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Future Wars of the Middle East, 2006.
A research paper exploring the possibility of a future breakout of war in the Middle East and North Africa due to the scarcity of water throughout the region.
20,838 words (approx. 83.4 pages), 48 sources, MLA, £ 176.95
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Abstract
This dissertation presents a case study of the possibility of future wars throughout the Middle East and North Africa due to water scarcity and limited water resources presently being experienced in that region. The paper starts by revealing the gravity of the situation by showing the present statistics surrounding the problem of water scarcity throughout the world. Thereafter, the paper highlights the importance of water in the national economy. From then on, the paper discusses the present situation of water scarcity in the Middle East by noting the present available resources of water in the Middle East. Lastly, the paper highlights the reason underlying possible future water wars in the Middle East and North Africa. The paper concludes by briefly analyzing the findings and assessing possible variables and alternative scenarios that might be adapted by the Middle East and North African states to avert war.
Table of Contents
Abstracts
Synopsis
Introduction
The Importance of the Availability of Water
Presently Available Water Resources in the Middle East
The Conflict in the Future
Hypothesis
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Collection of Data
Data Analysis and Search Tactics
Limitations of the Study
Findings
Geographic Location
Regional Tension, Disharmony and Centuries of Conflict
Vague International and National Laws
Population Explosion
Increase Demand and Decrease Supply
Pollution
Water Exploitation Methods
Economic Growth in the Middle East
Border Conflicts
The Domestic Situation and Regional Conflicts
Assessment of Expected Variables
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At present, as mentioned above, approximately 40% of the world's population is dealing with the scarcity of water. In fact, hundreds and thousands of humans travel all year long in search of water. They live their lives like nomads and remain in one place until they have utilized the water resources. While, this picture is very noticeable in the Middle East countries, more and more countries are joining the listing of such countries. Experts fear that if the present situation is not given the due attention, then by the middle of this century, almost 65% of the world's population will be confronting water scarcity and famine (Steve Lonergan, 1996). The gravity of the situation in the Middle East can be gauged from the fact that in the mid 1990's almost 8 countries from this region fell below the international standards of "absolute water scarcity," while many others had been on the brink of falling below the redline (Robert Engelman and Pamela LeRoy, 1993). This situation occurs when the yearly per capita fresh water accessibility of a nation drops below 500 cubic meters. These 8 countries in the Middle East faced inbuilt problems and difficulties of water scarcity that severely threatened the public healthcare structure, as well as, hindered the growth and development of the socio-economic system. To add to the difficulty, these regions have one of the highest population growth rates in the world. One does not have to be a rocket scientist to determine the fate of countries if their water resources come to a stand still while their population is rapidly growing at the rate of more than 3 percent (Ashok Swain, 1996)."
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Impact of War in the Middle East, 2005.
This paper examines the ecological and economic impact of war in the Middle East.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper closely studies the ecological, economic, and emotional effects of war(s) in the Middle East. First the writer looks at the 1991 Persian Gulf War and the impact it had upon the global economy and environment. Then the writer surmises, as the effects are yet to be totally seen, on the impact of the current war in Iraq upon the world's resources.
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Media and the Middle East, 2004.
This paper reviews and analyzes the role of American and Arab media groups and the manner in which they report on the events occurring in the Middle East, particularly as they pertain to the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 54 sources, APA, £ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper supplies clear and detailed historical background information on the conflict between the Israelis and the Palestinians. This paper focuses on the ongoing conflict between the two nations from the end of WWII and up to the present. This paper discusses and compares the media coverage of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict by both American and Arab media groups. The writer of this paper also analyzes the political and religious bias which exists in the media when reporting on events in the Middle East.
From the Paper
"This literature review compares media coverage of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict from October through March. This introduction to the literature review presents essential background information on the issue, provides justification for the focus period as well as delineates the organizational structure of the literature review. The Palestinian-Israeli conflict dates to the period immediately following the end of the Second World War."
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Media Coverage of the Middle East Conflict, 2004.
This paper analyzes the significant role of the media in reporting the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This argumentative paper examines the role of the media in its biased, albeit occasionally, reporting of the events occurring in the Middle East. The writer of this paper contends and explains why the media must be held responsible for its depiction of events. This paper also reviews the actual process of framing news coverage by the media particularly as it pertains to its reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
From the Paper
"This paper at a general level assesses media performance. At a specific level this paper analyzes media coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, as that conflict has evolved during the inclusive period. The specific focus in this analysis is on how the media framed the conflict in the coverage of the various stories and reports about the conflict."
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Media and the War in the Middle East, 2005.
This paper is an essay discussing the design and ethical relationships of the media's presentation of the war in Iraq especially information from the internet.
1,955 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper states that everyday television reporting of the war in the Middle East seems inconsistent with the logic of television's informative-realistic effect because, it seems as if the reports produce fiction and the escalation of horrors transforms fact into fiction. The author believes that the war is not only changing the perception of the media as such but also the perception of society; television is not a mirror of society, but society is a mirror of television. The paper explains that the web seems to offer a global reference resource but it presents many problems of credibility, reliability, bias, timeliness and comprehensiveness.
