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Lead Halides, 1998.
A paper analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the lead (II) and lead (IV) halide compounds. Comparisons between compounds and applications are also discussed.
5,644 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 28 sources, APA, £ 94.95
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Abstract
After a brief historical introduction to lead compounds, it explains what +2 and +4 cations are and examines their uses. The physical and chemical properties of the lead (II) halides are also discussed, with mention of "mixed" halides (e.g., PbFCl).
Outline
An Introduction to Lead
General Lead Dihalide Trends
Mixed Lead Halides
Lead Chloride
Lead Bromide
Lead Iodide
Lead Fluoride
Lead Tetrahalides
Lead Tetrafluoride
Lead Tetrachloride
Possible Lead Halide Application
From the Paper
"Lead, located at the bottom of group IVA on the periodic table is well known for being a massive (atomic mass is 207.2 amu) and dense element. The density characteristics associated with lead arise from its rather compact structure despite its large size. This occurs in accordance to the periodic trend that atom size decreases as one moves left to right across a period. This trend, in conjunction with the massive properties found among the period six elements, accounts for the elements ranging from osmium to lead in that row being the densest (osmium does have the largest density) known to exist."
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The Detroit Lead Problem, 2002.
This research paper is about the lead poisoning problem specifically concerning Detroit.
1,995 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines lead and its many uses. It gives an historical overview of leaded products, such as leaded gasoline and leaded paint and how they were used. It details Detroit specifically and how it has already begun fighting its lead problem. It concludes that the elimination of lead poisoning everywhere, and in Detroit specifically, will result in more educated people, less crime and therefore a better city of Detroit.
From the Paper
"One of the most pressing problems in American cities is the danger of lead levels in its suburbs. Excess exposure and contact with lead can result in lead poisoning. Throughout the 1900s, Detroit, in particular, used enormous amounts of leaded gasoline in automobiles and lead-based paint in Detroit housing. Unfortunately for Detroit citizens, lead is a poisonous substance that does not break down over time. Lead poisoning results in an array of physical and psychological defects, but poisoning can be prevented if the lead hazard is detected and if appropriate measures are taken to remove or contain the hazard. Detroit must take action to eliminate its lead poisoning problem."
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Lead Poisoning, 2007.
An analysis of the the pathophysiological and biochemical basis of lead poisoning in children and adults.
3,066 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the history of lead poisoning and its various implications in adults and children. It describes the incidence of the problem today and follows with a discussion of the epidemiology of lead poisoning and the pathophysiological and biochemical basis of lead poisoning in children and adults. The paper then provides recommendations for preventing lead poisoning in the United States and abroad.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
History of Lead Poisoning
Incidence of the Problem
Epidemiology of Lead Poisoning
Pathophysiological and Biochemical Basis of Lead Poisoning in Children and Adults
Recommendations to Eliminate Lead Poisoning as a Public Health Hazard
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"Lead has been used by mankind for centuries, but the dangers associated with its use have only been identified fairly recently. The research showed that in spite of some progress in recent years, lead poisoning represents one of the leading preventable public health threats for young people in the United States and abroad today. The research showed that there are no safe levels of lead exposure for children, and lead levels as low as 10 [micro]g/dL have been shown to affect child development. A host of other health issues are implicated in lead poisoning as well, but most people tend to recover completely if appropriate treatments are provided in a timely manner. Finally, the research was consistent in emphasizing the inherent problems in addressing the problem of lead poisoning among low-income families where the exigencies of daily life preclude concern over this potential threat. Clearly, lead poisoning represents a challenging and ongoing threat to the nation's welfare, and public health officials continue to pursue increasingly aggressive campaigns to address the issue, but the studies to date suggest that these initiatives will remain ineffective unless and until the economic disparities that exist between the world's affluent and poor are addressed first."
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Lead, 2004.
Discusses the dangers of lead contamination.
