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Macroeconomics, 2004.
An overview of macroeconomics through a review of the company, Western Reserve Life.
1,107 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how macroeconomics is the study of economics in terms of whole systems, especially with reference to general levels of output and income and to the interrelations among sectors of the economy. In order to demonstrate macroeconomics in motion, it examines a company called Western Reserve Life (WRL), briefly summarizes an article called "Toward a Revolution in Macroeconomics", and relates the article to WRL through a discussion on supply and demand, pricing, and international factors.
From the Paper
"International factors play an important role in the success of WRL. The world is constantly changing, and major changes could affect investor sentiment. This is one area that the article written by Douglas failed to mention. The best example of this is the war on terrorism. The United States declared war on Iraq earlier this year and sent hundreds of thousands of American troops overseas to liberate the people from their tyrant leader. The American people rallied behind their government and American sentiment was high. Prior to the war, the American economy was lagging and had been in a slump for almost three years. Although economic recovery is slow and the process has just begun, the war stimulated the economy."
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The Study of Macroeconomics, 2007.
A description and explanation of the principal parts involved in the study of macroeconomics.
1,448 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper defines and describes the term macroeconomics and illustrates the principal parts or variables included in the study of this subject. In his conclusion, the author argues that globalization as well as the complexity of businesses, combined with a dynamic and sharply changing environment, has made it far more difficult to predict future trends of the principle macroeconomic variables, let alone manage them.
Outline:
Introduction
Macroeconomic Variables and Objectives
Changes of Variables over Business Cycle
Tools of Macroeconomic Management
Policies of macroeconomic management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"National Output and economic growth: National output can be defined as "the money value of goods and services produced during the time period concerned". (Jewell, 2000, p. 135) Since national output is purchased by various agents in an economy, and therefore, earns some income we can conclude that national output = national expenditure = national income. What the national output essentially measures is an economy's rate of growth. The measure used is known as gross domestic product (GDP). This must not be confused with gross national product (GNP) as there is a significant distinction between the two. While GDP represents the value of goods produced within a country, part of GNP is earned abroad. (Dornbusch & Fischer, 1990) What every government aims for in terms of national output is smooth but high growth, and, ideally, sustainable growth!
"Rate of unemployment: Unemployment can be defined as "the percentage of people in the labour force who are not working but are actively looking for work." (Dolan, 1986, p. 7) The first of the two official measures of unemployment is called claimant unemployment and, as implied by the term, is a measure of the people in receipt of unemployment-related benefits. Standardized unemployment rate is the other official measure of unemployment used by the International Labour Office (ILO) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and is the number of people without work who are available and actively seeking for work. (Sloman, 1998) Governments, in general, strive for low unemployment."
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A Quantitative Definition of Macroeconomics, 2004.
Explains and defines the different macroeconomics models.
3,174 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a brief overview of the different macroeconomics models and follows up with a more in-depth look at each of the models. The classical model, the Keynesian model, the new classical model, and new Keynesian economics are all reviewed by this paper.
From the Paper
"The classical model of macroeconomics largely follows the conclusions reached in microeconomics. The fundamental equilibrium is in the supply and demand for labor. The demand for labor and labor supply, income taxes, and transfer payments are the major microeconomic references in the classic economic models. The classical model spans from the years 1776-1935. These dates are derived from publication dates for major works. The classical model builds on the principles developed in microeconomics to explain how equilibrium production and employment might be determined from profit maximizing and utility maximizing behavior."
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Macroeconomics and Contemporary Issues, 2002.
This paper examines the links between theoretical macroeconomics and day-to-day life.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
Two articles from the Canadian media (Nov 2001) are analyzed as evidence of the link between macroeconomics and everyday life. One relates mortgage rates to bond markets and one discusses the price of crude oil and its international distribution.
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China and Macroeconomics, 2005.
This paper studies China's macroeconomics policy and looks at the effects on world economy.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This twelve page undergraduate paper examines China's impact on the global economy. The writer points out that this is already a significant matter, for China has become the world's second-largest economy and generates more than ten-percent of the global Gross Domestic Product. The writer points out that while the American economy is currently more than twice the size of China's, the PRC economy is easily the fastest growing economy in the world.