From the Paper
"Turning on the television means establishing a connection with the place of broadcasting and being literally and continually present at the birth of the picture. The television picture materializes because of a short circuit between the place of transmission and the place of reception. But due to the speed of transmission of the electronic signal, the television picture is practically simultaneous and we do not notice a delay in time. As a result, we are able to establish a physical contact with one of the most traumatic events of our time, the situation in Iraq. The individual viewing the television experiences events as though they were happening presently and in close location. This is the case even if the events are thousands of miles away, occurring at a different time and in a different place."
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Media in the Middle East, 2002.
Examines media bias in mass reporting on the crisis between Palestine and Israel.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 9 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
In the crisis between Israel and Palestine, two key themes seem to require exploration: Methods or processes and goals. How do the methods of the Israelis and Palestinians and their objectives compare and what does their portrayal in the media reveal about the conflict and more importantly, mass media and communication.
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The Media and the Middle East, 2002.
A comparative analysis of CNN.com and MSNBC.com coverage on an attack on an Israeli mall.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper compares May 28th reports from CNN.com and MSNBC.com about the recent attack on an Israeli mall and the Israeli response.
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Conflict in the Middle East, 2005.
A discussion on why the Middle East can be considered a conflict area.
26,575 words (approx. 106.3 pages), 40 sources, MLA, £ 176.95
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Abstract
Over the last hundred years, the Middle East has been one of the most troubled regions in the world. This paper attempts to define the attributes for success in the modern world that the Arab community lacks such as freedom, knowledge and woman power and how these impact the current political situation.
Outline
Islam Causes Conflict in the Middle East
Islam Does Not Cause Conflict in the Middle East
The Arab-Israeli Dispute Causes Conflict in the Middle East
Israeli Leadership Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Palestinian Leadership Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Lack of Democracy Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Oil Profits Cause Conflict in the Middle East
Water Scarcity Could Cause Conflict in the Middle East
From the Paper
"Sharon has spent years trying to erase the stain of the Lebanon War. Still, the legal defeat would seem to be the least of his troubles. After he won the premiership by promising to bring peace and security to Israel's citizens, Sharon has produced neither. The conflict with the Palestinians continues to escalate. The day of the court ruling, four Israelis died in Palestinian attacks; the following day, six soldiers died in a strike against an army roadblock. Sharon responded with a rare speech to the nation--in which he disappointed all expectations that he would announce a new policy direction. Among voters, confidence that he has a strategy is bleeding away. In one Israeli public-opinion poll, 29 percent of respondents said that Sharon had a clear plan, while 58 percent said he was simply reacting to events."
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Canada and the Middle East, 2006.
This paper explores Canada's contributions towards the struggles in the Middle East and the Middle East peace process.
2,060 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Canada's involvement, past and present, in the conflicts in the Middle East relative to other nations. The paper details the numerous conflicts in the Middle East over the years. The paper explores the contributions of other nations towards the Middle East peace process and demonstrates how the contributions of Canada, unlike many other nations, are effective, but silent.
From the Paper
"Past and present, the Middle East has been in a constant state of chaos, involving nations worldwide. Progressing negatively with no major improvement, many third parties, alongside the Arab nations, have put forth constant efforts, despite many failures, in an attempt to restore the Middle East to its once peaceful state. The active contributions by many nations, including the United States of America, and the Soviet Union, have been witnessed and recognized worldwide. The contributions of Canada, unlike the many other nations, are effective, but silent."
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Modern Middle East, 2007.
An analysis of the Middle East according to two books entitled "The Modern Middle East: A History", one written by James Gelvin and the other by Sun Allah Ibrahim.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two books entitled "The Modern Middle East: A History," one written by James Gelvin and the other by Sun Allah Ibrahim. The paper discusses the differing views of the two authors on the same subject with Gelvin suggesting that the Middle East has remained tyrannical and economically stagnant, while Ibrahim suggests that Western ideology has penetrated the once supposedly pure nationalist governments of the Middle East.
From the Paper
"The young man's choice, that of a doctor who is famous for his works of global outreach and philanthropy, shows that the apparently noxious ideology of globalization has already penetrated even his consciousness. The reason the doctor is seen as evil in the book is because he is an international figure, and globalization is deemed to be harmful. The committee is afraid that if the young man selects this doctor, the regime's true ideology will be revealed, and the Westernized control of the Middle East will make itself known to the general population. The ideology of the supposed diversification of interests of modern economic life masks the real, controlling presence of the West that is manifest even on the Carter buses that run through the streets. This demonstrates that the nation is in the grips of a consumption ideology that only results the people consuming things against their own true nation's interests. Rather than Coca-Cola, Ibrahim suggests, better to drink in the ideology of true anti-capitalist nationalism."
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Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East", 2005.
