| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "MEMORIALS": |
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Memorials, 2004.
Comparison of the World Trade Center Memorial and the Vietnam Memorial.
1,037 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper compares two of the more recently constructed memorials honoring America's fallen: the World Trade Center Memorial, which honors those who died in the September 11, Twin Towers attack; and the Vietnam Memorial, which honors the young men and women who served and lost their lives in the Vietnam War.
From the Paper
"Those entering the contest for the Vietnam Memorial had to be a United States citizen who was at least 18 years old, and by the March 31, 1981 deadline, 2,573 individuals and teams had submitted 1421 designs. The designs were listed by numbers in order to maintain anonymity, and after narrowing down the entries to 39, the jury chose ?Number 1026 as it clearly met the spirit and formal requirements of the program. They felt its open nature would encourage access on all occasions, at all hours, without barriers, and yet free the visitors from the noise and traffic of the surrounding city (thewall-usa.com).?"
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The Psychology of Memory, 2006.
A discussion regarding the sensory memory, working memory and long-term memory.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper looks closely at a chapter describing the inner workings of our human memory, and the three component system that we utilize to retail information. Using sensory memory, working memory and long-term memory we can learn to better encode information in order to be more successful students. The more meaning we can attach to our memories, the stronger memories they become.
From the Paper
"Memories can seem to be fleeting moments, shocking us when we can not seem to recall the most standard pieces of information, or surprisingly dense, as when details one thought completely unimportant rise clearly into our thoughts. Understanding the processes behind memory can aid our quests to recall specific information similarly to how an information processing system such as a computer or database works. Through a clear understanding of the three component model of memory--sensory memory, working or short term memory and long term memory--one can apply this awareness towards creating specific rehearsal and encoding cues which will be more likely to remain stable in our long term memory. While the processes of memory have been speculated upon for centuries, a current model describes memory utilizing technological imagery. "
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Recovered Memory, 2008.
A discussion of recovered memory and repressed memory.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the mental faculty of recovered memory and the neurological mechanisms involved in retaining and recalling past experiences. It takes a particular look at the controversy among psychologists regarding repressed memory and whether or not it actually exists. The paper asserts that much scientific research supports the validity of repressed memory. The paper also points out, however, that this research does not address whether repressed memories are true or false, such as in the case of testimonies when dealing with abuses or crimes. The paper concludes that such accounts should indeed be taken very seriously and should be critically examined in relation to other evidence.
From the Paper
"False memories are memories that were distorted or even created within and outside of the therapeutic context. Patients with psychological distress see a therapist as a source of help in their search for an "effort at meaning" (Clansy, cited in Furtado, 2003). Patients' memory is extremely susceptible that the subtlest suggestion made by a doctor can alter or create false experiences such as memories of abuse. They can be created by the use of several techniques, such as recovered memory therapy, hypnosis, guided imagery, and dream interpretation (Davis, Loftus, & Follette, 2001). An experiment carried out by Dr. Nader and Dr. Shafe may give a neurobiological insight into how memories are updated. Using the fear conditioning process, they trained rats to associate a tone with an electric shock. Once the memory was consolidated, they presented the tone and immediately injected a drug that would inhibit the production of proteins. The fact that the animals reacted instead of freezing at the sound implied that the memories became vulnerable to suggestions, and that the production of new proteins were needed to store them back into long-term storage (Blakeslee, 2000)."
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Separating False Recollection from True Memory, 2002.
Analyzes Repressed Memory Syndrome and the problems involved in using memories as evidence.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the so-called "Repressed Memory Syndrome." The author discusses how the issue is controversial in that as the so-called victims are winning large settlements in courts, the number of therapists and cases is rising dramatically. While most psychiatrists admit that repressing traumatic memories does indeed happen, many do not believe in the existence of Repressed Memory Syndrome. The paper makes this case by discussing a slew of psychiatric evidence, all of which suggests that memory is not absolute, memories can certainly be created and that the tools therapists use to revive memories can actually help create them. The most damning evidence against RMS has been findings which suggest that the social and legal goals of the rememberer can influence memory. The author closes by arguing that more research needs to be done into how memories are created and how they can be distinguished from false ones, so that actual victims of child abuse need not be trivializes.
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Autobiographical Memory, 2002.
This paper discusses autobiographical memory, one's ability to store information for events and issues related to one's self.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that autobiographical memory includes, not only memories for specific experiences, but also memories for the personal facts of one's life. The author points out that the brain uses two forms of memory storage: Semantic memory and episodic memory. The paper relates that autobiographical memories are some of the most important memories we have because they include our self-image, our knowledge of the world around us, and the recall of emotional and specific events, which help to influence our lives.
From the Paper
"Episodic memory plays a role in autobiographical memory in a number of ways. First, parts of autobiographical memories involve ?flashbulb memories?, or the memory for a situation in which we had high emotion or surprise. For example, one may remember the day in which the World Trade center was attacked. The memory of this event includes information such as the place of the event, the event which was interrupted by the high emotion, where one received the news, the feelings associated with the news, and the emotions of those around them."