1,081 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the damage caused to young children by lead contamination. The paper looks at where and how lead contamination most commonly occurs, which groups are the most vulnerable, and the physiological damage caused by lead poisoning. The paper also outlines what can be done, and, in particular, what parents can do to prevent lead contamination, and the actions government must take to help protect children from lead poisoning.
From the Paper
"Lead is a serious environmental contaminant that puts our most vulnerable citizens -- small children -- at risk. Fortunately it is preventable if parents are diligent about managing potential risks. Lead contamination can also occur in workplaces, but children experience more damage from lead ingestion than adults do. At work led may be in the air or dust. Children sometimes eat paint chips from lead-based paint because the lead makes them taste sweet. They can also breathe dust or get it on their hands and then into their mouths if the soil is contaminated. Lead poisoning can damage the kidneys, the nervous system and even reproductive systems (ATSDR). The EPA, in charge of cleaning up environmentally contaminated sites, reports that over 1,000 of their approximately 1,500 targeted sites have lead as one of the contaminants (ATSDR). In children, some effects of lead poisoning may be permanent, making it vitally important that they be protected."
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Childhood Lead Poisoning, 2002.
Proposes research to examine parental knowledge of childhood lead poisoning.
3,300 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (1991) reports that childhood lead poisoning is one of the most common pediatric problems in the United States. The result of industrialization, the report notes that lead is ubiquitous in the American human environment and children are particularly susceptible to its effects. This paper proposes a research study to examine parental knowledge of childhood lead poisoning as well as related knowledge and perceptions in a sample of Michigan parents living in a large urban area of the state. The paper begins by presenting a review of the pertinent literature. It continues with a brief description of the problem of childhood lead poisoning, including its sources and common treatment options. This is followed by a review of the few studies that have been conducted to explore for parental knowledge of the condition. The paper then explains the research design for the proposed study, including methodology, instrumentation and statistical analysis plan.
From the Paper
"Interested in recommendations for screening for lead poisoning, Goldman et al. (1998) attempted to determine the screening practices of a state-wide, representative sample of New Jersey physicians (N = 333) to examine whether practices were consistent with key CDC recommendations. Approximately 60 percent of the sample engaged in practices that were not in accord with CDC recommendations. Only 42 percent of the interviewed pediatricians and 24 percent of family practitioners said they screened the majority of the children in their practice by age 2 years. About 60 percent of all respondents reported not providing lead exposure education to half their patients."
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The Biochemistry of Lead Poisoning, 2003.
A look at the chemical mechanisms and biological effects of lead poisoning.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper describes lead poisoning, focusing on the chemical processes that take place as lead (II) displaces zinc (II) from ALAD and inhibits hemoglobin synthesis. The technical details of the inorganic and biochemical processes at play are explored and discussed, as well as the mechanisms of various lead poisoning therapeutic strategies. This paper also contains several referenced illustrations and figures.
From the Paper
"The protein ALAD, also know as porphobilinogen, is crucial in heme biosynthesis (2). ALAD, a ZnII metalloenzyme, consists of A and B subunits each of which contain a zinc atom when functional. The functionality of the A and B sites has been determined experimentally by displacement of zinc. When magnesium displaces zinc at the A site ALAD is marginally active. Furthermore, when magnesium replaces the zinc in the B site no change in the activity of the enzyme is observed (3). Thus the A site is key to the activity of the enzyme. However, when PbII displaces the active ZnII ion present in the A- site, the enzyme is rendered useless."
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Lead in Drinking Water, 2002.
This paper examines the problem of lead in drinking water,
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the facts about lead in drinking water in terms of United States Environmental Protection Agency standards, sources of the pollutant, environmental and health problems associated with lead, and possible removal treatments.
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Lead-Contaminated Drinking Water, 2008.
This paper explains that lead contamination of drinking water is a serious and persistent health issue in the developed world.
