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Law and Politics, 2004.
An exploration of the differences between law and politics and discussion on whether law is political.
1,236 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the difference between law and politics has been debated among those to who are referred to as ?purists?, those who hold as a belief that ?law? and ?politics? have nothing to do one with the other, and those referred to as ?legalists?, who adhere to the belief that there is absolutely no difference between law and politics. It concludes that that ?law? and ?politics? are indeed two separate realms, which are related only and not one in the same.
Outline
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
What Others Have to Say
Another Viewpoint
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are those who will invariably argue that the decision of a judge is one that is many times made on a whim which may be determined by the state of his familial relations, his satisfaction with his breakfast and many other irrelevant issues to the process of law. Indeed, as pointed out by Michael Dorf, the judge is bound by legal statutes and codes and his decision must fall within the scope of the written laws and to these is he bound unless, as does happen, an injustice is found within the scope of the law and then his decision is the creation of what is referred to as ?case law? and is subject to judicial review."
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Crime, Justice, Law and Politics, 2006.
Looks at the misconceptions about crime and how they affect policy making.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the misconceptions about crime and how they affect policy making. It looks at myths believed widely by the American public, and the trends in crime in America over the last 30 years. It shows a rise in violent crime, but an overall drop in crime numbers.
From the Paper
"Misconceptions about crime rates can seriously affect the decisions of legislative bodies when enacting crime control policies. Without accurate figures and comparisons they cannot make an informed judgement about which crimes occur most frequently and where .."
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The Politics of Administrative Law, 2004.
A look at the evolution of the political philosophy behind America?s current federal and state administrative regulation.
1,286 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the different perspectives of three historians and political philosophers, James Weinstein, James Q. Wilson, and Ronen Shamir, regarding American federal and state administrative regulation and how it has evolved over time.
From the Paper
"The historians and political philosophers James Weinstein, James Q. Wilson, and Ronen Shamir, would no doubt all agree that a seismic shift occurred during the turn of the century in America, in terms of the way individual rights were conceptualized, and continued to become prioritized over the course of the century from a legal and political perspective. During this period of time, America shifted from an America without a federal income tax, an America where the Bill of Rights was only strictly applicable to federal rather than state legislation, to a nation with a complex civil rights system of litigation and a bureaucratic tax and federal civil service structure. Over the course of the century and afterwards, legislation was passed to make American industry more humane, and to change the integration of women and blue-collar workers into the American nation. The 20th century saw changes as women began to vote, and worker?s rights became protected in the capitalist system, and African-American rights were guaranteed legally and legislatively. The political and economic, as well as legal reasons behind this shift, however, remain controversial."
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Politics of Administrative Law, 2004.
An examination of the challenges presented by "NLRB vs. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp." to the political, economic, and legal philosophies developed from "Munn vs. Illinois" and "Lochner vs. New York".
1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a background and overview of the cases involved, followed by an examination of how the legal consciousness of "NLRB vs. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp." challenged the court?s previous positions as exemplified in "Munn vs. Illinois" and "Lochner vs. New York." A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"In NLRB vs. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Chief Justice Hughes delivered the opinion of the Court. The NLRB had determined Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. (?Jones?) violated the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 by firing employees at its Aliquippa, Pennsylvania plant who had engaged in union activities. It ordered reinstatement and other relief. The court of appeals refused to enforce the Supreme Court?s orders because it maintained the matter was not subject to federal jurisdiction. The Supreme Court reversed. The legal question in this case was whether the labor matter was in fact subject to federal intervention, with the ultimate decision being it was."
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Political Law, 2002.
This paper discusses political law in the United States.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, £ 49.95
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Abstract
In the US the right wing political ideas refer to the conventional values and conservative ideas that resist legal equality, individual power and nationalism. They support a system that relegates military authority as supreme. On the other hand left wing ideology refers to the rights of the individual and tolerance for other groups, it equates justice and freedom, law and order with equality.
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Political Analysis and Political Philosophy, 2002.
A look at whether the problems of political analysis and political philosophy are distinct.
6,093 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 99.95
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Abstract
Political analysis and political philosophy are two human activities engaged in by men striving to know the world. The problems of political analysis and political philosophy rest on the problems concerning man?s knowledge of the world. The paper shows that such knowledge is the result of attempts to describe, analyze, explain and interpret the actions and beliefs of men as they live in the real, material world. This essay presents an argument against that school which would draw a sharp distinction between two sorts of knowledge, each type being the result of a separate and distinct activity. According to this school, political analysis is concerned solely with the identification and description of political phenomena. The paper explains that the problems of political analysis are, thus, said to be ?scientific? problems, directed towards the discovery of empirically testable scientific ?laws?. This essay shows that, despite its empirical orientation, political analysis is underpinned by a wider set of theoretical perspectives, such that analysis itself reflects elements of the observer?s political philosophy. The paper concludes that political analysis and political philosophy are intimately connected; many of the ?problems? are common to both. Each activity - analysis and philosophy - heightens the level of human knowledge.
From the Paper
"What is presented to the political analyst is a mass of apparently chaotic social phenomena; what Heinrich Rickert calls ?formless matter?. The task of the political analyst is to structure and give order to that part of reality he has chosen to explain. Already we have recognized two crucial problems for political analysis. The first arises from the necessity of selecting specific areas of reality for study. I shall discuss later the way in which a certain limited range of ?problems? present themselves for the political analyst?s particular concern. The problem-field is limited in such a way that the possibilities for different accounts of politics is itself restricted. The task of political analysis is also complicated by the fact that knowledge of the world is not immediately attainable; understanding is mediated through mental constructions and elaborations (language, concepts and constructed arguments) of real, observable situations and events. Thus, Aron says of the methodology of science ?all science is an elaboration or construction of formless matter? (2)."