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Memory: How Reliable Is It ?, 2003.
Explores human memory and questions the reliability of memory.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains human memory and discusses how it is formed. It explores the mysteries the mechanisms of memory, the different levels of memory, and its reliability.
From the Paper
"According to the article by Dr. Helen Silvia, the temporal lobe is a region of the brain that presents a significant involvement with memory. It is localized under the temporal bone (above the ears) so named because hair in this region frequently is the first ones to become gray with time. There is considerable evidence pointing to this region as being particularly important for the storage of past events. The temporal lobe includes the temporal neocortex, which could potentially be the region involved with long-term memory."
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Examining the Validity of Repressed Memories, 2002.
A paper which explores the role of gender in suggestibility and memory elaboration.
3,228 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 18 sources, APA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
The repressed memory controversy has spawned numerous debates in a variety of fields, from clinical psychology to legal studies, from the utility of repressed memory testimony in the courtroom to the nature of memory storage and recall. This paper reviews the research literature around the concept of repressed memories and proposes that, despite its emerging salience as a factor, one area not elaborately researched is the role of gender in repressed memories. The paper proposes an experiment designed to test whether gender may affect the creation of false memories in undergraduates and postulates an outcome based on the hypothesis that the social acceptability of a suggested memory increases how readily participants assimilate new memories (and this can be correlated with gender socialization). The experiment's goal is to work toward understanding the role of gender in the occurrence of repressed memories.
From the Paper
"Given the predominance of repressed memory in females, the problem begs the question: does gender affect cognition? The full answer to that question is complex beyond the scope of this paper, but the general summary is that the evidence is inconclusive. From the popular view, it is generally believed that females are better at certain tasks such as facial recognition, color recollection, emotional recognition, and verbal memory; while males are better at tasks such as visuospatial reasoning, chronology, and number memory. At the same time, despite these persistent stereotypes, the evidence to support them is not conclusive (c.f. Caplan, 1997; Halpern 1986). We can say that there is some evidence indicating females may be more suggestible than males (McFarlane, 2002), which might account in part for of the difference in repressed memory, given that a predominance of clients are in therapy (under the influence of a therapist) at the time of the recovery (Freyd, 1999)."
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Repressed Memories, 2002.
This paper explores the psychological condition whereby a patient suffers from repressed memories.
2,694 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper examines research involving repressed and recovered memory. The writer begins by pointing out the issues and controversies that the psychiatric community is currently facing. The paper defines repressed memory and recovered memory as a "defense mechanism whereby our thoughts are pulled out of our conscious and into our unconscious".
Contents:
Introduction
Definition of Repressed Memory and Recovered Memory
Issues and controversy
Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Recovered Memories are memories that have been repressed and are recovered at some later date. Often times the event is not recovered until years after it has occurred. According to an article, published by Elsevier Science, recovered memory is not a new phenomenon. (Sivers et al 2002) In fact, it was first discovered during the early twentieth century. The article also explains that there are two schools of thought on the topic of recovered memory. The first school of thought asserts that memories of traumatic events can be repressed and recovered and that the recovered memories can be accurate and clear. The second school of thought asserts that adults with problems simply use the theory of repressed memory to make excuses for their dysfunctional lives."
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The Repressed/False Memory Debate and its Crucial Consensus, 2002.
Explores the nature of repressed memory and the ability of therapists to distinguish between true and false childhood memories.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 9 sources, £ 94.95
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Abstract
Summary: The repressed/false memory debate is marked by sharp polarities of what Loftus terms firm believers and skeptics who "point to the reconstructive nature of memory and ask for evidence and corroboration". The debate is far from theoretical since individual's reputations and futures are at stake. While the claims and arguments on both sides of the controversy will be discussed, the purpose here is to explore the nature of memory, repression and dissociation to determine if therapists can distinguish between true and false memories of childhood trauma.
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The Three Stages of Memory, 2006.
This paper delves into the three distinct stages of memory which consist of: Stabilization, enhancement and modification.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper reviews and analyzes the latest published research and relevant results pertaining to the nature and dynamics of human memory. The writer of this paper explores the significance of sleep on the formation of memory as well as the impact of menopause and its tendency to affect a woman's memory. This paper details the results of various studies which clearly explain the three distinct stages of memory while also delving into how and why memories either linger on or vanish. This paper presents the findings of studies done on babies and their capacity to remember which greatly increases between 8 and 12 months while long-term memory is not fully developed until after the first year of life. This paper also details the author's results to a particular experiment conducted on 11 students which focused on recognition and delayed recall as they pertained to names and numbers.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Discussion
Psychological Laboratory Report
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Findings of a new research unravel the three distinct stages of a memory, how memories endure or vanish. These stages are the stabilizing, the enhancing and the modifying of a memory. In the first stage, the memory or experience is created in the brain, stabilized and then saved like computer files but, unlike computer files, the memory needs six waking hours to become stabilized. The second stage happens during a full night's sleep, on which the enhancement of memory is absolutely dependent, and underscores the significance of sleep to the learning process. And the third stage is the recall phase, wherein the memory that has been stabilized and enhanced can be modified. These findings were drawn from a new research conducted with 100 young subjects, aged 18 to 27 in several finger-tapping sequences at various intervals and points in the sleep-wake cycle. The research, conducted at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center, focused on procedural skill memory, the type that enables the learning of coordination-based skills, like driving, sports, playing musical instruments and surgical procedure."
