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The Medici of Renaissance Florence, 1996.
An overview of the contribution of the Medici family to Florence and the Renaissance.
1,399 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Renaissance was the cultural explosion in Europe, which was heard around the world whose roots trace back to Florence. It looks at how, for most of this time, Florence was ruled by various members of the Medici family, who encouraged Renaissance virtues throughout society and how, during Italy's Renaissance period of the 15th century, the Medicis provided the main impetus for the flourishing of commerce, humanism, and art in Florence.
From the Paper
"The Medici were never officially heads of the state; they gained influence through other means. Florence was a city of banking, and the Medici was its family of credit. The Medici family spread its banks across Italy in an effort to generate profit through by offering credit to Italian citizens. As the Medici became richer and richer, the merchants and other financially secure citizens whom they served took on positions of influence in Italian and Florentine governmental committees. The Medici "did not regularly serve in high office, but exercised power through [these] intermediate councils and committees, the membership of which [they] usually controlled." It was through their control of governmental committees that the Medici directed Florence's growth."
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Marriage in Renaissance Florence, 2002.
An analysis of Gene Brucker's non-fiction book "Giovanni and Lusanna: Love and Marriage in Renaissance Florence".
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the book "Giovanni and Lusanna: Love and Marriage in Renaissance Florence" by Gene Brucker which discusses the contractual aspects of marriage that arise from the financial elements of the union of two families. In the book, Lusanna, who had been widowed, sued Giovanni - an aristocrat and her social better by at least one class - by seeking formal recognition of their union, of the secret ?marriage? that the two of them had enjoyed. The paper shows that in challenging Giovanni?s right to set the conditions of their relationship, Lusanna was challenging the rights socially acknowledged to him by virtue of his wealth, his gender and his class.
From the Paper
"For Lusanna loved Giovanni, and he loved her as well ? their affair is tempestuous and passionate, if also touched by tragedy at times. It is the story of two classes, two genders, two ways of seeing the world coming into conflict with each other ? with the easily predictable result that the far more powerful side would win. But it is also a story of two people who love each other but who find themselves pulled apart ? both because of the nature of the structure of the society in which they live and because of their own natures."
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Florence, 2002.
This paper is a review of Richard Turner?s book entitled," Renaissance Florence: The Invention of a New Art."
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the book "Renaissance Florence," to review the revolution of art that occurred in 14th and 15th century Florence. Using examples from the book, the author details the history of Italy at this time, paying particular attention to Florence and its place in Italian society. It also details the changes that were undergoing in the city, and how Florence was becoming the center for art, particularly of the wealthy. The paper also details how religion was assuming an increasingly recognizable position in the world of art in the city and the role that this would play in shaping the future of Florence.
From the Paper
"The increased emphasis on art as status for the wealthy is most demonstrably reflected in Florentine architecture of the period, in the newly elaborate homes designed by artists of this period. Turner not only discusses monumental, obvious works of art that were for purely public consumption, but also the interrupts of private homes. There is a connection between the increasingly ornate design in both spheres. The fact that private life became increasingly decorative as well as public life, Turner makes clear, is equally significant as the development of the great works of art we commonly view as typical of the Renaissance. Individuals could now seclude themselves in beautiful private homes, validating their power by keeping others out, and validate their public power as well by sponsoring large public monuments in their name, to use as a reflection of the greatness of their family."
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Florence, 2006.
This paper discusses life in the city of Florence at the time of the Renaissance.
1,915 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses that after the lifetime of truncated religious and political dogmas fostered throughout the Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance proved to be a time of symbiotic influence between religion and politics in Florence. The writer examines the struggle between church and state in Renaissance Florence. The writer mentions the artistic awakening that pervades popular Renaissance history and depicts a world where man is the universal center of all things, provider of harmony between natural beauty and the created world. The writer concludes that in Renaissance Florence, the church and state were an integral part of life and each other. Because their unity reaffirmed the supremacy of the upper class and allowed little room for the new citizens who had modernized Early Renaissance Florence into the height of culture and thought a hundred years later, the middle class was excised from the political sphere of Florence.
