reductions in air contamination, and, in water, it increases "the solubility of other gasoline contaminants' plumes allowing the to spread further." Ethanol's principal drawbacks are economic. It cannot be practically transported by pipeline and is only practically produced in areas where the raw materials are readily available, i.e., the Midwest. Since 74 percent of the demand for RFG and oxygenated fuels is on the East and West coasts, and ethanol is also more expensive to produce because it "requires additional processing to meet the volatility requirements" of RFG, its use would probably increase the costs of cleaner-burning fuels considerably. The Clinton administration, not unsusceptible itself to agricultural interests, proposed that the EPA require that "at least thirty percent of oxygenates in gasoline be renewable," which meant, in effect, a mandate for higher ethanol use since it is the primary fuel additive considered to be renewable, i.e., derived from organic sources. But the fate of ethanol will probably not be decided for some time as the debate over MTBE continues."
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EPA?s Problematic Position on MTBE, 2006.
An assessment of the ineffectuality of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in monitoring the usage of the gasoline additive MTBE.
5,140 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 22 sources, APA, £ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the Environmental Protection Agency's problematic position on the usage of MTBE. MTBE is a gasoline additive intended to lower air pollution, but has actually been linked to water pollution and increased rates of cancer. The author provides a scholarly and scientific review of the EPA's regulatory power, the usage of and dangers from MTBE, and the EPA's position on MTBE past and present.
Introduction
MTBE A Problem for the Entire EPA
What is MTBE and Why Was Its Use Mandated by the EPA?
MTBE: Human Health Effects
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"According to the Environmental Protection Agency MTBE is an ether compound made by combining methanol and isobutylene. The methanol is typically derived from natural gas; isobutylene can be derived as a byproduct of the petroleum refinery process. Now that the EPA is considering either reducing the amount of MTBE that can be used in gasoline over a period of time, we need to ask the question why did the EPA permit the use of the chemical in the first place?"
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Modern Tort Law, 2006.
An in-depth look at whether there is a need to reform tort law in the U.S. and whether such an undertaking is feasible or necessary.
4,194 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 78.95
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Abstract
In an attempt to determine whether a need exists in the U.S. to reform tort law, this paper first takes a brief look at the history of U.S. tort law and how it has evolved and changed over time. The paper then explains what the purpose of tort law is and looks at whether tort law has a practical application in today's society. The paper points out that there is very little reference to personal responsibility in tort law and suggests that, were the courts and the law to make personal responsibility a greater part of the legal proceedings concerning injured parties, there would, in fact, be no need for tort law.
From the Paper
"Over the past several years, the body of laws governing compensation for personal injury and property damage have been substantially reconsidered as flawed and outdated. In the course of what many have advocated in the name of "tort reform," more than half of the U.S. states have revised, or attempted to revise, one or more aspects of tort liability and/or damage principles to a greater or lesser degree. Tort law is, of course, constantly evolving; every day in courts across the country, judges ? and indirectly, attorneys and jurors ? are making and (re)shaping the law. Despite efforts for reform, one still cannot overlook the nature of modern torts and fail to see shades of American common law, as they were also a part of the preceding English common law."
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Torts, 2002.
A comparison of aerial and maritime torts.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 25 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how maritime torts and aerial torts play a slightly different role in the choice of law rules, when compared to other types of torts committed. This is mainly due to the nature of the tort and the extent of how far international law has slowly developed in relation to such issues as to maritime and aerial torts.
From the Paper
"The fundamental question that the forum court must determine is when the elements of a tort cross jurisdictional boundaries, whether or not the tort has occurred within its jurisdiction. In essence the first requirement for any court, invited to exercise jurisdiction and power over parties, is to establish (at least where there is a contest or doubt) that according to its own law it has jurisdiction and power over the matter before it. If not, it must decide what law or laws to apply in determining liability."
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Tort Law as Compensation for Environmental Damage, 2007.
