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Lesser Developed Countries and Progress, 2002.
How developing countries are unable to progress because of the core/periphery relationship.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the inability of Lesser Developed Economies (LDCs) to make any significant progress, either political or economic. This paper looks at the history of LDCs and how they have performed in the past. Solutions to problem are also addressed.
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The Development of Underdeveloped Countries, 2002.
This paper disagrees with the assumtion that the progression of less developed countries will mirror those of already developed countries.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This is a paper that invalidates the hypothesis that progression of Less Developed Countries will mirror that of already developed countries.
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The Human Development Index (HDI), 2005.
This paper discusses the Human Development Index (HDI), which was first calculated in 1990 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as an indicator of human development in both industrial and lesser developed nations.
2,645 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Human Development Index (HDI) presumes that in a hypothetical ideal situation everyone would have the opportunity to make choices about the essential issues in their lives. The author points out that HDI is a helpful calculation method because it uses specific indicators of a nation's various developmental factors to create a more generalized index, thus simplifying a very complex reality. The paper relates finding of the application of the HDI such as investment in human capabilities is a never-ending process and it is not obvious that the payoff, in monetary terms at least, is greater when levels of development are low. Chart.
From the Paper
"This ideal state is assigned a value of one and the various countries' levels are calculated accordingly on a zero to one scale. This emphasis on empowerment is important to this thesis since it addresses the question of independence versus dependence. For example, in an ideal case everyone in the world would have the opportunity to use the Internet, because they would have the adequate educational background, pleasant environment without major factors threatening their lives and living conditions, and the economic resources to take advantage of network services. HDI indicates the distance countries have to travel to reach such equal and independent possibilities in reality."
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Developing Countries, 2002.
An analysis of the progress of the development of developing countries.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the widely divergent views of the success of the efforts of developing countries to improve the income and quality of life of their population, and concludes with the author's opinion of which course is most effective.
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Growth and Modernization in Developing Countries, 2006.
This paper examines the methods and strategies used in developing and modernizing poor and underprivileged countries post-WWII and up to the 1960s.
2,404 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper discusses the basic tools needed for the economic development of poor and underprivileged countries which include: Capital accumulation, industrialization, foreign aid and development planning. This paper focuses on the years after WWII and up to the 1960s and the economic problems facing poor and under-developed countries. After WWII these countries could not rely on international trade. The less developed countries needed substantial capital and resources to start the industrialization process which would result in more jobs and an increase in productivity which in turn would increase the income of the working class citizen. The writer of this paper discusses the methods and strategies that were utilized to increase productivity in various Latin-American countries. This paper also touches on the World Bank's involvement in assisting these same countries while committing to end poverty and social injustice.
Outline:
Theories of Growth and Modernization
Structuralist Theories
Critique of the Growth and Modernization Models
A Shift to Basic Needs Approach
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The Latin American experience with import substitution together with the fact that a large segment of the population did not get sizable benefits from the growth in the modern industrial sector and the limitation imposed by the domestic market led structuralists to adjust their approach beginning in the 1980's. Among the adjustments were: emphasis on developing the entrepreneurial class to lead in the export thrust without abandoning their basic proposition that development must come from within; redefine the role of the state by deemphasizing control-centered interventions in favor of a more facilitating kind."
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Violence Against Women in Islamic Countries, 2002.
Why governments fail to protect women in certain countries and solutions to correct the situation.
3,345 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of Islamic law and fundamentalist ideology in the growing instances of violence towards women in various Islamic countries. While the paper focuses largely on Pakistan, where religious laws have allowed a disturbing number of atrocious murders against women to go unpunished over the years, the paper also discusses the progress that has been made in some Islamic countries regarding women and the law. The roots of honor killings are examined, as well as the reasons why the violence is always erroneously blamed on Islamic principles. Finally, solutions are proposed regarding what can be done by the international community as well as individual countries in order to protect women.
From the Paper
"In light of the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City, much media attention has been garnered on Islam and particularly on extremist Islamic factions that support violence. Yet, despite all the focus on international terrorism and violence in the name of religion, there is one brand of terrorism seldomly brought to light; the blatant violence against women that is so prevalent in many Islamic countries. Miriam-Webster dictionary describes terrorism as ?the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion.? If we are to accept this definition, then we must also accept the fact that women in many Islamic countries are continuously the target of terrorists, and the government, society and often their own families are the very perpetrators of this terrorism. While the means by which women in these countries are terrorized vary greatly in degree (from systematic exclusion of participation in societal roles outside the home to domestic abuse and ?honor killings?) all similarly cause women to live in constant fear for their safety and lives. As global awareness of these conditions grows, so does the responsibility of helping to protect the women affected by it. By closely examining the conditions and mindsets that allow such horrors to go unpunished, particularly the role of Islam in law, solutions may be yielded and policies instituted to protect the human rights of women, finally putting an end to this neglected facet of terrorism."
