| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "LEGITIMACY VIOLENCE": |
|
|
Violence in South-East Asia, 2002.
A discussion of the relationship between South-East Asia politics and violence.
1,225 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines how democratic governments in South-East Asia use violence as a tool for legitimacy. It explores the unique characteristics of some of the South-East Asian democracies with a comparative focus on the cases of Thailand and East Timor. The first part of the paper looks at how the Thai and Indonesian governments use violence and their links with the military to validate and strengthen their political legitimacy. The second part explores how these governments further use violence to quell dissent and maintain their legitimacy on an international stage, to important financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, as well as to other countries. In the conclusion, the paper looks at the characteristics of Thai and Indonesian political institutions, which make violence an important component of maintaining political legitimacy. It posits that the rapid economic growth sweeping the region presents opportunities for more equitable distribution of resources and a greater recognition of individual civil rights.
From the Paper
"This formulation presupposes that the absence of protest is the same as rational compliance. In South-East Asia, however, the seeming rational compliance often masks an undercurrent of coercion that makes dissent impossible and dangerous. This coercion is illustrated clearly East Timor?s bloody struggle for independence. During two decades of Indonesian rule, the Indonesian government used military force to commit atrocities on par with the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia. The Indonesian military government took over East Timor?s coffee exports and other businesses. Corruption was rampant as Indonesian economic migrants swarmed into the area for the jobs. In contrast to the Indonesians who profited from the area?s business, many East Timorese experienced extreme hardship (Kingsbury 397)."
| |
|
Violence in "Odyssey" and "Trojan Women", 2005.
Comprehensive analysis of how Homer's "Odyssey" and Euripides' "Trojan Women" intricate conceptions of violence and their overall meanings for Greek society.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This essay describes how Homer and Euripides view the meaning and legitimacy of violence in their plays "Odyssey" and "Trojan Women". It presents a detailed, text-based analysis and evaluation of the two works' arguments and perspectives on the societal implications of violence.
From the Paper
"The Odyssey portrays the fall of Troy and the subsequent events from the point of view of the victorious Odysseus, while Euripides' play The Trojan Women depicts the experiences of the defeated Trojans: how the Greeks enslave them, burn their city, and kill the newborn son of the fallen hero Hector. In spite of the two poems' disparate narrative perspectives, they share the same view about the legitimacy of violence: that it depends upon the underlying intentions causing the violence. While violence performed in order to fulfill egoistic aims is impermissible, in some cases, constructive ends may justify destructive means. This emphasis on the intentions involved in applying violence, rather than its actual results, helps in understanding why the two poems judge the same event, the conquest of Troy and, more specifically, the role of Odysseus during and after the war, entirely differently. Thus, it serves to explain why Odysseus is an exalted hero in one poem, but a cruel coward in the other."
| |
|
Legitimacy of the U.S. Government, 2002.
Examining the legitimacy of the U.S. government according to the theories of John Locke.
1,577 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Explores the question of the legitimacy of the United States government using Locke's political philosophy of Contractarianism and his Principle of Legitimacy. This explanation includes a definition and a discussion of the purpose of government, Locke?s Principle of Legitimacy, the idea of consent and why consent leads to a legitimate government.
From the Paper
"In order to discuss why a government is a legitimate one, the definition of government must first be established. A dictionary definition of the word government reads as: ?The organization or apparatus through which a governing individual or body functions and exercises authority?. The United States government fits this definition simply by having authority and exercising it over a group of people through being an official organization. The government of the United States was set up and laid out by the Constitution for the intention of ruling and benefiting it?s citizens. In the specific example of the United States a governing individual does not rule, but a governing body with an official head rules. The three branches of the government, executive, legislative, and judicial, serve as an organization through which authority is exercised. Government, according to Locke, also has a specific purpose. The purpose of Locke?s legitimate government is ?to protect property, which means it must supply the three things that are absent in the state of nature: settled law, judges, and enforcement power. "
| |
|
The Legitimacy of the ICC, 2005.
An analysis of the legitimacy of the International Criminal Court.