An analysis of the effectiveness of tort law with regard to providing compensation and preventing environmental damage.
2,881 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 34 sources, APA, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effectiveness of tort law in providing compensation for environmental damage. It also looks at the ability of tort law to prevent environmental damage from occurring. The paper describes some of the obstacles suffered by tort law in fulfilling a central role in environmental protection, such as cost, evidence and standing and then looks at the limits to the limitations that exist in terms of tort law and environmental damage.
Table of Contents:
Developing, and Restricting an 'Environmental Tort': Issues of Locality and Use
Establishing the Causative Link and Proving Foreseeability
Further Obstacles: Evidence, Cost and Standing
Limiting the Limitations
The European Influence - Lowering the Hurdles?
Assessing the Use of Common Law Actions in Tort
From the Paper
"Today there is a propensity to think of environmental protection as attained by the volume of specific legislation, but this does not mean that the role of the common law in environmental protection has become obsolete. Although perhaps a somewhat tenuous link, it has been argued that actions in tort are able to prevent environmental harm by deterring others from engaging in the same behaviour due to a fear of having to pay damages. However, Barbara Young, the chief executive of the Environment Agency, challenges such a rationalisation, arguing "the scale of penalties levied by the courts makes pollution and prosecution an acceptable risk and an acceptable business expense" . Naturally, the extent to which the extent to this will vary according to the polluting offender involved, however it would seem unlikely that the prospect of paying damages would have the same influence as the fear of facing an environmental regulator is set standards are breached."
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Legal Issues: Torts, 2005.
This paper examines Tort law in the United Kingdom, as pertaining to a landowner and three types of individuals.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the torts of nuisance and negligence in terms of the legal responsibilities of a landowner towards three types of individuals. The paper looks at three types of individuals; neighbors, invitees and trespassers. The paper covers the tort of nuisance as well as the tort of negligence. The paper examines the Duty of care of a landlord and the legal rights of the three parties.
From the Paper
"This paper will examine legal issues arising from this fact situation that was assigned for this case study. There are three possible plaintiffs that emerge from the facts of this case. These situations are as follows: 1. John the neighbor who lives in a dwelling house next door to Ian who runs a business and uses a generator which is situated near John's property. 2. Ken the legitimate visitor to Ian's property who was injured while visiting Ian's property 3. Lionel who was trespassing on Ian's property without his knowledge or consent. Legal Issues Concerning the neighbor: John: Does John have a possible tort of Nuisance against Ian? The Law regarding the Tort of Nuisance: The court will look at the legal rights of the plaintiff and the defendant. A balancing test is usually adopted and the standard used is one of reasonableness."
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Tort Reform, 2002.
Explores President George W. Bush's tort reform attempts in the White House.
1,086 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
President Bush came into the White House with a history as a ?tort reformer.? True to his record, the President backed a ?tort reform? bill that was passed by the House of Representatives but floundered in a Democratic controlled Senate. The President has recently renewed his call for the legislature to approve a tort reform bill that relates mainly to medical malpractice. It remains to be seen whether President Bush is successful in getting his proposals approved this time around as debate still rages among the supporters and opponents of the reform bill. This paper looks at the pros and cons of the issue. The paper includes a summary of the proposed public policy on tort reform, an examination of the impact of the policy (who shall be affected?), as well as the lobbying efforts in favor of and against the tort reforms.
From the Paper
"As for the lowering of health costs and insurance premiums, it is a contentious issue with both the opponents and supporters of the tort reforms holding widely divergent views. While the government contends that such reforms would reduce Federal government costs by at least $28 billion per year and cut health care costs for all Americans by $60 billion or more, the opponents argue that since medical malpractice premiums comprise only 0.59 % of national health care costs such tort reforms would have a very limited effect on health care costs. They also argue that ?insurance reforms? rather than ?tort reforms? are needed for lowering insurance premiums and quote the example of California where after implementation of medical malpractice reform, malpractice premiums increased 190 %. (?Tort Reform is not a Solution..?)"
