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Limitations Of the Price Limit Model, 2002.
This paper analyzes the various assumptions of the limit pricing model and assesses whether it is an acceptable model or not.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The following paper critically analyzes the Limit Pricing Model, which uses limit pricing which is when companies form collusion or a cartel and try to maintain price levels which may or may not not maximize their profits or stop the entry of new firms in the market. One of the major limitations of the model discussed in this paper is that the model assumes collusion. Another limitation examined is that the model assumes the products to be homogeneous. The writer concludes, after discussing eight limitations of the model, that it is completely inappropriate.
From the Paper
"In an oligopoly there are a few entrepreneurs who are in tight competition with each other and due to this the market price is sticky or we can say downward rigid. Oligopolists do not usually decrease price (?sticky downward prices?), and tend to change prices together. Rivals match each others price decrease which leads to a ?price- war? and obviously they do end up losing in it and form a cartel. Cartels are an example of a collusive industry. Collusion occurs when firms in an industry agree to fix prices, divide the market among themselves, or otherwise restrict competition in some way."
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Term Limits, 2005.
Examines the issue of senatorial term limits in the U.S. government.
1,073 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
Term limits have been and continue to be one of the most hotly debated political concepts in the United States. Republican senators tend to view senatorial term limits with a jaundiced eye; the drive for congressional term limits has mainly come from the House. This paper shows that senators have imposed term limits on committee chairmanships of three two-year terms for a full-committee chair, but it seems highly improbable that senators will ever voluntarily adopt limits on their actual tenure in office. The paper argues that senatorial term limits are not within the domain of the politically possible; the backers of such a notion are engaging in a rather quixotic waste of time.
From the Paper
"Clearly, Madison did not envision the situation we have today, a situation in which, due to the growing influence which the ability to raise money has on elections, the advantages of incumbency have become such as to give sitting Senators what almost amounts to a de facto lifetime tenure. It is not unheard of for a sitting Senator to lose an election, but it is highly unusual. As Welton notes, until the age of industrialization the notion of a person making a "career" of office holding was both suspect and something of an exception in this country (9)."
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Term Limits, 2004.
Position paper that argues against term limits.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, while term limits were instituted with the best intentions, these policies are misguided. The first part of this paper looks at the history of term limits and the purposes these limits were supposed to serve. The next part then argues that term limits have failed to contribute to a more independent political system and have, instead, given rise to more problems. Because of these reasons, this paper supports the efforts of various national and grassroots organizations to repeal the term limits proposal and to allow qualified people to serve longer terms.
From the Paper
"Following the national government's lead, more than one-third of the states in the union have instituted term limits, again amid strong public support. In Michigan, for example, politicians are limited to serving a maximum of six years in the House and eight years in the state Senate. In both chambers of the Florida legislature, politicians are limited to eight year terms. The states of Utah, Nevada, Wyoming and Louisiana have the most generous term limits, capping the maximum at 12 years for both state legislative bodies."
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Term Limits, 2000.
An examination of the limits in states and feasibility of limits in the U.S. Congress. Includes incumbency, pros and cons, views of voters, citizen legislators and special interests.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, £ 38.95
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From the Paper
"During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Americans became in-creasingly disenchanted with their political leadership. In the view of many, the political system at all levels-local, state, and federal-had become ossified and unresponsive to the needs of average citizens. Critics portrayed a group of "fat cat" politicians who cared more about their perks than the people they were supposedly representing, career politicians who had too much power and too much money to ever be defeated in an election. This warp-ing of the electoral process prompted many to call for limits on the number of terms a person could serve in a particular elected office. This paper will discuss the term limits movement and analyze whether the United States Congress should adopt such a system."
As of 1998, 18 states had adopted term limits. Most laws limit
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Mortgage Rates and Loan Limits, 2002.
This study investigates the effects of programs dealing with risk-based pricing and increased mortgage loan limits on mortgage approval rates for low- and moderate-income households.
15,515 words (approx. 62.1 pages), 48 sources, APA, £ 172.95
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Abstract
The in-depth research performed for the study finds that risk-based pricing policies had a positive impact on the extension of residential mortgages to low- and moderate-income applicants making less than $35,000 annually, in that rejection rates associated with risk-based factors declined. The research also finds that higher mortgage limit policies had a positive impact on the extension of residential mortgages to low- and moderate-income applicants making less than $35,000 annually, in that rejection rates associated with risk-based factors declined. Lastly, the research results indicate that higher mortgage limit policies had a greater positive impact than did risk-based pricing policies.