From the Paper
"Ever since economic and political policy reforms began to be implemented by Deng Xio Ping in the late nineteen-seventies, the People's Republic of China has slowly moved towards greater participation in the global economy. The implications of a nation of more than one-billion people fully entering the world economy are significant, not only for the Chinese people but for the rest of the world as well. The Chinese market would be the largest in the world, and the PRC's production capacity and GNP will be very impressive if recent improvements continue to accelerate."
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Macroeconomics, 2005.
This paper explains several macroeconomics terms such as "national accounts" and "aggregate income and output".
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Expenditure is directly proportional to Output, which in turn is directly proportional to Income. The author points out that GDP is the market value of all the final goods and services, which are produced in the nation during a particular year, but does not include production overseas by U.S. companies, although it includes the production facilities in U.S. by overseas companies operating in the U.S. such as the Toyota Motors. The paper relates that Aggregate Output is the total quantity of output, which is produced and supplied in a particular duration; Aggregate Income is the total amount of income, which is received by all the factors of production within an economy during a given period.
Table of Content
Key Features of National Accounts
Income Method
Output method
Expenditure method
Aggregate Income and Aggregate Output
From the Paper
"At this point, it is pertinent to explore briefly into the total system of national accounts and specifically at the financial linkages between the various sectors of the economy. For the purpose of building the national accounts, the economy has been subdivided into four basic sectors. These are the (a) Personal Sector - which primarily constitutes the household sector (b) Corporate sector - comprising of Companies and Financial Institutions - F.I.s and the public corporations (c) General Government sector - comprising of Central and Local Government authorities (d) Foreign sector - that comprises of all individuals, firms and government bodies outside USA. In case of each of these sectors, there is the identical set of basic accounts that keep an account of all the receipts and outflow of that sector regardless of they being factor incomes, transfers, taxes, current or capital expenditures."
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Macroeconomics and Profitability, 2005.
Examines the factors within a macroeconomic environment that can affect a firm's profitability.
2,389 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
There are several features of the macroeconomic environment that can have tremendous effects on the profitability of any given firm within the economy in question. This paper shows that these effects can be either favorable to the firm's profit-making ability or can have unprecedented adverse effects on it business activities, which would manifest itself as decreased profits and profitability of the business as a whole. The effects of macroeconomics features, such as aggregate national income, total investment and exports for the entire economy, on business profitability cannot be overemphasized. The paper shows that there are a broad range of opportunities and difficulties facing the macro economy as a whole that will have influences on the nature of businesses and the way in which they operate. The paper includes several figures.
From the Paper
"Government budget deficits are another feature of the macro environment that will immensely influence the level of profitability attributable to a business. The annual budget, which a government intends to pursue, will affect not only business profits, but also the economic situation of private individuals, which will in turn affect the way in which goods and services are transacted. In reality, as soon as a government announces its budget for the year, businesses already start making adjustments in order to synchronize their objectives and profit-making strategy in line with the budget."
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Macroeconomics and Air Pollution, 2002.
A discussion on how environmental degradation such as air pollution can cause problems in macroeconomic performance.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper is on macroeconomics and air pollution. This is a serious problem in the world. Severe environmental degradation can cause problems in the macroeconomic performance in the long run. Many of the traditional air pollutants and greenhouse gases have common sources, the emission interact in the atmosphere, and separately or jointly they cause a variety of environmental effects at the local, regional and global scales.
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Macroeconomics, 2006.
A review of the Federal Reserve and inflation from a macroeconomic perspective.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This document discusses two macroeconomics questions relating to the Federal Reserve and inflation. The paper examines the Federal Reserve by its general structure and then through its monetary policy, and control and oversight thereof. The paper then examines inflation in relation to monetary policy as well as to the effect of unions upon inflation in that they are not the only cause of inflation but one of many potential causes.
From the Paper
"The Federal Reserve is the central banking authority of the United States. The Federal Reserve System was created with the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 with idea of centralizing the control of the monetary currency of the country (Cleaver, 2004, 102). In that sense the Federal Reserve is a centralized system of monetary control. However, because of its structure, the Federal Reserve acts as a decentralized regime. The Federal Reserve consists of a Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the 12 Federal Reserve Banks, the Federal Open Market Committee, the Federal Advisory Council, and the Consumer Advisory Council as well as several thousand member banks that form the nexus of the Federal Reserve System (Cleaver, 2004, p.102-03). "
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Macroeconomics and Transportation Sector, 2002.
