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Mao's Cultural Revolution, 2007.
An analysis of the events leading up to and the consequences of Mao Zedung's Cultural Revolution.
1,584 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the events, context and consequences of Mao Zedung's Cultural Revolution. The first part of this paper examines the events that paved the way for the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. The next part then examines how the Cultural Revolution started and its degeneration into violence and destruction. It also studies how the excesses of the Cultural Revolution began and Mao's culpability for these abuses. In the conclusion, the paper examines the long-term consequences of the Cultural Revolution on Chinese society.
Table of Contents:
Gearing for Revolution
Chaos and Violence
Enduring Effects of the Cultural Revolution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Throughout these excesses, Mao's hand remained evident. In 1966, he reveled in his god-like status as he received millions of Red Guards at Tiananmen Square in Beijing. During this speech, Mao exhorted his followers to "smash the four olds," referring to old ideas, old culture, old habits and old customs (Jiang and Ashley 2000). When the Red Guard began to destroy ancient artifacts and books, Mao did nothing to stop them. On the contrary, he used his influence to ensure that political rivals were exiled or otherwise removed from power."
"Furthermore, by forcing intellectuals to labor camps, Mao was quelling resistance from the more critical segments of the population. This helped ensure that he had a pliable foundation for his revolutionary goals. In essence, Mao was establishing a new intelligentsia, one composed of peasants and workers who were fiercely loyal to him and his ideals."
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Life During the Cultural Revolution, 2003.
A discussion on the tragedy of the cultural revolution in China in Chen and Yimou's films.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two films that address, in different ways, the myriad small and large tragedies that were spawned by the cultural revolution in China. The 1998 "Xui Xui", directed by Joan Chen is both a love story and a story of all that was lost for all people in China during the Cultural Revolution. While, Zhang Yimou's film "To Live" tells of the subtler, less intentioned ways in which each family in China was changed by the cultural revolution.
From the Paper
"Tragedy written on a small scale is still tragedy for those whose lives are touched by it. But even as we understand this we are still more compelled to try to understand those tragedies that occur on a large scale. Two films that address in ..."
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The Cultural Revolution of the 1960s, 2005.
The paper examines the cultural revolution of the 1960s and its effects in American society.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, £ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how cultural revolution of the 1960s was a time when young people were angry at the world. The paper explains that they were angry due to losing a president, angry about Vietnam and determined to be different than the past generation of Americans. The paper describes how the cultural revolution of the 1960s brought about technology changes in communication and the media, saw young people take drugs and become hippies and they loved rock and roll. The paper discusses how many became activists for civil rights, women's rights, Vietnam, the war on poverty and domestic issues.
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Chinese Cultural Revolution, 2004.
Examines the ideological fanaticism of the Chinese Cultural Revolution
3,984 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 24 sources, MLA, £ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the causes of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, including the Great Leap Forward and Mao's subsequent loss of absolute power. Through the fanaticism of his youthful followers, known as the Red Guards, Mao was launched back into power and unleashed a reign of terror across China. In this research paper, there is special emphasis on the destruction caused by the Red Guards, including, but not limited to, book burning, vandalism, torture, and even murder. This paper essentially discusses the nature of fanatical Maoist ideology. It supports its thesis through the use of primary sources, such as biographies of those who survived the cultural revolution and documents from the period including movies, music, posters, and government documents. A full biography and footnotes in Chicago Manual/Turabian style are included.
From the Paper
"During the 20th century, China experienced unprecedented turmoil and instability. In 1911, the Imperial Ch?ing dynasty was overthrown only to be replaced by two decades of constant civil war and anarchy. Although Chiang Kaishek managed to unify the country in 1928, his rule saw further trouble including the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and a communist insurrection led by Mao Zedong. Following Japan?s defeat in the Second World War, Chiang Kaishek, despite some initial successes was defeated at the hands of the communists and was forced to flee to Taiwan. Mao Zedong announced the birth of the People?s Republic of China in 1949. Throughout his reign, China suffered from several disasters including the Great Leap Forward, the Hundred Flowers Campaign, but especially the Cultural Revolution. Lasting from roughly 1966-1976, the Cultural Revolution has been considered the most violent and chaotic period in China?s modern history. During this era, China experienced the triumph of ideological fanaticism over pragmatism, the mass execution of millions of people, and the near destruction of ancient Chinese culture."
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Cultural Revolution, 2002.
Examines the long-term consequences and impacts of the Cultural Revolution.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a brief outline of the course of the Cultural Revolution. It then analyzes its impact on the period from 1971-1976. The most important focus is on the return to authority of the pre-Cultural Revolution party and cadres.
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The Cultural Revolution, 2005.
An analysis of the causes of the Chinese Cultural Revolution.
