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Legal Policies, 2002.
An overview of the purpose and impact of legal policies.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 4 sources, £ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses four specific questions concerning legal policies, the reasons for implementing them, and the impact that such policies have on the individual, the community, and the population.
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Legal and Policy Issues in Education, 2008.
An examination of education policies and legal issues related to intelligent design and religion with schools in the United States.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses education policies and legal issues surrounding education in the United States. It begins by providing a functional definition of education policy and the importance of education policies. The paper then looks at examples of how the educational policy can go too far. The paper specifically looks at how intelligent design and religion can cause legal issues in education.
Table of Contents:
Educational Policy: A Functional Definition
Legal Issues in Education: Intelligent Design and Religion
From the Paper
"Intelligent design will continue to be a significant legal challenge for educators in the coming years in the United States, but also in other Western nations. Intelligent design is the latest attempt by religious institutions to blur the line between church and state in public institutions by wrapping religion in the cloak of science. Educators who are tempted by the possibility of bridging this divide would do well to remember that their primary responsibility is to the students in their care. It will only do them harm to teach them that religion has the explanatory power to supplant science--it is the historical equivalent of erasing the last five hundred years of scientific progress in favor of medieval religious dogma. Educators should collectively take a stand against intelligent design and commit themselves to providing the most accurate education possible to their students."
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Legal Naturalism vs. Legal Positivism, 2002.
A comparison of laws understood to come about naturally or through some form of positive creation.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two of the general theories of law - legal naturalism and legal positivism, both of which have had an enormous influence on law throughout history. The first part of the paper looks at natural law which describes those diverse theories of law that do not accept human law as true law and hold that a particular "something other than the positive law is the true law". The second section examines legal positivism where one of several general theoretical traditions is based on the belief that the source of knowledge lies in experience, not in reason, nor in mind.
From the Paper
"A good example of the usefulness of classical legal naturalism can be seen in the rise of commercial law in the Middle Ages in Europe. As Glendon, Gordon, and Carozza point out, the rise of commercial law took place when Roman civil law provided no adequate coverage of new problems that arose as trade "emerged from the localism and relative economic stagnation of the Middle Ages" in the form of international banking, expanded maritime trade, and rising commercial centers."
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Affirmative Action Policies, 2002.
Examines both the positive and negative sides of current affirmative action policies.
2,551 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates both the positive and negative effects of affirmative action policies today, with a particular focus on racial minorities, such as African-Americans and Latinos, in higher education. The paper defines affirmative action, traces the policies? history, examines their goals, and looks at the various legal challenges that have been mounted against these policies. Finally, the paper includes a critical examination of the arguments both for and against the continued use of affirmative action policies and concludes by taking the position that affirmative action policies are ineffective and actually harm the parties they are intended to benefit.
From the Paper
"Jackson further argues that many affluent white students have access to SAT preparation scores and have the time and resources to participate in extracurricular activities and honor courses. This places many minority students from lower-income families who need to work after school and do not have resources for SAT preparation tests at a distinct disadvantage (Jackson 290). For proponents like Jackson, affirmative action is a way to address these discrepancies and ensure that disadvantaged youth receive an equal opportunity towards higher education."
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Chinese Economic and Foreign Policies, 2005.
An investigation into how China's economic and foreign policies have contributed to its success over the past decades.
2,987 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the success of the Chinese economic reforms is attributed to the liberty granted to the non-state sectors to progress in the environment of the market economy. The open door policy is an essential element in the process of economic reforms. It induces foreign investment and encourages the foreign trade. The writer points out that foreign investment has brought in new capital, new technology, managerial skill and training for labor to China. This has infused the contemporary managerial strategies, business techniques and a legal structure for favoring the business dealings. The paper further notes that it has generated competition in the domestic market and the competition has compelled the domestic enterprises to become more efficient. The foreign trade has been made easy due to the availability of the low cost and high quality labor in China to produce goods to be sold at higher prices in the world market thereby increasing the compensation to Chinese labor. The writer concludes that China has thus become an outstanding trading nation in the region, primary to the economic development along with promoting stability in the region.