From the Paper
"The artistic awakening that pervades popular Renaissance history depicts a world where man is the universal center of all things, provider of harmony between natural beauty and the created world. For the men of Florence, this sentiment was particularly true, while its application may not have been. For Datini, the struggle was clear; the detailed letters he exchanged with his wife shed light upon the dynamic hierarchy of Italy. In Prato, their exalted place in the local social structure was small-scale and easily attainable. An early mercantile magnate, Datini was able to transfer much of his industrial success to Florence, but there his social status was unmatched, instead, families like the Medicis continued their long-term rule of the city."
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Lorenzo De Medici & Italian Art, 1997.
Cultural background, role of Medici patronage in art of Renaissance in Florence, politics, humanism, major artists & works.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, £ 39.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine Lorenzo de' Medici and the arts in Florence during the Italian Renaissance. The plan of the research will be to set forth the historical context in which Florence and the Medici family became relevant to the emergence of Italian Renaissance art, and then to discuss the shape and significance of Medici influence on the phenomenon.
In order to appreciate the significance of Lorenzo de Medici for the Renaissance and for the arts of the period, it is first necessary to examine how the concept emerged in Europe, setting the stage for Medici influence. The Renaissance refers to the period, beginning as early as the fourteenth century, when the culture of Western civilization made transition from medievalism to modernism. Kirchner says that it dates from 1350 and "was distinguished by a spirit of confidence in man's achievements and .."
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Medici Family, 2003.
A discussion on the influences the Medici family in Renaissance Italy.
2,990 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Medici family in Renaissance Italy. It expands on the family's advancement of cultural life of Florence. The paper researches its political and economic power. Also mentioned in the paper is the family's patronage of the arts and its influence on the development of Italy.
From the Paper
"The rule of the Medici family in Florence had an enormous influence on the city-state and on the Renaissance in Italy and Europe. The Medici family advanced the cultural and civic life of Florence making it the cultural center of all Europe. Politically the ..."
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Florentine Art During the Renaissance, 2002.
A look at the development of art in Florence, Italy in the age of the Renaissance.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper will seek to understand how art in Florence, Italy was created, and by whom in the age of the Renaissance. By understanding the artist, some of the works that make this period so special, and what Florence was aiming for in the objectives of their art. By understanding all of these elements, we can see how the artist, and the patron brought together a humanistic art to a city built for great achievements.
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Renaissance Sculpture, 2002.
Compares the "Davids" by Donatello and Michelangelo to show how both pieces epitomize their periods and styles.
1,722 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The division of Renaissance art into three distinct periods began with Giorgio Vasari, the great Florentine art historian and chronicler of the lives of the artists. Vasari concluded, based on his universally accepted perception of Michelangelo as ?Il Divino,? that Renaissance art reached its most sublime expression in the works of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. However, some modern art historians wonder how valid or valuable this categorization and consequential value judgment is. Roberta J. M. Olson challenges the very existence of a ?High Renaissance,? on the grounds that ?the term is artificial, a qualitative judgment of ?High? signifying the best,? The paper shows that there are surely noticeable differences in the vivid expressions of Italian Renaissance art from the fifteenth to the sixteenth centuries. Art from the early period of the Renaissance sprouted from the preceding medieval and Gothic artistic traditions, with their emphasis on dramatic facial expressions and compositions. This is especially evident in the sculptural arts, those three-dimensional figures that rendered the human form with increasing idealism. The paper shows that this trend toward idealistic renditions of the human face and figure directly derived from a revived interest in the Classical arts of ancient Greece and Rome. In fact, Renaissance art in general is defined by its classical motifs, materials, and mannerisms. Donatello signified this coming together of two artistic and philosophical traditions in the early periods of the Renaissance in Florence. A century later, Michelangelo Buonarotti built upon Donatello?s earlier contributions to Italian art and sculpture in particular. The paper explains that although the works of Michelangelo defy categorization, his is generally considered to be ?instrumental in creating the High Renaissance,? and is heralded as that period?s hallmark of all the works available for research by art historians, the two that most epitomize their periods and styles and which are most easily comparable because of their similar subject matter are Donatello?s and Michelangelo?s statues of David. This paper therefore examines and discusses these two pieces and show how they characterize the time periods they represent.