1,221 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explores what Mao's initial intention was when he first launched the Cultural Revolution and why he failed to achieve his initial goals. Contesting the commonly accepted assumption that sees a purge of oppositional forces as Mao's primary intention, it argues that Mao's fundamental motive for the revolution was his strong desire to remodel China according to his communist ideals.
From the Paper
"Wang argues that Mao's strong desire to consolidate his Marxist ideals, which can be seen as the major cause of the Cultural Revolution, was driven by the fundamental contradiction within the Chinese society that time. When the Communists came to power in 1949, the new regime shared with its Republican and late-Qing predecessors the determination to strengthen the nation. China was facing two broad goals to achieve at once. One was to acquire economic and technical power so that it could develop into an advanced, powerful, industrial society. The other was to create a society based on values that conformed to Marxist concepts of social justice. China's long history of chronic poverty and inquality strongly drove its national leaders to promote both full-speed modernization and egalitarian social transformation. "
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The Great Cultural Revolution of China, 2005.
This article examines the revolution in Chinese culture through a look at Liang Heng's book, "Son of the Revolution".
1,233 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that the faith of the Chinese in the teachings of Chairman Mao was so strong that it permeated every aspect of urban life, both private and public. Schools rang with the teachings of communist ideals and adults both feared and praised the rules imposed on them by their government. This paper examines the effects of the communist ideal on the people of China. The writer of this article states that the movement of China toward communism was a turbulent one, resulting in social disorder. By providing the reader with an often painful inside-view of the turmoil of the classes during the Great Cultural Revolution of China in his book, "Son of the Revolution", Liang Heng reveals the strength of the Chinese people at a time when China's social structure was at its weakest. This article discusses the permeation and effects of Communist ideals in Chinese society.
From the Paper
"Additionally, although the peasants did hold some amount of reverence for Mao's ideas, they did not truly understand the purpose of the Revolution; they saw only themselves having to struggle harder to support a movement that made no sense. As a movement to "Attack the Evil Winds of Capitalism" struck the countryside, for example, rural peasants were left wondering about Mao's intent for them. Liang Heng recounts a tale of a peasant who was told to destroy his ducks - a valuable commodity to a peasant and a symbol of capitalism to the Party."
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The Chinese Cultural Revolution, 2002.
Discusses this late 1960s period, examining Jonathan D. Spence's "The Search for Modern China" and other sources of literature.
2,256 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
The late 1960s in China was known as the period of the Cultural Revolution and this was an attempt on the part of certain central Communist Party members to weed out dissent and to exert a tighter control. The paper discusses Jonathan Spence's "The Search for Modern China" which shows that the Cultural Revolution was a direct attack on all the old elements in Chinese society. The paper shows that what began as a push for the socialist purification of art would become pressure for the socialist purification of all aspects of society and life. The paper also examines "Chinese Awakenings" by James and Ann Tyson which documents the aftermath of the Cultural Revolution.
From the Paper
"The structure of this book takes the reader from the peasant class upward through other levels of society to show how different individuals in different social classes are reacting to the new opportunities and the new economic forces. The idea of the entrepreneur is foreign to Communist China but is becoming more accepted. The question asked is, if it is desirable that some people become rich before others, then who should the people be, and what should be the extent of the income differences? The view taken now is that those who contribute most to the creation of society's wealth, and thereby set a good example for others, deserve to become rich first, and this group includes the entrepreneurs. This group came into existence in 1978 when the government decided to permit private individuals to engage in petty trades and services--areas in which the state sector had performed poorly--to help solve a growing unemployment problem. Because they provide much-needed services and are flexible in terms of business hours and locations, the business operators have prospered in general and have tended to earn more than state employees, and this in turn has caused some resentment."
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The Cultural Revolution in China, 2005.
A study of the last ten years of Mao's rule over Communist China, focusing on the domestic struggles and violent destruction of this era.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
A review of Communist China under the leadership of Mao, focusing specifically on the years 1966 to 1976. According to this paper, these ten years where possibly the most violent and unstable eras in the history of China. These ten years saw intense internal political struggle and horrific destruction.
From the Paper
"The last ten years of Mao's leadership of Communist China, from 1966 to 1976, was arguably one of the most violent and tumultuous periods in Chinese history. It was a decade in which the people of China were literally encouraged by its leader to rise up against the ruling class and take back control over domestic and foreign policy. It was a period of intense domestic political struggle as well as "appalling destruction" (Fairbank 383). In an effort to cleanse the nation of foreign influence and the trappings of the past - all of which were felt to undermine the egalitarian principles of Mao' communist vision - China quite literally tore itself apart. During the Cultural Revolution, as that period came to be known, Mao gave his support to the leftist radicals within the communist government (Wakeman par. 194). "
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Cultural Revolution, 2000.