4,030 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 75.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the International Criminal Court (ICC) and explores the nature of the legal objection to this court and whether or not, as claimed by the United States, the ICC acts in such a way as to undermine both the U.N. system and international law. While the paper argues that the ICC is the legitimate crystallization of international law and cannot be denounced as either illegitimate, "lawless," or an effort to undermine the United Nations Security Council, it concedes that critics of the ICC are correct in claiming that the international community, represented by the United Nations, would have done better to resolve the institutional weaknesses in the International Court of Justice. In other words, not only should the ICJ have been fixed before energies were directed towards the creation of another court, but the failure of the ICJ, together with the United States' refusal to accept the ICC, does not encourage one to hold out hope that this body will become an effective representative of international law and justice within the parameter of its legal jurisdiction or the crimes/offences that it is supposed to deal with.
From the Paper
"In February 1998, the United States declared that it will not sign the Rome Statute, which would establish the permanent status of the International Criminal Court, signaling its complete refusal to accept the jurisdiction or even the legal basis of the ICC. Now, while many have criticized the United States' decision, insisting that it is the natural outcome of this superpower's persistent refusal to accept the authority of the United Nations, its organs or any international institution, few have actually sought to understand the basis of the United States' rejection of the ICC. Certainly, part of that rejection was determined by the United States' anxiety over the possibility of its citizens being transferred to the ICC for alleged war crimes, among other charges, or that it itself would be taken before the court in instances of international dispute. Quite simply stated, the dimension of national interest and the possibility however remote, that the ICC would limit the United States' capacity to act as it chooses within the international arena cannot be ignored when trying to assess the reasons behind the United States' rejection of the ICC and its denouncement of it as illegitimate. This particular explanation is bolstered upon consideration of the fact that the United States pressured many of the signatory nations to include within their ratification of the Rome Statute a condition which specifies that they will not take the United States or its officials and citizens to the ICC in case of dispute or suspected crimes which fall under the supposed jurisdiction of this court. However, despite the evidence supporting this particular interpretation of the United States' refusal to accept the ICC, it oversimplifies the objections raised against this court and its legal basis."
| |
|
The Legitimacy of the Indian Wars, 2008.
A review of the conflicts between native Americans and colonists.
2,372 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper analyzes the conflicts between native Americans and colonists in terms of the moral legitimacy of warfare. The paper states that the end result of these conflicts are clear; it led to the deaths of thousands of native Americans and the eventual disappearance of the majority of the native American tribes within North America. The paper argues that the results were disastrous for the native Americans, however on further examination, it becomes evident that the Indian wars qualify as a just war.
From the Paper
"In order to determine the legitimacy of the Indian Wars, a context for understanding the agents of action within the war must be developed. The Indian Civil War occurred in parallel to the American Civil War. The conflict began in the wake of the French and Indian War. The British, after acquiring the significant amount of territory ceded by the French dictated that settlements were forbidden west of the Appalachian Mountains. This policy was made to ensure that conflicts between the Native Americans and colonists would not continue to persist. However, due to pressure from the colonists, the British negotiated a treaty with the Iroquois in 1768 to allow for colonial expansion beyond the Ohio River."
| |
|
Karl Marx and Max Weber On Consent and Legitimacy, 1993.
A comparison of the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber on the basis of political power in the modern state.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, £ 32.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"This study will explain the importance of the different concepts of consent/legitimacy in both Marxist and Weberian theories of the state. The study will show in both cases --Marxist and Weberian theories --- how these legitimacy concepts are relevant to understanding the actions of the contemporary state.
Both Marx and Weber have supportable arguments to make about the nature of legitimacy, but it seems to this reader that Weber spends much time and energy skirting the basic economic interests of the state which Marx focuses on as the basis for legitimacy and for the actions of the contemporary state in the world system.
Essentially, Marx argues that the concept and practice of legitimacy flow from historical materialism, the development of..."
| |
|
The Legitimacy of Violence, 2002.
Questioning whether violence is a legitimate form of protest.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 24.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the justifiableness of social protestors using violence to achieve their goals in the context of racism.
| |
|
The Legitimacy of Religious Schools, 2002.
This paper evaluates the Seventh Day Adventist (SDA) and the Catholic approach to education in an attempt to determine whether they should be considered legitimate recipients of government money in the form of vouchers.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 36.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses that the Catholic school emphasis is on educating students to be successful, rather than instructing them how to attain divine revelation, which is the goal of the Seventh Day Adventist schools. The author feels that too much emphasis on the spiritual and on divine revelation diminishes reasoning ability and the ability to think and understand on the theoretical level. The paper concludes that, if a school is to be subsidized by the community as a whole, the school must provide its students with a strong academic program.