A study of transportation issues from a broader perspective, and the need to apply macroeconomic principles.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper studies current economic problems in the transportation sector and explains how levels of supply and demand affect the demand curve. It describes how macroeconomic theories aid in resolving industrial or national issues. The paper also examines the role of government in macroeconomic policies.
From the Paper
"Macroeconomics deals with economy on a larger scale and studies the principles of economics as they pertain to the whole industry and not just one firm. This helps in understanding national economic problems of inflation, unemployment, slow GDP growth, lower productivity etc. Therefore it is important to apply macroeconomics principles when we want to study and understand the problems being encountered by any economic system."
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Macroeconomics, 2007.
This paper examines the macroeconomic aspects of the Great Depression.
1,568 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the Great Depression was probably one of the most significant economic events of the 20th century. The writer notes that, through the implications it provoked and its global reverberations for almost a decade, the Great Depression stands alone as the largest economic downturn of last century. This essay starts with an analysis of the macroeconomic causes that justified the Great Depression and then looks into the applied policies in the 1930s. Further, the writer discusses the relevancy and implications of those policies for modern policy makers.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, theoreticians argued that the debt-deflation correlation was not necessarily a cause for economic depression, but for acutely a case of wealth redistribution, with the financial wealth of the debtors being moved/redistributed to the creditors, without necessarily having a direct consequence on the general flow of the national economy."
"Nevertheless, Fisher's theory has come to be supported by some modern arguments in terms of risk - related debt costs. Indeed, such arguments point out towards the fact that the decline of the borrower's net value (in the sense of a decline in the value of his portfolio of assets) is bound to increase the risk that the creditor is being exposed to and, in this sense, it is also bound to increase the cost of lending for the borrower (higher risk needs to bring higher returns for the lender, which means a higher cost of capital for the borrower). Higher prices for borrowing would decrease the incentive to invest, because of more expensive sources of finance. Fewer investments would lead to a drop at macroeconomic levels."
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Macroeconomics: Historical Perspective, 2007.
An analysis of some of the major economic occurrences between 1960 and 2000 and an examination of the Phillips curve.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 14.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some of the major economic occurrences between 1960 and 2000. It briefly examines the oil shocks of the 1970s and the Savings and Loan crisis and the extremely high inflation and unemployment rates during the early 1980s. Finally, the paper analyzes the Phillips curve as a method of gaining further insight into economic data (as opposed to simply relying on broad spectrum data such as the gross domestic product (GDP)).
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Macroeconomics: Historical Perspective
Overview
Fiscal Policy
Inflation & Recession
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Phillips curve takes on greater importance because according to the Phillips curve, inflation in the long-term is determined strictly by a corresponding growth in the supply of money (Yang, 1992). In the Phillip's curve inflation (I) is factored against unemployment (U) to produce an inverse relationship where price (P) and output (O) are inter-related. Thus, a more accurate economic model can be constructed that accounts for more than simply GDP rates which, according to the data, if taken independently, show nothing but a strong performing economy since 1960."
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Macroeconomics, 2008.
An analysis of convergence, focusing on the Sub-Saharan Africa region and the East Asian financial crisis.
1,616 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses macroeconomic issues, such as the types of convergence that exists. It focuses its discussion on the Sub-Saharan Africa region and describes its structural difficulties in implementing economic reforms. Finally, the paper examines the issues surrounding the East Asian financial crisis (or IMF crisis) that occurred in 1997.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Convergence
Sub-Saharan Africa
East Asian Financial Crisis
From the Paper
"South Korea, by this example, had average gross domestic product (GDP) rates of over 8% and this, combined with huge inflows of investment capital had given South Korea the veneer of an unassailable economic success (Chun & Kirkby, 2002, p.82). Yet, underlying the financial crisis among the affected countries were vast current account deficits that were simply not sustainable as well as a system of pegged exchange rates that encourage speculative behavior both internally and externally. In spite of the attention being paid to foreign speculators as well as to heavy borrowing by the countries themselves in order to support the system of pegged currencies, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) received much of the blame as well as ire due to its handling of the crisis."
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