From the Paper
"Chinese foreign policy of the mid-1980s results from the four correlated estimations. Firstly, the Chinese reform minded leaders opined that there is possibility for China to attain power and prosperity while safeguarding its national essence only through increased involvement in world activities. Secondly they emphasized that the international environment allows a focus upon domestic development while specifically because Soviet Union is concentrating on other emergent situations and in the process there is ample possibility that China can avail a stable environment in East Asia for the predictable future. Thirdly, they emphasized that China will find it advantageous to participate successfully in the international economic system and by soliciting growing foreign involvement in its own economic development. Finally, it is advocated that China can adopt persistent, independent, pragmatic and purposeful policies not only towards the three major powers of concern to them which are the Soviet Union, the United States and Japan but also towards other crucial areas like Korea, Indo-China and Taiwan. Hence the superseding goals of foreign policy of the reformers that arise from such considerations is to counterfeit a peaceful security environment in support of ambitious internal economic development. The reformers desire to promote economic relationships with all the prospective trading counterparts. They are much concerned in safeguarding the Chinese Sovereignty and autonomy while allowing the impediments of enhanced commercial and security links with the external world. (Okesenberg, 1986)"
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Privacy Protection Policies in Health Care, 2008.
A case study analysis of the United States Privacy Act and its subsequent revisions and the Healthcare Information Privacy Protection Act (HIPPA).
1,724 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study relating to privacy issues in the medical and healthcare field. It aims to design an executive level privacy protection policy and considers both the legal regulations applicable to a company's privacy issues and the company's particular privacy needs. The paper specifically examines the application of the United States Privacy Act and its subsequent revisions and the Healthcare Information Privacy Protection Act (HIPPA).
From the Paper
"Clearly, the Privacy Act, originally intended to apply only to government agencies, now applies to such non-governmental entities as the healthcare system and commercial businesses. What can be concluded from this expansion of the Act's jurisdiction is that, because of the Act, individuals now have an expectation of personal privacy. In order to ensure this expectation is met, all customer-related organizations must take steps, per the Privacy Act, to protect an individual's personal privacy. (Douglas-Steward: 2001)."
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The Legalization of Gay Marriage in the United States The Legalization of Gay Marriage in the United States, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of same sex marriage in the USA.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 0 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the long debated issue of gay marriage in the United States. This paper reports how proponents of the issue contend that same sex marriage is not about gay rights but about human rights. It further discusses how these individuals believe that gays in modern society have long been subjected to inequalities and a lack of support from the social order. The opponents of the gay marriage issue refer to a stereotypical framework for gays in general that suggests that gays are evil and dangerous to children.
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The Civil Partnership Act, 2005.
A critical assessment of the legal and policy issues underlying the Civil Partnership Act in Britain.
2,692 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 27 sources, APA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the issues which influenced the introduction of the Civil Partnership Act including the legal issues, such as the lack of availability of rights for homosexual couples and the need to remedy this. It then looks at the ECHR, legal certainty, and the rights available to opposite sex couples. It then continues with an examination of the policy issues, such as the need for social justice and equality. Finally, the paper looks at the impact on cohabitees and married couples.
Outline
Legal Issues
Policy Issues
Impact on Marriage
Impact on Cohabitees
From the Paper
"Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) prohibits any difference in treatment based on sexual orientation. If sexual orientation is used as a ground for difference in treatment, there must be a convincing and weighty argument to justify it. In Karner v Austria , it was held that although protection of the traditional family was capable of being a convincing reason, it must be necessary to exclude same-sex partners to achieve that aim. The House of Lords considered this issue in the case of Ghaidan v Mendoza . Here, the Lords found that the difference in treatment of homosexual and heterosexual couples was based solely on sexual orientation, and no cogent reasons to justify this were found."