Table of Contents
Why It is Important
Seventh Day Adventist Approach to Education
Catholic Approach to Education
Concluding Statement
From the Paper
"In recent years, the rhetoric over this issue has been ratcheted up. Why? Primarily because a general perception has developed in the United States that public education is failing to deliver on its great promise. The resulting backlash has created a demand for an alternative to the typical public school. Thus, one witnesses the proliferation of charter schools as well as a call for the introduction of private school vouchers. And this means that American society has come almost full circle. Two hundred years ago, the government funded private religious schools. A hundred years later, this funding was then removed and legal barriers put in place to bar access to it. Now, calls are being made to re-institute this funding."
| |
|
Non-Violent Social Movements, 2005.
This paper discusses the idea of indirect approach in non-violent social movements as presented by Liddell Hart in "Strategy" and Gene Sharp in "Politics of Non-Violent Action".
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the philosophies of non-violent social movements of Liddell Hart's "Strategy" and of Gene Sharp's "Politics of Non-Violent Action" are vastly different in context: Hart's expertise is planning, fighting and winning a battle; whereas, Gene Sharp's reality is in search of maintaining a non-violent movement for peace and social change. The author points out that, in many ways, non-violence requires the same techniques of strategy as war; the results are just different. The paper states that the strength of non-violence lies in its ability to reduce the moral legitimacy of those who persist in using violence.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Indirect Approach
Nonviolent Movement
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The indirect approach was born out of Liddell Hart's years of military study and review of historical accounts of war. The very essence of indirect approach is to discover the enemy's Achilles heal or weakness and strike it quickly to take best advantage of the situation. This will lead to a swift and decisive victory. It is determining the Achilles heal that creates an element of surprise. The enemy will be shocked such knowledge of their weakness is apparently known. By surprising the enemy, the opponent takes advantage of the human factor. Liddell Hart writes in "Strategy", "Throughout the ages effective results in war have rarely been attained unless the approach of has had such indirectness as to ensure the opponent's unreadiness to meet it." Basically what this is saying is an indirect approach wears down the enemy's ability to fight back effectively. The surprise element is so profound the enemy loses its will to meet their opponent head on. Their resistance dissolves while their defense crumbles from exhaustion."
| |
|
The United Nations and Humanitarian Intervention, 2002.
A study of the legitimacy and success of humanitarian intervention (HI)with respect to the United Nations.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 43.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper analyzes the importance of reforms in the machinery of UN peace and security operations in ensuring that future humanitarian interventions are both legitimate and successful. The paper argues that the success and legitimacy of HI are inextricably related. On the one hand, legitimacy is important if success is to be attained. On the other, legitimacy of HI will be undermined if the success is minimal. The paper claims that since UN machinery has defects in both terms, reforms are very important to increase the likelihood of successful and legitimate HI.
From the Paper
"Humanitarian intervention (HI), which increasingly involves the use of arms for humanitarian claims, is undoubtedly one of today?s important international relations (IR) discourses. Being an infant IR practice, HI is still being questioned for its legitimacy and success in relation to its claims. HI operations by the United Nations (UN) in Somalia and Bosnia have been considered unsuccessful, while in Kosovo, it has lacked international legitimacy mainly in the absence of UN authorisation. In those cases, the machinery of UN has been named as one significant cause. Therefore this essay will look into this supposition as to how important are reforms in the machinery of UN peace and security operations in ensuring that future humanitarian interventions are both legitimate and successful?"
| |
|
"King Henry IV", 2004.
An analysis of legitimacy as a theme in Shakespeare's "King Henry IV".
753 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 0 sources, £ 18.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the use of legitimacy as a theme in the play, "King Henry IV," by William Shakespeare. The paper includes a discussion of the legitimacy of the king and his rule, as a well as a close look at Prince Hal. The paper contends that Henry's legitimacy becomes the center of all of the major crises in the play and, thus, is a major and binding theme.