The findings that both risk-based pricing policies and higher mortgage limit policies have positive impacts on the extension of residential mortgages to low- and moderate-income applicants making less than $35,000 annually, also showed that mortgage approval rates for this group actually declined over the period of analysis. The implication of these findings considered together is that other problems exist that have led to the rejection of low- and moderate-income applicants making less than $35,000 annually, for residential mortgages.
The major conclusion drawn from the findings of this study is that adherence to risk-based pricing policies and increased mortgage loan limit policies by conventional lenders is more show than real, as the aggregate approval rate among conventional lenders actually declined from 1990 to 1999. Thus, it appears that conventional lenders have found new reasons to reject low- and moderate-income applicants making less than $35,000 annually, while publicly adhering to the new policies intended to broaden access to mortgage lending for these applicants.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 - Introduction
Problem Statement
Study Purpose
Research Questions & Hypotheses
Significance of the Study
Definitions of Terms
Delimitations of the Study
Overview of the Remainder of the Study
2 ? Review of the Literature
Systems Theory
Systems Theory and the Mortgage Lending Model
Mortgage Lending Markets
Past Discrimination in Mortgage Lending
Summary
3 ?Methodology
Research Design
Research Hypotheses
Variables and Operational Definitions
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Methodological Limitations
Summary
4 ?Results
Restatement of the Research Questions
Restatement of the Hypotheses
Research Results
5 ? Summary, Discussion and Conclusions
Discussion
Conclusions
Appendix: Data Tables
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The effort to improve accessibility to residential mortgage finance for low- and moderate-income individuals and families making less than $35,000 annually, tends to be impeded by a system that has become entrenched. This existing system is an interlocking structure of public and private sector players that has developed rules and processes with which they are comfortable and which they are reluctant to change. The existing system for the extension of residential mortgages also involves both the primary and the secondary mortgage markets, as well as credit review and reporting agencies. The system in place was never intended to provide access to residential mortgages to low- and moderate-income persons making less than $35,000 annually, except within the framework of specific governmental programs targeting such individuals. These specific programs involved direct public funding, government guaranteed repayment of loans extended by private sector lenders, or subsidies to developers and builders."
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"Living Within Limits", 2002.
Review of Garrett Hardin's work, "Living Within Limits", and the message it delivers about conservationism and environmental awareness.
1,262 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the focus on population control in Hardin's book, "Living Within Limits". Hardin's theme about the Earth's limitations on its ability to sustain life, and the technological advances that are placing more and more demands on this ability, is reviewed and critiqued. The paper discusses the data Hardin gathered to give credence to his theory and his conclusions and findings. Several different arguments of Hardin's critics are also presented.
From the Paper
"Garrett Hardin?s work ?Living Within Limits? was created to send a message of conservatism and awareness to people. Garrett Hardin?s central theme in his work is that human beings need to live within their limits. His point in writing the book is to emphasize that the world naturally adjusts to population growth by impeding it or helping it thrive, depending on the current state of it?s carrying capacity. According to Hardin, people need to be more conscious of the world?s carrying capacity, which is reaching critical limits. Modern technological advances have allowed populations of people who might ordinarily have passed away, to survive. This de-naturalization of the order of nature has caused a critical crisis. Hardin very selectively in his work points out what he would refer to as the ?superfluous population? of poor people, that are now living longer and expanding due to international relief efforts. He frowns upon such activity, claiming the environment can?t support such unchecked growth."
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"The Limits of Labour", 2002.
A summary of David Bright's "The Limits of Labour: Class Formation and the Labour Movement in Calgary, 1883-1929".
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
David Bright's "The Limits of Labour: Class Formation and the Labour Movement in Calgary, 1883-1929" reflects the new generation of Canadian labour studies. It analyzes the diversity of working class culture in Calgary and cleavages within the working class during the earliest phase of industrialization in Calgary. It dismisses the traditional notion that Calgary's labour movement was ethnically homogenous and conservative.
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"The Limits of Racial Domination", 2002.
Review of "The Limits of Racial Domination" by R. Douglas Cope.
1,089 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Cope's study on attempts at racism in colonial Mexico and the reasons why racism never truly flourished. The paper concludes by agreeing with Cope's study and the light it sheds on racism and class and self-identity.
From the Paper
"The failure of Spanish elites to impose their own definitions of race on the people of the traza shows the difficulty of imposing one?s cultural ideas and definitions on another society. In the case of colonial Mexico, for example, the Spanish clearly wanted to establish a social order based on race. To them, a person's social mobility hinges on how much Spanish blood they possess."
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Congressional Term Limits, 1999.
