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Ferdinand Magellan and Circumnavigation, 2004.
Review of Martin Torodas's work about Ferdinand Magellan, "Magellan Historiography".
762 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 14.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the analytic methods used by Torodas in his work on Magellan. The paper points out that the scarcity of literature on the historiography of Magellan presents a problem for Torodas, which he confronts through historical, textual, and meta-analysis of available information. Through these methods, the paper asserts, Torodas assesses conflicts and parallelisms regarding the circumnavigation activities and life of Magellan and, consequently, is able to confront the primary issue in his article, which is to determine Magellan historiography despite its scarcity. The paper concludes by suggesting that Torados's study significantly contributes to the techniques and methods that historians must have to ensure that historiographies are conducted systematically and with rigor.
From the Paper
"The Age of Discovery that emerged in the 15th-16th centuries in Europe, led by Spain and Portugal, was marked and characterized by the prevalence of sea navigations to discover new lands or 'primitive' societies. These lands and societies were also potential colonies, wherein their territories could be expanded and resources exploited for the economic benefit of European countries. Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese-born Spanish explorer and navigator, played a significant role during this age, mainly because of contributions in establishing Spanish colonies in the islands of the Pacific. However, historiography on Magellan remains scarce despite his contributions and numerous journeys around the world. Torodas confronts this issue by discussing and analyzing related works of literature pertaining to not only the accomplishments and activities of Magellan as navigator and explorer, but also as the first individual to prove (empirically) that the earth is round, giving prestige to European navigation missions."
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Magellan, 2002.
A biography of Ferdinand Magellan, using William Mancherster's portrayal of the great explorer.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, £ 13.95
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Abstract
This essay examines William Manchester's portrayal of the great explorer Ferdinand Magellan in his book "A World Lit Only By Fire: The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance Portrait of an Age".
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Ferdinand of Aragon in "The Prince", 2002.
A look at the character of Ferdinand of Aragon in Niccolo Machiavelli's "The Prince".
1,980 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
Ferdinand of Aragon is represented both directly and indirectly in the text. Ferdinand of Aragon is one of the few characters whom Machiavelli openly compliments. However, as the research demonstrates, Ferdinand of Aragon is indirectly mentioned in several instances that contradict the praises openly bestowed upon him. Ferdinand of Aragon is often referred to as Ferdinand the Catholic. The research supports the thesis that when Machiavelli speaks of Ferdinand of Aragon, he his actually expressing his political views about he Catholic Church as a whole. Furthermore, the research demonstrates how Machiavelli uses Ferdinand of Aragon and passages about other prominent figures in the Catholic Church to express ideals regarding the separation of church and state that will eventually lay the ground work for many modern political ideas.
From the Paper
"Prior to the time of Machiavelli, Italy had lived in a period of stability and peace. To many the Catholic Church symbolized this peace. The Catholic Church was the governing force in the area. During the time of Machiavelli, many people began to see the corruption and greed the enveloped the supposedly pious leaders of the time. During the time of Machiavelli, the people began to view the Church as a symbol of greed and corrupt power. However, at that time the Church held so much power that it was dangerous to speak out against the Church. To do so could be dangerous and the person ran the risk of persecution or excommunication.
Many writers of the time wished to express their opinions and the opinions of those who disagreed with the Church. Dante's Inferno is a classic example of this technique. In this work the characters on the road to Hell embodied principles, rather than the actual persons represented. The ideals were hidden metaphorically in the characteristics and lives of the characters. Machiavelli used this technique also and Ferdinand of Aragon is one of the primary examples of the use of metaphor to describe the Catholic Church."
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"Magellan's Route in the Pacific", 2004.
Review and analysis of George E. Nunn's article about Portuguese explorer, Magellan, which argues that the historically accepted account of the Portuguese explorer's route is inaccurate.
908 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the reasons put forth by George E. Nunn in his article about Magellan, which argue that the historical account of Magellan's route is inaccurate because it is based on the unreliable log of Francisco Albo. The paper discusses the three discrepancies that Nunn points out in his article and concludes that, in spite of the plausibility of Nunn's thesis, the article falls short of being completely verifiable.
From the Paper
"Nunn cites three main discrepancies regarding the route specifically. First, where Magellan actually set off to cross the Pacific from South America is unclear because of the wide variances in crew logs. As the author states, "The wide variations among the several calculations and their variance from the truth, where discoverable, are sufficient to show their questionable value," (621). To illustrate his point, Nunn offers maps and charts and geographical information such as longitudinal points. Similarly, the question of where Magellan initially veered westward from the continent can only be answered through thorough investigation of the explorers' geographical possibilities. Nunn also notes that major discrepancies in the journal entries make this question difficult to answer but that Albo's log is definitely unreliable. According to Albo, Magellan turned west at latitude 32 degrees south on December 19, 1590."