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the negative health effects of lead-contaminated drinking water are significant and occur at very low concentrations. The author points out that the primary source for contamination has been identified as corroding plumbing, which means that almost the whole of the developed world is faced with this danger. The paper urges that samples of real-world concentrations of lead in the drinking water supplies in the developed world should be taken from residential, commercial, industrial, and public buildings. The author suggests that this information should be used to develop public health policies.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion and Analysis
Summary of Findings
From the Paper
"Even at very low levels of lead exposure, individuals can experience measurable and permanent neurological damage. This is especially true for the young. Bryant (2004) contends that children are most susceptible to lead exposure from birth until the age of six. This is consistent with remarks by Watt et al. (1996), who outline the effects of minimal lead exposure to infants via drinking water--from bottle feeding, breast, or directly from the mother's blood before birth. Watt et al. (1996) points out that exposure to low levels of lead in infants has been positively correlated to decreases in intelligence over the course of an individual's life."
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Leading with the Soul, 2007.
This paper examines the book 'Leading with the Soul' by L.G. Bolman, and T.E. Deal, which discusses leadership and management.
794 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writers note that like many books on management and leadership, "Leading with the Soul" by L.G. Bolman and T.E. Deal address common concerns that organizations and individuals have when addressing important leadership issues. The writers point out that the difference between this book and other leadership books is that the authors take a spiritual look at concepts including leadership and management philosophy. The paper further explains that the book examines leadership by exploring it using philosophical, religious and spiritual inquiry. The authors also examine how psychotherapy can influence one's leadership ability and success within the organization.
Outline:
Book Overview
Reflection
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Bolman & Deal suggest there are many gifts that come with leadership, among them authorship over others, power and significance. A leader has an obligation to give to those under him to encourage others to try new things or new ways of doing things to inspire hope, success and achievement. The authors suggest the "gift of authorship" allows leaders to create successful organizations because it encourages greater knowledge sharing and encourages employees to take responsibility for their success and that of the organization. The "gift of love" as described by the authors is sharing the idea that any organization has to create a culture that embraces each member as members of a family. For this family to work each member, whether an employee or manager must learn to listen to one another and appreciate each member's contributions to the team."
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Leading a Horse to Water, 2005.
This paper explains the phrase "You can lead a horse to water, but you cannot make him drink."
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the phrase, "You can lead a horse to water, but you cannot make him drink" and discusses the relationship of that statement with six articles. Through the use of the articles, the statement is analyzed. The paper contains a thesis statement in the opening paragraph which indicates how the phrase will be incorporated into the articles and evidence is provided throughout to support the statement.
From the Paper
"There are many phrases in our culture which we hear daily. These phrases have become so engrained in our society that often we do not consider the full scope of their meaning as they apply to literature, people, or the world around us. The saying, "You can lead a horse to water, but you cannot make him drink" could be interpreted in various ways. However, the research will demonstrate that it is a statement that centers around aid to others. The statement, or saying, reflects on the concept that we, society, the world, or some higher being can always help someone, but it does not mean that they will take the baton and run with it to make a difference. That difference can be in their own lives, or the lives of others, but it is an element that is no longer in our control."
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Historical Events Leading up to the Boston Tea Party, 2001.
A look at the lead-up and causes of the outbreak of violence known as the Boston Tea Party.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper documents the events leading up to the violence of the Boston Tea Party on the evening of December 16, 1773.
From the Paper
"When the Boston Tea Party occurred on the evening of December 16,1773, it was the culmination of many years of bad feeling between the British government and her American colonies. The controversy between the two always seemed to hinge on the taxes, which Great Britain required for the upkeep of the American colonies. Starting in 1765, the Stamp Act was intended by Parliament to provide the funds necessary to keep peace between the American settlers and the Native American population. The Stamp Act was loathed by the American colonists and later repealed by parliament. (http://www.bostonteapartyship.com/History.htm) However, the British government quickly enacted other laws designed to solve monetary problems. Each act was met with resistance. The Boston Tea Party was the final act of focused rage against a Parliamentary law."