This paper discuses Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East", a modern history of the Middle East from the perspective of the changing peasant and urban artisan classes and the emerging modern working-classes.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 0 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East" begins in 1750, which marks the start of modern history for the Middle East because of (1) the rise of autonomous provincial regimes, (2) the expansion of agricultural production and (3) the intensification of links between several parts of the Ottoman Empire and the world capitalist market. The author points out that Beinin argues that industrial manufacturing was introduced to the Middle East as part of a drive to establish modern armies and extend the power of the states. The paper relates that Beinin considers the period after the collapse of global oil prices in 1985-86, when states became unable to provide previously established levels of services, thus creating an economic and moral vacuum, as the beginning of the political Islamic movements of establishing a popular base by offering social services, including education, health care and child care.
From the Paper
"During the era of Fordism-Keynesianism many Middle Eastern states pursued policies of populism, nationalist anti-imperialism, state-led economic development, and import-substitution industrialization. Some examples of this post-World War II trend he cites were Muhammad Mossadegh's nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1951 and Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company in 1956. State-led development and import-substitution industrialization were key components of the social policies advanced by Gamal 'Abd al-Nasir in Egypt, the Ba'th in Syria and Iraq and the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) from the 1950s to the 1970s. The political and economic programs of these authoritarian-populist regimes were designated "Arab nationalism" and "Arab socialism" respectively."
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U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East, 2006.
Examines America's foreign policy in the Middle East since 1991.
2,764 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 17 sources, APA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper critically assesses the impact of U.S. foreign policy on the Middle East since 1991. It explores how the post-Cold War global order affects Middle East politics and how the conflict in the Middle East affects the 'New World Order'.
Table of Contents:
Part I: Summary
Part II: Background to and Nature of American Policy in the Middle East since 1991
Part III: Impact of American Policy in the Middle East
Part IV: Conclusion.
From the Paper
"America's policy of coercive appropriation of the region's only major resource has had another parallel, though highly profound impact. In order to break free from what the countries of the region perceive as the American stranglehold over their resources, many countries have started cooperating with each other to exploit the oil-rich Caspian region. Based on the idea of excluding America from the pipeline grid, this brings several countries from even outside the periphery of the Middle East in close ties with each other. This could spell a total alteration of the geo-strategic dynamics of the region."
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American Foreign Policy in the Middle East, 2002.
A look at the history of the relationship between the Middle East and the Western World.
1,454 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the history of foreign policy in the Middle East. It goes into the vast differences between cultures of the Arab world and cultures of the rest of the world and compares them in a global environment. Terms, such as globalization, tribalism, and imperialism are discussed and used to compare relations between the Middle East and the Western world. The paper also goes into current trends in foreign policy toward the Middle East. It has become more manipulating than helpful. The people of the Middle East still suffer, despite the efforts of the United States. In fact, the United States government is more concerned with maintaining a balance of power between Middle Eastern nations than maintaining the integrity of human rights. This paper places all of this content into an organized display.
From the Paper
"The events that are occurring at this very time in the Middle East are grim. Every place one looks, there is a violation of human rights, someone being killed, a war going on, or a level of poverty exists that an American could not even comprehend. Throughout the beautiful landscapes, warlords and military dictators have taken over countries and the populations live in fear. In the news, Americans see huge crowds cheering when the US flag is burnt, and the president being hung. After September 11, 2001, American children could see Arab children on television cheering at the disaster. The roots of this Arab rage lead right back to American foreign policy in the region."
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Does the State Still Matter in the Middle East?, 2006.
An in-depth examination of the nature and reality of the state in the Middle East.
5,332 words (approx. 21.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether the state in the Middle East still exists at all given the that the power and sovereign structures of the Middle East are so complicated and varied. The paper attempts to address this topic by first providing a definition of the state and then by addressing how the issues of terrorism, power structures, and the fragmented nature of regional politics and religion, impact directly upon the nation state in a way that is unfamiliar in western political processes. The paper then examines the theoretical nature and physical beginnings of the nation state itself and shows how the Middle East state is failing to even meet the basic criteria of what is expected of a functioning sovereign entity. The paper further discusses how the position of the state is continually and systematically challenged and it is therefore unsurprising that the state is imperilled and its ability to act as the sole sovereign entity over a given territory and population is impaired. The paper concludes that the Middle East must find its own avenues to pursue in order to ensure that the accountable nation state becomes the sole object of political power.
From the Paper
"The Middle East represents probably the most complicated and disorientated collection of political power processes in the modern world. For centuries however this was not so, and the 'Muslim world' as it is so commonly and unhelpfully phrased showed advancements in science, engineering and military proficiency that dazzled its competitors. However, with the collapse of the Ottoman Empire after the First World War, the unitary political system that had dominated the region for centuries disintegrated into boiling antagonisms between religious and ethnic groups that colonial domination was only relatively successful in subduing. It was the natural conclusion that as colonial power began to reduce in the face of vehement movements of regional self-determination, these ancient antagonisms would be given full reign. It is the pinnacle of this process that we see in action in the modern Middle East."
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