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Community by Arthur Miller and Ferdinand Tonnies, 2005.
A review of Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" and Ferdinand Tonnies' "The Argument".
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, £ 13.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the idea of community in Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman". It then discusses a chapter by Ferdinand Tonnies "The Argument". The paper discusses the way in which Tonnies develops an argument about the nature of community and in the process, makes a compelling argument for the value and worth of true community.
From the Paper
" The Idea of Community in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman and Ferdinand Tonnies' "The Argument" In the chapter "The Argument," Ferdinand Tonnies develops an argument about the nature of community. In the process, he makes a compelling argument for the value and worth of true community. In Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, by contrast, we see a man existing without any community, in the sense described by Tonnies - although the man is not truly aware of it. In the light of Tonnies' description of community, Willy Loman's implosion becomes understandable. In addition, Loman's notion of society is inferior to Tonnies' notion."
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Ferdinand I, 1994.
This paper discusses the life of Ferdinand I, the 11th Century Spanish ruler of Leon, Castile, Galicia and the Rioja and his career as leader in political, religious and military contexts.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 6 sources, £ 50.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the life of Ferdinand I, also known as Fernando I, ruler of Leon, Castile, Galicia and the Rioja from 1035 to 1065. The first part of the paper will provide some background to Ferdinand's reign, examining the respective situations of the Moorish empire in Spain and the Christian kingdoms in northern Spain. The second part of the paper will look at the career of Ferdinand I and provide some detail of his role in the Christian Reconquest of Spain. The third part of the paper will discuss some of the reasons for the success of the Christians in weakening the Moorish empire in Spain during the Eleventh Century."
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Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, 1974.
This paper describes th 15th Century reign of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 7 sources, £ 45.95
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From the Paper
" In terms of popular understanding of the history of this reign, the patronage of Columbus and his discovery of America overshadows far more significant social, political, religious, and economic developments resulting from the contemporary liberalism of these two monarchs, called "The Catholic Kings." In 1469, Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon. In 1474, when Henry IV of Castile died, he the half-brother of Isabella, Isabella became Queen of Castile. In 1479, John II of Aragon died, and Ferdinand inherited his throne. With their great minister, Cardinal Mimenes, they worked harmoniously in fusing all the states of Spain into a political and ecclesiastical unity. Reorganizing the Santa Hermandad, or Holy Brotherhood, a body of some 2,000 police, they checked robberies ... "
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Ferdinand V, 2002.
A biographical and historical examination of this fifteenth century Spanish ruler.
2,814 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
Born on March 10, 1452, at Sos in Aragon, Ferdinand V was the son of John II of Aragon and Juana Enriquez of Castile. This paper shows that as Ferdinand the Catholic of Spain and the husband of Isabella I, heiress apparent to the Castilian crown, this dynamic monarch laid the foundations of Spanish unity and imperial power. The paper explores how Ferdinand was instrumental in the "discovery" of America by Christopher Columbus in 1492 and the introduction of Spanish power in the "New World" which altered the entire history of the Western hemisphere.
From the Paper
"In Aragon, Ferdinand approached his problems connected with Catalonia in a more constitutional way. The Sentence of Guadalupe in 1486 offered a compromise solution to the difficult peasant question in Catalonia, where the municipalities were assured a degree of autonomy. In Catalonia, the king remained essentially what he had been in medieval times, namely a supreme lord but with strict limits on his powers. But in Castile, the Crown was in a position to exercise absolute power, while in Catalonia and throughout Aragon, power was limited by the traditional contractual relationship. This contrast was to be profoundly important for the later history of the two Crowns and lay at the root of the major rebellions, especially that of 1591, that the citizens of Aragon were to undertake against Castile."
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Ferdinand and Isabella, 1991.
A look at the political, religious and military conditions in Medieval Spain under these rulers.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, £ 24.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to discuss conditions in medieval Spain under the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella.
The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella united the greater part of the Spanish peninsula in the hands of the royal couple. Outside the new state remained only the Christian Kingdoms of Navarre and Portugal and the Moslem Kingdom, Granada. Politics as well as religious differences determined that the latter would be conquered by the Catholic sovereigns. They had hardly restored internal order and repulsed the Portuguese invaders when they demanded the tribute paid by the Moors to their predecessor kings and queens. Muley Abul Hassan, who was then the monarch of Granada, answered that his mints no longer contained any gold, but steel. Despite this belligerent reply the truce was renewed, but without either side having any confidence that it would..."