An examination of the social, political, ideological and economic factors and goals and consequences of 1960s conflict, through early 1990s.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
Television comedy reflects the social setting in which the show is produced, for writers, producers, and directors know that images reflecting the lives of the viewers have the power to evoke laughter more than images that are completely alien to the life experiences of the viewers.
From the Paper
"Television comedy reflects the social setting in which the show is produced, for writers, producers, and directors know that images reflecting the lives of the viewers have the power to evoke laughter more than images that are completely alien to the life experiences of the viewers.Jonathan D. Spence discusses the issue beginning with the leadership and the organizations headed by this leadership and examines the broad intentions of these leaders in launching the Cultural Revolution, noting that the leadership had goals in terms of altering first the political purposes of literature and the performing arts. What began as a push for the socialist purification of art would become pressure for the socialist purification of all aspects of society and life as well as a drawing of lines between competing groups and an effort to weed out all dissent and all enemies, real or perceived. "
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The Jazz Revolution within American Culture, 2006.
A musical study that analyzes the various aspects of the "jazz revolution" that had changed the cultural fabric of the United States during the 1920s
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the musical innovation of jazz and how it helped to define the African-American community in America during the 1920s. The paper looks at how, for the most part, European and African music were united to create a new genre of music that was highly influential on all aspects of American culture. The paper also looks at how racism played a large part in how black jazz musicians were not able to thrive in the South and so were invariably driven to migrate toward northern urban environments that would allow them to play their music.
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French Revolution: A True Revolution?, 2002.
A study on whether the French Revolution was a true revolution or not, through a discussion of revolutions in general and the French Revolution in particular.
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues which can lead to a revolution, and illustrates how these issues were prevalent in France prior to the outbreak of the revolution. The paper outlines the social, economic and political problems in France in the years preceding the revolution. The writer also explains that through all the horror and bloodshed, there were also positive and far-reaching effects of the revolution for France as well as for Europe. The French Revolution brought about great long term changes in the society and government.
From the Paper
"The French Revolution is known as one of the bloodiest revolutions in all of history, it claimed the lives of thousands of Frenchmen. The question that remains to be answered is, what was the cause for all this carnage?? It was during the years of 1789-1795 that turmoil arose and an outcry came from France, and in place of one of the oldest civilizations stood a new one filled with uncertainty, and the need to reform and build what remained of France. To reflect upon the reasons as to why such a revolution occurred, one must focus upon the main aspects troubling the country and it?s people at this time."
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The American Revolution: Revolution of the People, 2001.
This paper examines the sociological roots of the American Revolution and argues that John Adams was completely right when he said "The revolution was effected in the minds and hearts of the people?"
2,192 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This essay traces the sociological attitudes of the American colonists throughout the pre-revolutionary period, as well as the American Revolution itself. Included are the reactions to British injustices such as the stamp act, sugar act, and quartering act, as well as more general trends in the thinking of the colonists. The paper also examines the way the colonists used John Locke's ideas to justify their actions. In addition, it traces how some colonial newspapers looked at the crisis, and the influence they had. This paper is a comprehensive examination of the emotions and attitudes of the colonists that led to and spurred on the American revolution.
From the Paper
"The protection of private property was considered imperative by Locke, and he reasoned that tyranny originated from government invading the natural rights of man. Despite the fact that these views were originally established in a time period well before the revolutionary period was at hand, the colonists applied them very effectively to their own situation. A number of Locke?s other beliefs and ideologies were bought into by the colonists. His doctrine of the supreme power of legislature, by which he meant to suggest that the British Parliament would have power over the crown, was used by the colonists to justify the idea of implementing Colonial legislatures that would have powers over the crown."
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Cultural Management - Culture Cannot Be Managed, 2008.
The paper discusses the question of if and how culture can be managed in a business environment.
1,928 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the validity of the belief that in a business setting culture cannot be managed is critically analyzed and arguments are made both for and against the statement. The paper also presents examples that suggest that organizational culture does play a very important role in the success of the organization. However, these same examples also serve to reinforce a contention about the inability of corporate culture or management to undergo change.
From the Paper
"It must be acknowledged that the assertion - "Culture cannot be managed" - would likely meet with some degree of skepticism from organizational management students as well as corporate professionals. However, it may be argued that there is some validity to the perspective on the relationship between management and organizational culture that is manifest in this assertion. Consider, for example, the case of software giant J.D. Edwards. The corporation's CEO and chairman, C. Edward McVaney, contends that the success of a business often has very little to do with its management and senior executives who - as is commonplace in corporate culture - often come and go with minimal impact upon the organization itself. It is McVaney's view that the success of an organization is based upon its culture, which is usually invulnerable to change by management or business leaders. In McVaney's words: "95% of the time, the leaders and management of a business do not lead and manage that business" (Jesitus 16)."
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