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Gambling Policy in the State of Maryland, 2004.
Analysis and assessment of a proposed policy that would legalize slot machine gambling in the State of Maryland.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the public policy issue of whether slot machine gambling should be legalized in Maryland. The paper looks at the benefits of putting such a policy into action, as well as what the negative effects would be if such a policy were not enacted.
From the Paper
"The major policy issue presented in the July 5, 2004 Washington Post article ?Pa. Lawmakers Approve Slots, Troubling Ehlrich? is whether the State of Maryland should revisit its current gambling policy of not allowing slot machines to operate in the state, and instead change the policy to legalize slot machine gambling in Maryland. The issue of slot machine gambling has some urgency, arising from the State of Pennsylvania recently passing legislation allowing 61,000 slot machines at more than a dozen sites in the state. Following the actions of legislators in Pennsylvania, the State of Maryland is now surrounded by states with legalized slot machine gambling. The fear of proponents for slot machine gambling in Maryland, including Governor Robert L. Ehrlich Jr. (R), is that the state will continue to see money leave the state as residents go elsewhere to gamble. Money will not only leave the state as residents gamble elsewhere, but the state government?s revenues will be adversely impacted as well, since new revenues through in-state gambling will not be realized under the current policy. The current policy of not allowing gambling could therefore impact other economic, social and environmental policies."
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The Legal Aspects of Affirmative Action, 2006.
Examines the purpose of affirmative action policy and its legal implications.
1,292 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a definition of affirmative action and then takes a look at whether the affirmative action policies in place are meeting their intended objective. The paper looks at the advantages and disadvantages of affirmative action policies, explains why they are so divisive amongst the general population and discusses the stance that the Republican and Democratic parties have taken regarding affirmative action.
From the Paper
"Of course, one needs to include affirmative gender action as well, since historically women have been paid at a standard below that of men, and often not promoted with the same diligence as their male peers. What has Affirmative Action done for eliminating gender bias? According to the latest figures, Beginning in the year 200, women, minorities and immigrants will account for 80% of labor growth in the U.S. (Allen 1) Yet, while women are increasingly visible at the workplace, in general, they still earn less than their male counterparts. This is especially true of those few women who have managed to break through the so-called "glass ceiling" and become top management in large corporations. Perhaps the plight of women under Affirmative Action can best be summarized in one specific court case. "
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Visa's No-Competition Policy, 2002.
Argues against the credit card organization's policy.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, £ 32.95
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Abstract
Argues against the credit card organization's policy. Discusses why it is wrong for VISA to prohibit banks and other financial institutions that are members of the VISA system from issuing and processing payment cards issued by competitors, except Master Card. The mutual structure of Visa and Master Card systems. Legality of policy.
From the Paper
"VISA'S NO-COMPETITION POLICY FOR MEMBER BANKS: AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY AGAINST THE VISA ORGANIZATION'S POLICY
This essay argues against the Visa organization's policy that prohibits banks and other financial institutions that are members of the Visa system from issuing and processing payment cards issued by competitors other than Master Card. The United States government charges that Visa and Master Card function, in effect, as a single competitor (Donovan A2).
Visa is the world's largest branded payment system. The Visa system, along with other credit card organizations, provides consumers and merchants with a relatively easy process to pay and be paid. The Visa system includes more than 14,000 affiliated banks and other financial institutions. More than 22 million merchant locations accept the more than 353 million Visa ..."
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The Do-Not-Resuscitate Policy, 2005.
This paper analyzes the arguments for and against a terminally ill individual's right to die as well as the legalities surrounding the medical community's do-not-resuscitate policy (DNR).