From the Paper
"From the moment Shakespeare's play 1 King Henry IV opens, the legitimacy of King Henry's crown is a major theme throughout the play. Not only does it become the justification of the Percys and others violent revolts against Henry, but it can also be used to explain the disobedient acts carried out by Hal, King Henry's son and heir to the throne. King Henry's usurpation of the throne and act of regicide lead to consequences that will spoil his reign illegitimate."
| |
|
Authority, 2007.
An examination of the legitimacy of authority and how it is viewed by the people, according to three works.
1,974 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the legitimacy of authority. It considers three types of justification of authority and concludes that their success depends on whether the individual feels that the authority is supportive of themselves and their community. It focuses on the three works "Antigone," by Sophocles, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from the Birmingham Jail," and the movie "Fight Club," directed by David Fincher. The paper also looks at where authority can be derived from and whether it remains legitimate in all circumstances.
From the Paper
"In Fight Club, the narrator (the main character) feels no connection to any community. The authority of the government and even of his boss at work have no hold on him because he lacks any kind of human connection. He is so alienated that he goes to support groups for people with terminal diseases in an effort to feel any kind of connection. He creates (unknowingly) an alter ego named Tyler Durden who becomes his primary connection, and through that connection he creates a community based on resistance to the culture around him. Tyler Durden gives the main character the strength to "opt out" of the society around him, and he becomes a replaces it with the Fight Club. This touches the lives of other men who are similarly alienated and an alternative society, with its own system of meaning and structure of authority is born. "The first rule of Fight Club is you do not talk about Fight Club. The second rule is that you do not talk about Fight Club" (Norton, Fight Club). When the movie ends, it is not at all clear what will replace the society that Fight Club was created to destroy. Its laws are based on destruction and resistance, and so it is hard to envision a positive program coming out of it."
| |
|
Blogging, 2005.
A discussion of the legitimacy of blogging as a method of receiving news.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper analyzes methods for receiving news, particularly blogging. It discusses the legitimacy of blogging as a form of journaling and reporting. It then compares blogging to alternate methods fro receiving news, such as late-night television and tabloid television shows.
From the Paper
"Blogging and Alternative Methods of Receiving News Blogging is a relatively new method for both giving and receiving news. Blogging is essentially journaling; however, through its popularity as a form of communication, it has gained legitimacy as a form of reporting. This legitimacy that has been gained is similar to that of other alternate news sources, such as late-night television and tabloid television shows. This paper will examine blogging and other alternate methods for receiving news. It will be used to discuss the influence of blogging and alternate news methods on the public and on more traditional new reporting, as well as the ethics of these alternate methods of reporting the news. Blogging Blogging is a method of journaling online. According to Deborah Ng, blogs are "personal Internet journals [that] have taken the Internet by storm" (par. 1)."
| |
|
Legal Ramifications of the Iraq War, 2005.
A discussion of the legal arguments surrounding the Iraq war, dismissing legitimacy claims.
3,675 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 70.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the Iraq war from within the framework of the 'just war' theory and the legal parameters established by the United Nations through the Law of War. Through a critical analysis of the justifications presented for the war versus both the letter and the spirit of international law, the paper argues that this is an illegitimate war. The paper contends that the United States is in violation of international laws.
Outline
Introduction
The Legitimacy Question of the Current War
The Doctrine of Preemption and International Law
United States' Violations of International Law
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Following the destruction nations suffered in the wake of World War Two, the international community realized the necessity of establishing mechanisms for the prevention of war and the control of warfare. One means of preventing war was to establish a set of laws, outlining the precise circumstances under which wars may be conducted. The legal circumstances under which war can be conducted are expressed in the United Nations' Charter and the Law of War, both of which are based on the "just war doctrine" (Falk). The just war doctrine emphasizes the difference between wars that are morally principles and which are, basically, justified and those which are neither justified nor based on accepted principles. According to the United Nations' Charter, wars are just only in two cases. The first case is if it is a war of defence against a real threat, or against an actual attack, carried out by another nation (Falk). The second case is if the United Nations Security Council determines that a particular nation is in violation of international law, persistently rejects the application of international law and denies the validity and legitimacy of its institutions, thereby constituting a real threat to regional/global peace and security (Falk). In this case, the United Nations Security Council passes a resolution that legitimizing and authorizing war (Falk). This is what occurred during the first Gulf war of 1991."
|
|
|