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Flashbulb Memories, 2007.
A discussion of the mechanisms behind the formation and recall of flashbulb memories.
1,702 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview of four experiments regarding the phenomenon of flashbulb memories. The paper explains flashbulb memories to be memories that are unusually vivid and never forgotten. The paper includes a discussion of the mechanisms behind their formation and recall, the effects of surprise and strong emotion and whether they should be regarded as different from other memories. The paper concludes that there does not seem to be enough evidence to raise flashbulb memories to a status above that of ordinary memories. They certainly have more emotion involved but, as studies have shown, they are still subject to recall errors.
From the Paper
"Nied wie ska (2004) performed an experiment that tested the effects of knowledge of memory storage on participant's memories, particularly flashbulb memories. In the study 158 psychology students at Jagiellonian University were asked to complete several surveys concerning the September 11th terror attacks, including the place the participant learned of the attack, the way they learned of the attack, what they were doing when they learned of the attack, how they reacted to news of the attack, and how those around them reacted to news of the attack. The students completed the first survey within 3 weeks of the attack."
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Alcohol and Memory, 2002.
Studies the effects of alcohol on memory and the variants of the concepts 'alcohol' and 'memory' in pscychological research, using articles as references.
775 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, £ 21.95
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Abstract
In experimental psychology research that studies the effects of alcohol on memory, there are significant differences in the ways "alcohol" and 'memory' are conceptualized. In the articles reviewed here, this paper will be drawing attention to the differences of context, that is, how the researchers have identified the relations of alcohol and alcoholism in contexts of studying memory processes.
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Dreams and Memories in "Nineteen Eighty Four" and "The Handmaids Tale", 2005.
An analysis of the use and significance of dreams and memories in "Nineteen Eighty Four" by George Orwell and "The Handmaids Tale" by Margaret Atwood.
1,381 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the importance of dreams and memories in two dystopian fictions - "Nineteen Eighty Four" by George Orwell and "The Handmaids Tale" by Margaret Atwood. It explains how the use of memories and dreams is a very useful tool which both authors have used in order to reflect the society and the characters within it. The writer discusses how throughout both novels the memories appear to be more vivid and detailed than the dreams, and how this helps the reader to understand events which have occurred to the protagonist. The writer further suggests how the memories represent the past and how it can affect the future, as well as how active the character is in the present. The writer points out that dreams also help Winston and Offred to face memories which are repressed during the day; they are as significant as memories if fewer in quantity. The writer concludes that both dreams and memories allow the reader a greater insight into the minds of the protagonists.
From the Paper
"Throughout '1984' and the 'Handmaids Tale' the need to escape from everyday life is and overwhelming urge, due to the harshly restricted and regimental lives which both protagonists live. Both societies are examples of totalitarian regimes in which the present situation is very different to the one in which they grew up in. In the 'Handmaid's Tale' it appears that the period is that of present day, her memories and dreams therefore range over the period of about thirty years. Starting from the 1970's when she was a child with her mother up to the 21st century in the Red centre. In '1984' Winston's memories cover the same periods of time however the period in which the society is set is not as clear as in the 'Handmaids Tale'."
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Short-Term Memory and Aging, 2008.
A discussion of the possible causes for short-term memory loss in old age.
2,550 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses short-term memory loss among the elderly. The paper points out that the habit of viewing difficulties of short-term memory loss as normal in aging is countered by knowledge of the phenomenon as a frequent indication of changes in other memory functions. The paper mentions current models, which address short-term memory in relation to brain connectivity, such that impaired short-term memory may be read as a sign for other alterations in memory or brain function that are more significant. The paper looks into a variety of causes in order to gain a better conceptualization of a condition that is a frequent symptom, rather than a disorder all its own. The paper concludes that symptoms involving cognition and memory indicate something, and are not reducible to old models of steady decline, especially mental decline, in old age.
From the Paper
"An aging North American population and much research attention given to Alzheimer's and dementia have produced considerable knowledge of help in understanding other conditions of brain function including mental and nervous disorder. Grady, Furey Et Al (2001) examined altered brain connectivity and the decline of short-term memory of a sample of Alzheimer's patients and a normal control group. Alzheimer's disorder is increasing defined as a syndrome of dysfunctional connectivity within the brain whose most apparent indication is often much impaired short-term memory. Given the technology available to neurologists and neuro-psychiatrists of today, much more is understood of what happens to the memory of the Alzheimer's patient in addition to knowledge allowing us to know more of the normal or aging person who does not present the condition. Delays in cognitive processing due to Alzheimer's changes affect other aspects of memory. For instance, impairment in the functioning of the prefrontal cortex of means the patient cannot recognize a once familiar face, or the face of a caregiver or other individual that is seen daily."
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