From the Paper
"Moreover, Donatello?s David signifies the budding Renaissance style because it incorporates distinctive classical elements. These elements would later mature in the corresponding David by Michelangelo. Nevertheless, while Donatello preserved Biblical accuracy in his rendition of David slaying Goliath, he also paid tribute to the sculpture of ancient Greece and Rome. His David, in fact, is almost Mercurial with its pagan-influenced hat and its adorning wreath. Here, Christianity and paganism coexist in one statue. Michelangelo?s later version had none of this; in fact, Michelangelo did away with the image of Goliath altogether to focus solely on the stature of the hero?as if he perceived David as more of an ancient athlete than a Christian warrior. Similarly, Michelangelo underemphasized the actual struggle between David and Goliath: instead of a sword placed valiantly in the foreground as it is in Donatello?s, Michelangelo?s David sports a barely noticeable sling."
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The Harlem Renaissance, 2008.
This paper discusses the Harlem Renaissance as a period of changing times, especially for African Americans.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Harlem Renaissance, also known as the Black Literary Renaissance and The New Negro Movement, began in the neighborhood of Harlem in New York City. The author points out that the Harlem Renaissance promoted changes in music, literature, poetry and architecture. The paper relates that these changes started in the black community following the abolition of slavery and were quickened as a consequence of World War I. The author underscores that the Harlem Renaissance can be seen as the African-American cultural response to the great social and cultural changes taking place in America in the early twentieth century under the influence of industrialization and the start of a new mass culture. The paper describes Georgia Douglas Johnson, who wrote poetry and plays as an important player in this literary and cultural movement.
Outline:
I. The History of the Harlem Renaissance
A. The way the Harlem Renaissance started
B. How the Harlem Renaissance got its name
II. The changes that were made
A. The change in politics
B. The changes in the arts
III. Georgia Douglas Johnson
A. A brief biography
B. Her influence on the Harlem Renaissance
From the Paper
"The Harlem Renaissance was a time of excitement and change for all of those who participated. It took many people to change the things that these people changed. Everything changed from music, art, movies, and politics. Many African- Americans from the southern states moved to Harlem during this time. The African- American community had established a middle class in many cities, with New York City being one. This time of movement can be referred to as the Great Migration. The Great Migration brought thousands of African- Americans to the northern cities like Cleveland, Chicago, and Philadelphia."
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Italian Renaissance: A Political Science Perspective, 2002.
A presentation of the society which developed during the Italian Renaissance and the political factors which influenced its formation.
2,855 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Italian Renaissance from a political science perspective with particular focus on Florence and the crisis of legitimacy of the Renaissance. In order to fully understand the politics of the times, the writer briefly examines the background of the Renaissance and why it started in the Italian city-state of Florence. The types of government and politics that developed during the period and the effect these developments had on European politics and history are also discussed.
From the Paper
"Most scholars and historians are in general agreement that western civilization went into a cultural, political and intellectual decline following the eclipse of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. The decline lasted through the so-called Middle Ages until a series of dynamic intellectual and cultural movements in Europe from the 14th to 16th century (the Renaissance or ?re-birth?) acting as a bridge between the classical and the modern age catapulted Europe towards rapid development leading to the Age of Enlightenment, the industrial revolution and the present times. The origin of Renaissance is said to be Italy, with its center of gravity the city-state of Firenze (Florence, in English), although the movement later spread to the rest of Europe. The period of Renaissance is also notable for having produced several remarkable persons such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1516 AD)?the great painter, scholar, inventor and Niccolo Machiavelli (1569-1527)?the brilliant historian and political thinker."
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Florence: A Beautiful City, 2003.
