| Papers [1-14] of 14 | Search results on "LEBANESE GOVERNMENT": |
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The Lebanese Corporate Governance System, 2005.
This paper discusses the prospects and challenges of the Lebanese corporate governance system.
3,690 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the Lebanese Corporate Governance system, evolving after 15 years of civil war (1975-1990), is built on family business structure, block shareholdings and an active banking system and is moving to a market-based system. The author points out that the regulatory initiatives aim to develop an equity finance culture where external mechanisms allow firms to improve their performance, to reduce their cost of capital and to enhance the long-term economic performance. The paper relates that several positive regional developments will improve the local equity culture but significant challenges lie ahead.
Table of Contents
An Overview of the Lebanese Corporate Governance System: Main Challenges
The Origins of Corporate Governance Systems: the Lebanese Case
The Characteristics of Corporate Governance Systems: Toward a Lebanese CG System.
The Financing Sources: Market- versus Bank-based System
The Control and Decision-making: External-Markets versus Internal-Committees
The Future of the Lebanese CG System: Further Issues
From the Paper
"The existence of widespread public and private sector corruption is key. While this may help answer why the legal and institutional framework for corporate governance is so weak, the existence of significant corruption goes farther by making the overall business environment less attractive to investors, particularly foreign investors. This is especially true with respect to investment opportunities with firms that depend on significant contractual relations with the government. Lebanon, to quote the US Embassy Country Commercial Guide 2003, has "laws and regulations to combat corruption but historically these laws have not been enforced." Based on the 2003 Corruption Perception Index developed by Transparency International, where the higher the ranking the greater the level of corruption, Lebanon ranked 78 out of 133. On a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 being highly corrupt, Lebanon scored only 3. Furthermore, according to the Lebanese research company Information International, Lebanon loses over $1 billion a year due to corruption. It is widely reported that significant bribes have been paid to win key public contracts. Such a level of corruption is a major cause for concern as the judicial system lacks the ability to provide shareholders and other corporate stakeholders with ample opportunity to receive proper redress for grievances."
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The Lebanese Government, 2003.
A look at the effects that constitutional ratification has on the internal politics of Lebanon.
1,248 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the political set-up in Lebanon. It describes the different governing bodies and how the government is constructed. It discusses whether this could be considered a democracy and how the constitution in the country affects the very polarized society.
From the Paper
"Lebanon?s formal name, the Lebanese Republic (CIA, 2003), recognizes its parliamentary republic form of government. In addition, Lebanon is one of only two countries in the other such country being Turkey (Lewis, 2002). Lebanon ratified its Constitution on May 23, 1926, and has amended it a number of times, the most recently being in 1989 when they ratified the Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta?if Accord) after a long civil war (CIA, 2003)."
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The Present Lebanese Crisis, 2005.
This paper discusses negatively the role of the U.S. in the present Lebanese political crisis.
1,765 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the clear-cut agenda of the United States in Lebanon is to have a Lebanese government, which is pro-U.S. rather than pro-Syria; therefore, it wants the Syrian forces to withdraw immediately from the country. The author points out that the neo-cons in Washington are known to have deep links with the Israelis (particularly the Likud Party) and are committed to furthering their aims. The paper concludes that the U.S. has completely disregarded Syria's vehement denials of its involvement and, rather surprisingly , ignored the suggestion that Al-Qaeda may be behind the killings because of Hariri's well-known ties to the Saudi monarchy.
Table of Contents
Background
Creation of Lebanon
Changing Demographics
The Civil War (1975-1990)
The Current Crisis
What is the Real US Policy in Lebanon?
Pro-US Government in Lebanon
Israeli Wish-List for Lebanon
The Neo-con Agenda
Does Syria Gain from the Hariri Assassination?
The US Accusation against Syria: A Political Ploy?
Double Standards
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The current escalating political crisis in Lebanon was precipitated by the crude Syrian maneuver last year to pressurise the Lebanese Parliament into amending the Lebanese constitution in order to extend the term of the pro-Syrian President Emile Lahoud. The move was widely condemned internationally, in particular by the United States. The moral outrage shown by the United States, however, was more than a little ironic, given the fact that it had attempted an equally dubious move in 1958 to extend the term of the pro-American president Camille Chamoun."
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Lebanese Culture, 2004.