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Globalization and Developing Countries, 2005.
A thorough look at the effects of financial globalization on developing countries.
6,258 words (approx. 25.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 101.95
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Abstract
This report uncovers some of the trends in financial integration through globalization do in fact help developing nations grow faster and how financial integration affects macroeconomic volatility. The paper also suggests some benefits of financial globalization and how these scenarios could, if used properly, be fully harnessed. Through an examination of variables such as fixed and floating exchange rates, macroeconomic volatility and the roles played by governments, this report hones in on effects of financial globalization on developing countries. Includes several graphs and tables.
Introduction
Brief History of Globalization and Financial Globalization
Summary and Main Theme of the Paper
Organization of the Paper
Necessary Elements for Successful Financial Globalization
Benefits from Successful Financial Globalization
Conditions of Developing Countries for Accepting Financial Integration
Risks of Financial Globalization for Developing Countries
Does Financial Integration Help Developing Countries Grow Faster?
How Does it Affect Macroeconomic Volatility in These Countries?
How Can the Benefits of Financial Globalization be Fully Harnessed?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another way to harness globalization is to have sound government operations that promote strong and positive investment inflows from the international mutual funds. This government must be fully cognizant that they may have to relinquish some internal power so as to enhance the communication with the established global powers to be. Developing countries also can not overlook the risk factors that come along with the financial globalization. "Capital controls are advocated both as a way of preventing and managing this latter type of crisis, and as a regulatory remedy to mitigate excess borrowing in the first place, when financial regulation is too weak to address the moral hazard incentives of explicit and implicit government guarantees. (Little & Olivei, 1999)
Their independent macroeconomic policies and domestic governance does affect the entire process and an overvalued exchange rate or overextended domestic lending boom could create a global crisis. Developing nations must grasp that transparency entails dealing with international investors who may destabilize a developing country's financial markets if they are allowed to run free. Thus, to best harness and derive the benefits from financial globalization, developing nations must establish a foundation that is based on the volatility of international capital flows, macroeconomic policies and a sound governmental base."
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Rapid Population Growth in Underdeveloped Countries, 1996.
Studies effects of rapid population growth in urban areas in underdeveloped countries. Focus is on Indonesia & other southeast Asian countries.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, £ 32.95
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From the Paper
"Statistical evidence gathered by the World Bank indicates that Indonesia, along with other low and middle income South East Asian countries, is experiencing a steadily expanding population. The World Development Report calculates that Indonesia's population as of 1995 was just over 178 million (World Development Report, 1992, 218).
The average rate of population growth for Indonesia between 1980 and 1990 was 1.8 percent. Between 1990 and the year 2000, this percentage is projected to be 1.6 (World Development Report, 1992, 268). By comparison, Cambodia's percent of population growth in the same time periods are 2.6 and 1.9 percent. Cambodia's present population is calculated at 8.5 million...."
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East Asian Newly Industrialized Countries, 2002.
Outlines the economic growth of East Asian newly industrialized countries and discusses the effects of globalization on these countries.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by briefly outlining the astronomical pace of economic growth in the East Asian NICs. It then explores the course of development's relationship to development theory. It asserts that the neo-liberal link between economic development and democracy and greater equality is dismissed by the experience of the NICs. However, the dependency/world system approach, currently expressed in globalization, is affirmed by the recent history of the East Asian NICs and the present situation.
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Multinational Enterprises and Developing Countries, 2003.
Examines whether developing countries should fear multinational enterprises (MNEs).
2,703 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This essay shows why developing countries should not fear MNEs. This essay discusses economic factors pertaining to this issue. Following a detailed analysis of the impact of MNEs, the writer demonstrates the case of South Korea, which is one of the 'Four Tigers'. The South Korea case forms an excellent example of the point made here above, namely, that MNEs and their investments need not to be feared but rather be encouraged by developing countries.
1. Introduction
2. Analytical Framework
2.1. The Nature of MNEs and Proposed Investment
2.2. Host Countries' Attributes
3. The Impact of MNEs on Developing Countries
3.1. Resource Transfer Effects
3.1.1. Capital
3.1.2. Technology
3.1.3. Management
3.1.4. Criticisms
3.2. Competition
3.3. Balance of Payments Account
3.4. Employment
4. The Case: South Korea
5. Conclusion
6. Reference List
From the Paper
"Today's global economy characterized by free trade, free flow of capital and to certain extent free flow of management and technical personnel, is embodied by multinational enterprises (MNEs). Since the end of World War II, MNEs have made substantial investment for operating business in many developing countries. History has shown that MNEs, which undertook foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing countries, strongly contributed to the economic growth of these host countries, hence to the improvement of their living standards. The advantages of FDI generated by MNEs outweighed by far the disadvantages of FDI and the presence of MNEs in these countries, respectively. This is exhibited especially in the case of the four Tiger States in Asia, but also in Latin America and partly in Africa. In the end, the free market system has always proved itself as the major catalyst for economic growth."