An opinion piece in favor of congressional term limits, pointing to several reasons why the current practice of unlimited terms is dangerous to American democracy.
1,144 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 27.95
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From the Paper
"In recent years, the status quo in Washington seems to be leaning towards career politicians and ever increasing length of service as a legislator. While many support the idea of career politicians as natural considering the degree of specialization and experience now necessary, other conservatively-minded reformers see the career politician as debasing the federal government and antithetical to the principles of democracy. While there are formidable arguments in favor of career politicians, it is clear that this idea of lifetime service to the government is antithetical to principles of American democracy and the intentions of our forefathers. This dangerous trend must be curtailed by the institution of Congressional term limits. "
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Congressional Term Limits, 1997.
Pros & cons on state-imposed limits, unconstitutionality and court decisions; including public's views, advantages and disadvantages.
4,725 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 10 sources, £ 93.95
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From the Paper
" Congressional Term Limits
Introduction
State-imposed limits on congressional tenure increase the qualifications for candidates for Congress in addition to those set forth in the Constitution. Consequently, as the Supreme Court recently held in U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, they are an unconstitutional violation of the Qualifications Clauses. Furthermore, "quasi-term limits," whereby the state attempts to inhibit a candidate's access to a state ballot also violate the Qualifications Clauses. These types of limits are merely an attempt to circumvent the Court's ruling in Thornton and will likely be rejected by the courts. Thus, people who support limits on congressional tenure must advocate the passage of a constitutional amendment to that effect."
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Term Limits, 1995.
This paper argues against limiting legislators' terms: Pros and cons, political and legal issues, public view and as campaign issue.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, £ 32.95
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From the Paper
"The term limits movement is a political movement which arose in the early 1990s with the avowed intent of limiting members of state legislatures and Congress to a fixed maximum time of service in a given body, after which they would no longer be eligible for reelection. By 1995, 23 states had enacted measures limiting terms for their members of Congress, and still more had limited terms of state legislators. However, on May 27, 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down all laws limiting terms for Congress, ruling that congressional terms could only be limited by a Constitutional amendment. Term limit laws applying to state legislatures were not affected by this ruling.
Popular support for term limits has been part of a broader discontent with the political process, a discontent which also ... "
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Term Limits, 1994.
A look at the constitutional issues of state and federal efforts to limit congressional terms of office with court decisions and pros and cons.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, £ 32.95
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From the Paper
"Term Limits
Introduction
The issue of term limits for members of the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives has become an issue of near overriding interest in the 1990s (Kristol, 1993, pp. 95-100). Many people who believe that term limitations for members of Congress are desirable pursue efforts to achieve that objective on the basis of arguments supporting the concept as opposed to addressing the constitutional issues involved in the actual limiting of congressional terms (Will, 1994, p. E2). This research addresses the constitutional issues involved in efforts to limit congressional terms of office through actions taken at the state.level of government.
What the Constitution Says and Does Not Say..."
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State Limits, 2007.
An examination of Article I, Section 10 of the US Constitution.
1,283 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a discussion concerning how Article I, Section 10, "Limitations on States," became a part of the Constitution and what it sought to accomplish. The paper examines how this constitutional provision has changed over the years. The paper explains that Article I, Section 10 determines that matters concerned with war, treaty-making, the coinage of money and comparable issues concerning currency are prohibited to the states. Article I, Section 10 also prohibits both the states and Congress from passing bills of attainder and ex post facto laws, or granting titles of nobility.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Today, most discussions of constitutional law concern the better known civil liberties embodied in the first ten amendments in the Bill of Rights, but Article I, Section 10 of the U.S. Constitution contains some vitally important implications for civil liberties as well. In fact, absent this and other constitutional provisions, the United States might well have a king (or queen) today, but would not be able to defend itself based on a paucity of federal power to do so."
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"Ethics & The Limits of Philosophy" by Bernard Williams, 1996.
Analyzes author's ideas on radical difference between moral certainty & scientific knowledge.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 1 source, £ 49.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine Bernard Williams's statement that "there would be a radical difference between ethics and science even if ethics were objective in the only way in which it intelligibly could be" (155). The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which Williams makes this statement, and then to discuss the distinctions he makes between the subjectivity of moral philosophy enterprise and the objective methodology of the hard sciences.
The closest Williams comes to acknowledging the scientific potential of human reason is his assertion of thick concepts, which he says "express a union of fact and value" (129). The density of such concepts appears to derive from the extremity of emotion and action that is implicit in them. Thus brutality and courage are on the list but not such less vigorous description of value..."
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