This paper investigates the roles of Lebanese food, clothing, and other objects using a semiotic approach in an attempt to understand more deeply the Lebanese culture.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that semiotics is the study of people and their culture through evaluating the signs and symbols the culture holds as important. This paper points out that the Lebanese society is divided into numerous sects, separated from each other by recognizable geographical lines of demarcation and, perhaps even more, by fear and suspicion. The paper relates that, in the Lebanese valley of the Bekaa, not far from where Romans venerated the god of wine, Bacchus, Bedouins are busy harvesting grapes for the new vintage of Lebanese wine.
Table of Contents
Introduction to Semiotics
Background Look at Lebanon
Objects
Food Products
Clothing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From Paterson, New Jersey, to Cairo, Egypt, a growing number of Islamic-oriented clothing stores and fashion shows are helping to promote a trendier look. Styles are even changing in ultra conservative Iran, where a dress code was imposed after the 1979 Islamic revolution. These days, more and more Iranian women are replacing the chador, the head-to-toe black garment, with headscarves and loose coats and slacks. Ziane Debebu(ph) is the agent for the five Tekbir outlets in Lebanon. He says the modern Muslim woman increasingly wants clothing that reflects her individual personality and tastes, especially here in fashion conscious Beirut."
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History of Lebanese Cinema, 2006.
Examines the effects of war on the film industry in Lebanon.
2,030 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that while the elements that affected Lebanese motion picture are diverse, war remains the major reason behind the metamorphosis of the local film industry, crippling young talents, yet remaining a source of inspiration to many.
Paper Outline:
Thesis Statement
The Different Features affecting Lebanese Motion Picture:
The Setbacks and Promoters
The Duality of War
The Crippling Effects of War on the Film Industry:
The Destruction of Studios and Cinemas
The Talent Drain
The Hidden Benefits of War on the Film Industry:
The Birth of the "Intelligentsia Libanaise"
The Dawn of a New Era
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Those forlorn images of a city split into east and west; Christians and Muslims were stranded amid the tragedies of civil war. Yet, where human values prevailed, those images won Doueiri the International Critics' Award at the Toronto International Festival and the Youth Jury Award at the Valladolid Festival, to name just a few. In "West Beirut" the moments of ephemeral beauty seem to overshadow the rumble of missiles and the echoes of despair. The first batch of fresh strawberries from the farm, a favorite piece of music played on the piano, precious seconds of every day life, are moments unnoticed in time of peace; somewhat like the effects of war on a new era of filmmaking."
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Lebanese Immigration, 2005.
Examines the political and economic reasons for immigration from Lebanon to Western countries.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, even if some Arabs chose to immigrate to the West because of violent and terrorist intentions, an analysis of the cause behind Arab immigration, focusing on the Lebanese people, shows that terrorism was not the motivation for their immigration. The paper shows that the real reasons were to escape from human rights abuse or to provide a better economic life for themselves and their families.
From the Paper
"Immigration becomes an escape from poverty, instability and fear to a stable and secure life which people have a right to. On the other hand, one can equally argue that in these circumstances, immigration is not only an escape from poverty and security but it is an escape from the responsibility that citizens have towards their country. Had the Lebanese decided to reject the option of immigration and put all their energies into stabilizing, improving and developing their country's economy, maybe the economic problems motivating immigration would have been solved."
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Terrorist Organizations and the Media, 2004.
An overview of the terrorist organizations Revolutionary Organization 17 November, Abu Nidal, Hezbollah, and Al-Qaida, and their use of the media to further their causes.
5,823 words (approx. 23.3 pages), 21 sources, MLA, £ 96.95
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Abstract
This research paper about terrorist organizations and the media, discusses four separate terrorist organizations in relation to their causes and the way they make use of the services of the media. The four organizations are: Revolutionary Organization 17 November, Abu Nidal, Hezbollah, and Al-Qaida. It also examines how these terror groups are linked and how the world governments, in particular, the U.S. government, are actively fighting terrorists to achieve peace for the world.
Outline
Terrorism-Then and Now
Greek Terrorist Organization: Revolutionary Organization 17 November
Armed Propaganda
International Terrorist Organization: Abu Nidal Organization
Lebanese Terrorist Organization: Hezbollah
Hate Speech on the Internet
Multinational Terrorist Organization: Al-Qaida
The Media, Government and Terror Organizations
From the Paper
"Working in cooperation with November 17, the Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) a.k.a. Fatah Revolutionary Council, Arab Revolutionary Council, Arab Revolutionary Brigades, Black September, and Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims, is an international terrorist organization founded by late Sabri al-Banna (a.k.a. Abu Nidal). Abu Nidal carried out terrorist attacks in twenty countries, killing or injuring approximately nine hundred persons (Abu Nidal, 2003). ANO is said to have committed ninety actions of violence, including a failed assassination attempt on Yaser Arafat (Abu Nidal, 2000). The targets of ANO include the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Israel, moderate Palestinians, the PLO, and various Arab countries. The group maintains its presence in Iraq currently. It has an operational presence in Lebanon too."