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Voter Turnout in Different Countries, 2004.
A look at the main factor that affects voter participation in different countries.
2,161 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the effects of diminishing marginal returns on voter turnout by comparing voter turnout in various countries. The paper looks at countries with both high and low voter turnout and attempts to explain the differences in the importance of the vote.
Outline
Voter Turnout in Established and Less-Established Democracies
A Comparison of the United States and Other Countries
Voter Turnout in Single-member Districts vs. Proportional Representation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While the leaders in turnout during the past few decades have been mainly new democracies, when one looks at broader figures there does appear to be a difference in turnout between "established democracies" and ?less-established democracies. Political scientist Arend Lijphart, categorized established democracies as all countries that are democratic now, and have been democratic for the last 20 years, and which have a population of at least a quarter of a million people (International IDEA, 2000)."
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Forgiving the Debt of Third World Countries, 2002.
A discussion of the worldwide program underway which will offer partial debt relief to some of the poorest countries in the world.
1,051 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the new initiative named The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, which was proposed by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in 1996 after it became obvious that not only were the world?s poorest countries unable to pay back loans made in the 1970s, but that the debt was creating a situation of increasing and continuing poverty. The paper discusses how the loaning systems of the 1970s were partially to blame for now ever-increasing debt and how this initiative will help re-establish economic autonomy is some of these third-world countries.
From the Paper
"The roots of the debt problem can be traced back to the lending policies of the 1970s, when high oil prices hit the developing countries hard; in order to keep their governments and economies going, they turned to richer countries, foreign banks and international organizations for loans. International lenders, flush with cash from ?petrodollars? from oil-producing states, assumed that sovereign debt was a good risk because there was a prevalent belief that governments do not default on their loans."
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The Role of Central Banks in Third World Countries, 2006.
A brief overview of the role that central banks play in the economies of third world countries.
885 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the primary objective of central banks in third world countries, how they benefit developing economies and how they may also present problems for developing countries. The paper also explains why central banks, even though they may be facing the gradual erosion of their status and power, will likely be needed by developing countries, albeit in a somewhat different form, for some time yet to come.
From the Paper
"Central banks in their current incarnation are quasi-governmental institutions that are operated with taxpayer dollars but have considerable independence in the performance of their duties. Their goal is to achieve financial stability, in general, and to control inflation, in particular. Their primary method is to regulate the flow of currency; their most potent tool is their authority to raise or lower interest rates. If a particular national economy is stagnant with little or no inflation, a central bank can stimulate growth by cutting interest rates and, presumably, increasing the flow of currency into the system. If an economy is growing too fast and inflation is rising, a central bank can slow things down by raising interest rates."
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Middle Eastern Countries Curb Subversive Activities, 2007.
This paper looks at Middle Eastern countries that manage to curb subversive activities.
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that certain Middle East countries, specifically, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and to a large degree Egypt and Saudi Arabia, as governments, as nations, seem to have few problems curbing fundamental subversion and the terrorist forces which have been otherwise successful in interrupting the economies and political processes of other governments in that area of the world. This silence causes the researcher to wonder, and to take a closer look at those countries where subversive activities are held in check, and where the people of those nations seem to inhabit the same rural and metropolitan spaces without leaving bombs in fruit stands or along the roadside aimed at killing whoever might come along. The writer discusses the difference between those countries where those kinds of destruction are not the order of the day, versus those nations where roadside bombs, destruction and the maiming of civilians are indeed very much the order of the day.
Outline:
Introduction
Focus, Comparison and Contrast
UAE
Answers From Within
Jordan
Islamic Justice
From the Paper
"Still, unlike the UAE, Jordan has remained a self-sustaining economy, relying largely upon imports for its greater population needs, and subsistence for the small, largely impoverished family-farmers. Perhaps it is this simplicity in the economics of self-sustaining one's family on the land that has contributed to achieving a measure of stability in Jordan's political dynamics. It is difficult, one would suspect, to become overly interested in world politics, or even religious fanaticism, when one's focus must be that of sustaining small families in an agricultural environment where the land and product by which one sustains one's self and family is intricately intertwined with the forces of nature."
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