1,751 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ongoing and controversial debate regarding euthanasia. This paper discusses the rights of terminally ill patients who opt to refuse treatment as well as the various legal and moral ramifications surrounding this particular topic. This paper delves into the views, policies and cost control measures of health insurance companies regarding DNR policies. This paper discusses both sides of the assisted suicide issue as it pertains to terminally ill individuals. This paper explores the medical community's reputation related to the improving quality of care given to terminally ill patients. This paper discusses the medical community's concern regarding inherent or potential disciplinary actions, malpractice liability as well as criminal prosecution surrounding physician assisted suicide. This paper also analyzes the existing yet contradicting laws which give patients the right to accept or refuse care yet do not encompass the rights of those actually delivering the care.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Arguments For
Arguments Against
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Consider that the United States healthcare system includes many health plans, physicians, hospitals, clinics, consumers, and public health programs. These entities are all usually focused on life and health recovery. But, the healthcare community also incorporates a very large hospice aspect which is utilized by both insured and uninsured patients that are terminally ill. As our nation's median age of the overall population steadily rises, more Americans will need the services provided by hospice organizations - or, they should be allowed to choose the option of do-not-resuscitate or "Right to Die" as valid approaches to end stage life. Once patients are to a point where they can be assured that there are no possibilities and or options left for curing their fatal disease for example, allowing the end to come more naturally may actually be more humane. This approach relieves many burdens such as when a financial burden is inadvertently put on the surviving family if life is extended artificially."
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European Environmental Policy, 2004.
Assesses the changes in European environmental policy since the 1970s and whether these changes have made the policy more effective.
2,756 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This essay assesses the changes European environmental policy making has undergone since the 1970s in respect of their effectiveness. First, it is shown how European environmental policy making has changed in terms of its scope and legalization on a European level. The paper then shows with what instruments European institutions have tackled environmental protection.
Table of Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Legalization
2.1. Treaty of Rome
2.2. Single European Act
2.3. Treaty on European Union
3. Instruments
3.1. Moral Suasion
3.2. Regulatory Instruments
3.3. Financial Instruments
3.4. Market Instruments
3.4.1. Eco-tax
3.4.2. Eco-labels
4. Conclusion
5. References
From the Paper
"In 1993 the Commission established the European Environment Agency (EEA) in Copenhagen, which succeeded the CORINE programme, an experimental data collection project, along with the European Environment Information and Observation Network. The EEA "is intended to provide the Community and the Member States with objective, reliable and comparable information at European level enabling them to take the requisite measures to protect the environment" (Dinan, 2000:171). As the EEA does not have an enforcement role of EU environmental legislation, it is hard to assess its direct impact on environmental protection."
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School Policy Analysis, 2007.
A policy analysis and review of three schools in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
1,106 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This work summarized three Milwaukee Public Schools policies. The paper specifies the purpose of the policy, specific elements delineated in the policy addressing its purpose, the statutory case law or other legal authorities supporting the policy, and the date of the adoption of the policy or the most recent policy revision. Finally this work discusses the ways in which these three policies are similar or different. The three policies under review in this work are the following: (1) school building administration; (2) fiscal management and budget control and (3) support services: emergency plans and emergency health and accident procedure.
Outline:
Objective
Focus of Research
Policy Review One - General School Administration 2.05 - Administrative Procedures of Milwaukee Public Schools
Fiscal Management: Budget Control - 3.02 of the Milwaukee School Administration Policy Guide
Support Services 4.01(1) Emergency Plans and Emergency Health and Accident Procedures Administration Procedures - Milwaukee Public Schools
Discussion
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Department of Finance has the responsibility of ensuring that the file is an accurate reflection of Board decisions. In the area of Human Resources, the responsibility exist of ensuring that the "authorized positions are staffed in such a manner that the control limits of the position are not exceeded in terms of either the numbers of individuals assigned to the position or the salary range established specifically for that position. Student Transportation, Employee Benefits, District Insurances are all subject to period analysis in providing status of account reports as well as documenting in differential data in the expenditures that were approved in the budget allocations and the actual amount of expenditures."
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