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Syrian Foreign Policy, 1992.
Discusses geographic and strategic aspects, conflicts with its Arab neighbors and Israel, military issues and the Lebanese problem.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, £ 43.95
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From the Paper
"THE STRATEGIC AND MILITARY ASPECTS OF SYRIA'S FOREIGN POLICY
This research examines the strategic and military aspects of Syria's foreign policy. Syria is located in the hotbed of Middle Eastern politics. The country's foreign policy is dominated by Middle East concerns-primarily the Arab-Israeli dispute, although Syria was an Allied Forces participant in the Gulf War action against Iraq.
Issues Related to Strategic Location, and Their Effects on Syrian Foreign Policy
Syria is bounded on the north and northwest by Turkey (Paxton, 1991, p. 1175). Conflicts frequently arise between Syria and Turkey over minor border problems, the apportionment of river water flow, smuggling, and charges of internal subversion (Collelo, 1990, p. 253). Historically, Syrian ..."
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Water Security In the Jordan River Basin, 1999.
A background of Lebanese politics, the role of Israel, the significance of the issue and the impact on the economic development of southern Lebanon.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 13 sources, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This research reviews the water security issue in the Jordan River Valley, with a focus on the effect of this issue on the economic development of Southern Lebanon. The water security issue has developed along w
From the Paper
"WATER SECURITY IN THE JORDAN RIVER BASIN: WATER & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHERN LEBANON
This research reviews the water security issue in the Jordan River Valley, with a focus on the effect of this issue on the economic development of Southern Lebanon. The water security issue has developed along with the rise of Israeli since the creation of the modern Israeli state in 1948. Thus, this research reviews the development of the issue from this early period.
In the mid-1950s, Lebanon was a prosperous and thriving nation in the Middle East. The French Mandate had been terminated, and, following the end of the Second World War, Lebanon had become and independent democracy; albeit one with its own unique political structure, which effectively ..."
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Lebanon Pound in Foreign Exchange, 2000.
An examination of the foreign exchange rate policy as applied to the Lebanese monetary system. Tables.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, £ 38.95
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From the Paper
"Lebanon Pound in Foreign Exchange
Introduction
This research examines foreign exchange rate policy and its application in Lebanon. Three issues provide the focus for this research. The first issue involves an historical overview of the policy and process of setting the value of the Lebanon pound in foreign exchange markets, to include a consideration of which officials and institutions exercise responsibility for the exchange rate. The second issue concerns the current exchange rate policy followed by Lebanon, together with a consideration of the outcomes of this policy on the country's economic performance. The third issue is the comparability of Lebanon's exchange rate policy with those of Egypt and Israel.
Historical Overview of the Policy and Process of Setting the Foreign..."
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Lebanon's Civil War and Emigration, 2005.
A look at how the civil war in Lebanon affected the country's patterns of emigration.
1,794 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Lebanese emigration from the perspective of the civil war?s effects on the nation?s population and discusses the nation and its populace in terms of cultural, political, and economic factors.
From the Paper
"National instability due to adverse conditions brought about by the presence of warring factions is often the cause of mass migration patterns that affect the demographic statistical information regarding the nation?s perceived economic and political stability. In the case of Lebanon, the nation had a governmental system in place before the 1960s that was lauded by international concerns for its stability and functionality in reference to the nation?s diverse population groups. This perspective is contrasted sharply with the years of civil war that wracked the region, particularly during and after the 1970s, when
extra-national interests became involved in domestic policy as both aggressors and supporters."
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Terrorism in a Globalized World, 2005.
This paper discusses that globalization has enabled the global expansion of terrorism.