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"Journey to the End of the Night" by Louis-Ferdinand Celine, 1994.
An examination of the physical and spiritual journey of the character of Bardamu as an individualist fleeing war, social conformity and American capitalism.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, £ 28.95
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From the Paper
"The character of Bardamu in Celine's novel Journey to the End of the Night takes a spiritual journey in the course of the novel, and the title indicates the direction in which this journey is directed. In the context of the novel, the author holds civilization in a variety of manifestations up to scrutiny and finds it rotten to the core. His hero lives in a world that is itself insane, and when he ends in an asylum, it is truly that--an asylum protecting him from the insane world on the outside, a world far more insane than anything found on the inside. Different aspects of Western civilization are represented in the novel, and in each the author shows through Bardamu's experiences how corrupt the system is at heart and how necessary it is to flee from it. The values held up as vital and paramount by the system are values the author does not prize and..."
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Martin Luther: Bad Ass?, 2001.
This paper analyzes Martin Luther's role in Western Civilization, comparing his achievements with other influential historical figures such as Alexander the Great, Jesus, Muhammad and Magellan.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at five significant historical figures (Alexander the Great, Hannibal, Jesus, Muhammad, and Magellan) and compares their accomplishments and influence to those of Martin Luther. The paper's thesis question is: Was Martin Luther a bad ass? This question is answered on a historical basis as his actions and achievements are categorized and compared with the five individuals listed above. It also looks at Luther's achievement in 21st Century frame of mind. It focuses on his last influence in all aspects of modern life.
From the Paper
"Carter Lindberg states in his book The European Reformations, "An initial move to control the complicated and multifaceted reality of the Reformation is to define the terms used for it and the era it covers." In order to secure Luther in the annuals of history as a "bad ass", one must not only clarify the characteristics of that title, but also view his accomplishments in a 21st Century frame of reference. First, it should be determined which historical figures might fall into the category of being labeled a "bad ass." At this point, the common characteristics of a historical "bad ass" will become evident. Second, after determining these characteristics, they then must be applied to Luther and the result will be forthcoming."
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Employee Work Performance, 2005.
Report on Ferdinand F. Fournies's book, "Why Employees Don't Do What They Are Supposed to Do - and What to Do About It".
881 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes and positively reviews Fournies's book on strategies for management and how to improve employee performance. The paper highlights the key points of the book and looks at who could best apply Fourneis's approach.
From the Paper
"And that is followed, as all of his opening paragraphs are, by a series of bullet points, including "what your employees are saying to each other": "Whatever you do, don't tell the boss you don't know how to do something"; "if you don't know how to do it, fake it...they will never trace the error back to you"; among other silly but realistic rationalizations employees invoke to mask their ignorance, indifference, or incompetence."
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Language Theories, 1996.
Examines ideas of Ferdinand de Saussure, Jacques Lacan & Sigmund Freud related to linguistic, psychological & semiotic interpretations of the individual & culture.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, £ 28.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the theories of Ferdinand de Saussure, Jacques Lacan, and Sigmund Freud as they relate to linguistic, psychological, and semiotic interpretations of the individual and of the culture as a whole. The plan of the research will be to set forth a summary of Saussure's theory of semiotics and the outlines of Freudian psychological theory, and then to discuss the connection between the work of Lacan and Freud in regard to analysis of human subjectivity, as well as the connection between Lacan's work to linguistic theory in general and Saussurian semiotics in particular.
According to Saussure, language has a dual function. One is public, or a logical and social, while the other is private, imaginative, or psychological. It is in the second manner that creative and imaginative processes may surface, including the ..."
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World War I, 2005.
This paper examines the causes of World War I.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, his death triggered a chain of events, which led to a general European war a month later. The author points out that the archduke had been the heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne. The paper relates that his murder by a Serbian nationalist incited enraged demands throughout Austria-Hungary that Serbia be punished.
From the Paper
"When Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914, his death triggered a chain of events which led to a general European war only a little more than a month later. The archduke had been the heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, and his murder by a Serbian nationalist incited enraged demands throughout Austria-Hungary that Serbia be punished. Most Europeans regretted the tragedy but considered the assassination a matter that would be handled by the appropriate law enforcement authorities in the Austria-Hungarian Empire."
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