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Delacroix's "Liberty Leading the People", 2006.
This paper examine's Eugene Delacroix's artwork, "Liberty Leading the People" via iconography and iconology.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 9 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explores Eugene Delacroix's best known work of political romanticism, "Liberte Leading the People", attending to its iconographic, allegorical appeal, and the iconology of symbols and connected meanings. Like all art of the kind, the canvas appeals to human emotive tendencies and beliefs, as opposed to the more banal and disputed facts of July 1830 that saw the house of Orleans brought to power.
From the Paper
"Iconography addresses the meaning of works of art, as compared to their form, towards exploration of iconology, as opposed to the viewer's merely intuitive recognition of what a work represents. Panofsky outlined the iconographic approach's focus on images and allegories as compared to more symbolic values obtained through iconological interpretation. (Meaning 40-41) James Rubin's article on Eugene Delacroix's work of the 1820s describes a young man whose career coincided with the rise of French romanticism, in the dissatisfaction preceding the revolution of July 28, 1830."
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"Leading Change "--A Review, 2007.
This paper reviews John P. Kotter's management classic entitled "Leading Change".
1,613 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
In this review of "Leading Change," the writer outlines author John P. Kotter's eight crucial steps in facilitating change acceptance within an organization. Each step is defined and described. Additionally, the paper highlights Kotter's belief in measurable short-term and long-term goals and the importance of leadership in management. The writer cites Kotter's view that it is the manager who motivates his workers to accept change, and the manager must change from within before he can hope to encourage others to implement change.
From the Paper
"It is evident in these principles that, for Kotter, change is not a numbers-based formula or about choosing the best practices alone. It is also about getting the right people to enforce new changes, and it requires psychological strategies of motivation as well as simply reinforcing the purpose of the change in the long term. To reinforce the title of his work--leadership, or wanting to make other persons fulfill a vision is key, rather than mere management, or merely passing on orders to other persons. Many can manage, but few can lead."
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Leading Change, 2005.
A critique of John Kotter's model on leading a change project.
3,910 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 73.95
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Abstract
The focus of this paper is to evaluate John Kotter's model of Leading Change. Experiences from the Experience change simulation as well as different models of change based on organisational behaviour theories are also taken into consideration.
Outline
Introduction
Perspectives of Change
Theories on Organisational Behaviour
Where Does Kotter Fit in?
Experience Change Simulation
Advantages of OD Models (John Kotter/Experience Change)
Evaluation of John Kotter's Change Model
Evaluation Based on Strategy and Structure
Evaluation Based on the Perspectives of Change
Evaluation Based on Contingency Theory
Evaluation Based on Power, Politics and Organisational Change
Conclusions
From the Paper
"In an attempt to regain strategic and structural fit, change can be thought of in terms of a continuum in which we have the perspective 'voluntarism' at one end, the perspective 'environmental determinism' on the other and 'weak voluntarism' or 'soft determinism' in the middle (Genus 1998). The voluntaristic perspective is the domain of planned views of strategy and change and the most of OD change models is based on this perspective. Mintzberg's planning school and Porters positioning school follow the voluntaristic perspective (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand & Lampel 1998). Different planned models like Lippet et. al., Cummings & Huse, Bullock & Battern etc... elaborated from Lewin's model unfreezing, changing & refreezing change model fall under this category (Burnes 1996). In the environmental deterministic perspective, choice is severely constrained by external forces. This limit to choice or the inability of the organization to predict the rules of the environment is referred to strict population ecology or natural selection (Clark & Staunton cited in Genus 1998). Population ecology emphasizes on organization ecology which advocates organization adaptiveness and corporation between firms (Genus 1998). The change model in this category is the garbage can model of organizational choice (Cohen et. al. cited in Genus 1998)."
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