The paper discusses the history, attractions, entertainment, dining options, and travel arrangements of Florence.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Florence, one of the most beautiful cities in the world, embodies everything about Italy and serves as a guide of what the city was like during the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. The author points out that the best place to stay, if on a budget, is the Mediterraneo Grand Hotel ($92) or, if a budget is no worry, the Savoy Hotel ($350). This paper contends that the best part of Florence is that the traveler can experience the big-city aspect of Florence, while having the ability to visit a rural wine colony or stay at a remote bed and breakfast and still being within easy access distance to Florence.
From the Paper
"Because of Florence?s historical past, there are many things to see if we visit. There are many churches, museums, art galleries, and castles that allow us to experience Florence?s and Italy?s past. The first site that should be on every one?s to-do list is the Duomo. The Duomo has become, according to sources, the symbol of Florence, and I must say from the pictures, it is very impressive. The Duomo was a former cathedral built at the end of the Medieval period using Gothic style architecture. While it has become the symbol of Florence it has also become the center. Because of this many of the important historical and cultural events are usually found by the Duomo. Today the Duomo serves as one of the many historical cathedrals and museums."
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The Renaissance Man and Woman, 2007.
This paper defines the qualities of the ideal Renaissance man or woman.
1,162 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the qualities deemed necessary for one to be considered a renaissance man or woman. These characteristics are taken from literary sources of the Renaissance. The features of the Renaissance man and woman suggest at once a superficial concern with appearances and at the same time an appreciation for the innate talents and abilities of every human being. The author takes issue with the lack of morality placed on the Renaissance man or women.
From the Paper
"Physical prowess and mastery of weaponry are essential skills for Castiglione's Renaissance man. Both men and woman are victims of their physical endowments. According to Castiglione, being too tall or too short can hinder the development of a man's athletic skills (p. 34). The Renaissance man is also literally well-rounded: he should be agile and strong, with "shapely" limbs (Castiglione, p. 30, line 26). Renaissance women must also fulfill specific requirements. Though they should develop their bodies as well as their minds, Renaissance women should not undertake strenuous activities, as even dancing too energetically can impede her "womanly sweetness," (Castiglione, p. 35, line 192). Neither men nor women should take sport--or anything else--too seriously because being well-rounded is more important than being a specialist. At the same time, both Castiglione and Alberti infer an appreciation for the diligent development of specific talents and skills, whether tennis, dancing, or archery. Therefore, the ideal person is not a dilettante. When the Renaissance man or woman becomes proficient at something, he or she can show that skill off in polite company, though without conceit. Being what modern people would call "cool" is a key component of the Renaissance ideal. Castiglione calls that feature "nonchalance," and the Renaissance man and woman should be talented and modest at the same time."
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Renaissance, 2007.
This paper provides an examination of the Renaissance period.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that for most historians and scholars, determining exactly when the Renaissance Period began has proven to be very difficult, but the majority believe that the embryo of the Renaissance era began in the early 15th century. The writer discusses the Renaissance period when the most influential men and women were those who, as a combined force, literally changed the way that humans think about the natural world and their existence within it. The writer maintains that the Renaissance period was indeed a time of triumph and artistic mastery and greatly shaped and convoluted the then known world. Further, the writer relates that it witnessed the growth and development of architecture, sculpture and painting as never before in the history of Western civilization. The writer concludes that the masters of the Renaissance created what today is called fine art.
From the Paper
"The grandson of Cosimo de Medici was Lorenzo the Magnificent who went far beyond his grandfather in regards to accumulating masterpieces of art and the men who created them. As a poet, Lorenzo gathered about him an immense plethora of artists from all fields of study and extended his grandfather's library at Florence which helped to establish one of the first European centers for academic instruction in the arts, known as the Platonic Academy of Philosophy. Lorenzo also spend huge sums of money on the refurbishment of buildings and festivals dedicated to the arts."
"Thus, through the combined power and influence of the de Medici, the city of Florence became one of great beauty and stood as the capital of all the arts in Europe for more than two hundred years. Also, this flourishing of the arts in Florence resulted in tremendous growth in other European cities and extended well into the northern regions of Europe to create what is known as the Northern Renaissance."
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