2,995 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 21 sources, APA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the unprecedented impact of 9/11 on the consciousness of America and the international community is a new kind of globalized fear surrounding security, which is the product of shared cultural, political and technological factors characterizing the globalized world against another distinct culture, which aims to destroy rather than build or maintain life. The author points out the interrelationship of countries by relating that Arafat's Palestinian Authority documents unmistakably showed that the PA received money from Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq, which then was given to terrorist commanders for acts of terrorism against Israelis. The paper relates that the FBI categorizes international terrorism in the U.S. into three categories: (1) Activities of foreign sponsors, such as Iran, Iraq, Syria, Sudan, Libya, Cuba and North Korea, which used terrorism as an operational tool of foreign policy in the past; (2) formalized terrorist groups, such as the Lebanese Hezbollah, Al-Gama'a Al-Islamiyya of Egypt and the HAMAS of Palestine and (3) loosely affiliated international radical extremists who do not represent a particular country, such as those behind the bombing of the World Trade Center in 1993 in New York City.
From the Paper
"Developments in the international scene have enabled mass-casualty terrorism. Perceived and gross inequalities in economic resources and standards of living among nations in the world have motivated international terrorism and determined the level of ferocity and viciousness of attacks. Poverty was often blamed as the main cause of domestic terrorism, although there appears no "comprehensive correlation between" poverty and terrorism. But it is different in the international scenario. Free-market globalization gave the Islamic world access to Western values and institutions and this offers explanation for the growth of international terrorism, which is the weaker party's occasion to hit back."
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Lebanon's Economics.
This paper discusses the management of Lebanon's public debt.
4,020 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Lebanon's massive debt, which exceeds $35 billion and which is attributed to the substantial expenditure to rectify the damages to the infrastructure caused by the civil war and continued borrowing and spending, is taking away most of the government's revenues in terms of debt servicing; however, Lebanon has registered a marked improvement in economic performance. The author points out that the Paris II conference in 2002 committed over $4 billion to Lebanon in the form of soft loans, subject to the condition that Lebanon would implement specific reforms, including privatization. The paper relates that the International Monetary Fund, while commending the improvement of macroeconomic parameters, has expressed deep concern at the rising debt levels and lack of progress in privatization.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Lebanese Economy and Economic Trends
Agreements with IMF
Lebanon's Debt Position
National Income
Treasury performance
Privatization
Recommendations for Improving the Debt Position of Lebanon
Rationalization of National Expenditures
Improve Macroeconomic Stabilization
Free Trade
Proceed with Structural Reforms
Better Debt Management
Improving the Functioning of Finance Sector and Banking Sector
Focus on Infrastructure
Flexible Exchange Rates
Other Recommendations
From the Paper
"The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has projected that the growth in GDP growth of 5 percent in 2004. Although the Iraq war did affect trade, Lebanon managed to achieve a real GDP growth of about three percent in 2003, even while keeping inflation under tight control. Added to this is the depreciation of the US dollar, which has resulted in greater price competitiveness for Lebanese goods and services, since the Lebanese pound is pegged to the dollar. Another reason is the substantial increase in the capital inflows in 2003, due to increase in Arab savings and good returns on deposits. For instance, yields on two year deposits and treasury bills have settled around 8 percent. Consequently, the liquidity showed a growth of 15 percent in 2003. Gross reserves were around USD 10 billion, However, the current account deficit declined only marginally to about 13 percent of the GDP."
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Lebanon Pound in Foreign Exchange, 2002.
This paper examines foreign exchange rate policy and its application in Lebanon and compares to it to the policies of Egypt and Israel.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Lebanon was an important international financial center through 1975; but, since 1975 the Lebanese economy has seldom had a chance to function efficiently and monetary stability frequently has proven to be elusive. This paper points out that the current exchange rate policy followed by Lebanon is a managed float targeted to the United States dollar. The author reports that Egypt?s current exchange rate policy is the same as Lebanon?s managed float; but Israel follows a composite currency peg policy, which assigns proportional weights to a basket of currencies to establish the exchange value for their currency and reflects that country?s international trade, capital flows and other relevant economic aggregates. Annotated Bibliography.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Overview
Current Exchange Rate Policy
Comparing Lebanon?s Exchange Rate Policy with Those of Egypt and Israel
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since 1992, the government of Lebanon has faced-up to the job of restoring economic stability and confidence in the country. The government and the Central Bank of Lebanon also have broken the hold on the country?s the economy of the vicious circle of inflationary financing and instability of the rate of exchange of the Lebanese pound. These actions primarily were manifestations of the dire political status in which Lebanon found itself as both a pawn and a battleground for Israelis, Syrians and Arab militant organizations."
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