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Tort Law: Assault and Battery, 2006.
A look at a legal case which falls under the category of tort law.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a definition of tort law and then takes a look at a particular legal case which falls under the area of tort law. The paper describes the case and provides reasons why it should be approached under the area of tort law.
From the Paper
"As tort law is the practice of law that addresses civil wrongs, wrongs in which a person's bodily security, property, material or economic resources, and well-being of personal reputation, it would seem that this is the area that should address the case being presented. In this case, the Plaintiff, Mr. Caudle, was taking part in festivities during a workplace party. Much tomfoolery and rambunctious behavior abounded, including the foolish tossing about of an electrical device which was known to give electrical shocks to those with whom it came in contact. When Mr. Betts, president of the workplace and Defendant, put said device in contact with Mr. Caudle, the Plaintiff received an injury which has caused many medical maladies, which not only required surgical treatment, but have not yet abated completely. This court will rule on the case based on tort law, looking at how it might fit..."
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Tort Law, 2005.
A discussion on tort law and its applications.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept and definition of tort law. The paper discusses intentional, negligent, strict liability, and product liability in relation to tort law. The paper discusses the purpose of tort law and how judgements are made in regards to these types of laws within the judicial system.
From the Paper
"Running Head: Tort Law Tort Case Comparison Criminology: Tort Case Comparison Introduction In tort law, proving cause and effect is the key ingredient to winning a case. The plaintiff is responsible for proving that the defendant caused the damage, the extent of damages incurred, and the degree of liability. Some legal experts argue that tort cases are the most challenging to prove in legal proceedings. Tort law was created in an effort to protect the security, property, reputation, and financial resources of a person(s). Tort law attempts to restore the injured party to the position in which they were in prior to the tort was committed ("Tort Law", 1996, n.p.)."
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Contract and Tort Law, 2005.
A discussion regarding the legalities involved in Contract Law and Tort Law.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the differences between tort law and contract law, and how they impact on the individual and/or organization. According to this paper, taking legal action based on tort law and contract law, is not simple. One has to taken the issues involved into very careful consideration. This paper reviews the issues and the necessary steps to be taken.
From the Paper
"Tort law and contract law specifically impact individuals or organizations that believe that they have encountered others who have negatively impacted them in an intentional manner. Yet, the determination of finding legal recourse through tort law or contract law requires specific attention to the actions that have occurred, as well as whether or not those actions may encompass both areas of law in relation to the individual. Contract law is, by definition, an agreement between two parties in which both are willing to enter into a binding mutual exchange where both entities benefit. The contract states what the parties are willing to exchange and generally provides all of the stipulations of that agreement in documented or verbal form (Rowley). The documentation or verbal agreement allows the parties to have proof of their intentions, and should those intentions not be met either party has a legal recourse through lawsuit as necessary."
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Tort Liability, 2005.
Examines tort liability in six different cases involving a fictitious company.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines tort liability in six different cases involving XYZ Limited. Among other things, the paper explores the appropriateness of the initial XYZ response to various issues and it also explores the legal underpinnings upon which will be based future actions. Ultimately, it may be said that the paper explores the complexity of tort law as it exists in the United Kingdom.
From the Paper
"Tort liability in English law is an extremely complicated matter. Because of this, the following paper will examine six cases involving tort law and attempt to determine the statues and or legal authorities that might guide a business decision in various situations where tort liability has been alleged. As will become apparent, organizations owe it to themselves to prepare as much as possible for possible suits as they are an inescapable part of doing business. In the first three cases to which we turn, both sides of the matter must be explored. From Bill's perspective, he was misled as to the vacation cottage he would occupy and he feels strongly that he should be recompensed for his inconvenience; in light of the inaccurate - possibly fraudulent - misrepresentation given to him by the now-insolvent travel company, his anger is perfectly understandable."
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