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Zipf's Law and Benford's Law, 2007.
An analysis of the mathematical significance and applications of Zipf's Law and Benford's Law.
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses both Zipf's Law and Benford's Law. It describes the theories of each law in detail and discusses how they can be applied to various situations. It describes Zipf's Law as not a theoretical law, but rather an experimental law. The paper then discusses the significance of these two laws to the field of mathematics.
From the Paper
"However, there is some lack of precision where this is concerned. Most items have to occur a number of times that is actually an integer (Li, n.d.). In other words, a word that is seen within a document cannot appear in that document 2.5 number of times. It either must appear, in this example, 2 times or three times, since there cannot be an area of the document where only 1/2 of the word appears. Despite the fact that there is some variation and lack of precision, however, when wide ranges are examined and one only desires to have a relatively close approximation, many of the natural phenomena that are seen in this world do obey Zipf's law (Li, n.d.). This is seen to hold true as long as the individual examining the issue is not looking for scientific precision and will accept the slight variation that is seen."
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American Law and Jewish Law, 2003.
Discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha).
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha) in terms of change, obedience and morality. It discusses each legal systems' approach to obeying the law, law and change, and the nexus between law and morality.
From the Paper
"In discussing the idea of law legal scholar Dennis Lloyd stated that contemporary law in Western society is very much the product of influences emanating from the ancient Greeks and Hebrews who individually brought a ..."
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Case Law and Statute Law, 2005.
A theoretical comparison of these two sources of English law.
834 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define the differences between England's common and statute laws. It looks at how the laws are formed as well as their fundamental purpose. It examines how statute is interpreted and acted upon by the courts and how it follows that precedents are formed as new cases arise. It also demonstrates how over time, statute will become part of common law as judges follow previous decisions in new cases where applicable.
From the Paper
"For political bills or proposals to become statute, that is to become Acts of Parliament, they must first be debated in the House of Commons (this is made up of elected representatives of the wider public, Members of Parliament or MPs). However, this is just the start if the process: the proposed legislation must then be accepted by MPs by way of a successful vote and further ratified by acceptance in the House of Lords. The House of Lords is the supreme court in Britain and may refuse to pass the law; but a bill can be forced through using the Parliament Act if such action is deemed necessary for Parliament to fulfil its obligation to make laws in the best interests of the nation. "
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Social Law and Statutory Law, 2006.
An overview of the juvenile justice system in the U.S. and how it deals with juvenile delinquency.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the juvenile justice system in the United States, explaining the reasons why it is separated from the regular crime system and how it is influenced by the political and social conditions of the state. Particular attention is paid to the juvenile justice system in California and how the system has increasingly focused on incarceration rather than rehabilitation. Finally, the paper discusses evidence indicating that mental health services at an early age are highly effective in treating potential juvenile offenders and turning them away from a life of crime.
From the Paper
"The main object of separating the juvenile justice system from the regular crime system had been on the assumption that minors were different from adults in their ability to make decisions and understand consequences, "The juvenile justice system has evolved over the years based on the premise that juveniles are different from adults and juveniles who commit criminal acts generally should be treated differently from adults" (Roberts, 2005). It was observed that the younger the offender, the more likely that a repeat offense would be stopped and a change in behavior would be observed. It was, therefore, thought that youngsters should be given the benefit of the doubt and should not be treated as adult offenders."
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Competency to Stand Trial in American Law and New York Law, 2000.
A brief look at the notion of competency or fitness to stand trial, as the notion has been shaped and changed since the 1960s.
2,235 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 14 sources, £ 48.95
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From the Paper
"The history of the doctrine of competency to stand trial arose in English common law out of a concern for fairness in the trial of accused persons who, if found guilty of criminal charges, would suffer deprivations of liberty and other penalties. One of the earliest United States Supreme Court cases (Dusky v. United States,1960) determined that a defendant's competency to stand trial depended on "whether he has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding" and "whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him"."
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Laws of India, 1990.
This paper discusses the history of law in India emphasizing the ways this legal history has affected India's current political and legal structure: Influence of British law, political structure, constitution and Hindu Codes.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, £ 32.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with the history of law in India, and will emphasize the ways in which that history has affected India's current political and legal structure. The earliest laws in India were grounded in Hinduism, a religious belief which was introduced to the area prior to 2,000 B.C. However, it was not until the first two centuries A.D. that the elements of Hindu law came to be codified in a written text known as Manu Samhita. The next major historical influence on Indian law began in the sixteenth century A.D., with the establishment of the Delhi Government, also known as the Mogul Empire. This government introduced various concepts of Islamic law to the nation. In the late seventeenth century, the East India Company was founded, and thus began the rise of British law in India. The British Empire continued to hold ... "
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Business Law - Issues in Contact and Agency Law, 2008.
The paper discusses the legal issues arising from interpretations of Contract law and Agency law.
1,542 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer describes the case of an individual who entered into two separate legal situations, one contractual and the other relating to Agency law. The writer relates the difficulties that arose during the course of these transactions and of the legal action taken by the individual to gain compensation for alleged losses. The author examines the history of the two disputes and the legal differences between the two cases.
From the Paper
"In Jose's mind, he had accepted the Winnebago owner's final offer to sell the Winnebago for $25,000. According to the Winnebago owner, his original offer was to sell the vehicle for $30,000. When Jose offered $20,000 instead, that was a counteroffer which he rejected immediately. The Winnebago owner had then made a new offer to sell the vehicle to Jose for $25,000 which Jose never accepted, because when Jose responded "OK. If you change your mind, please call me," that was a rejection of his last offer. As of that rejection, the parties no longer had any outstanding offers or counteroffers on the table any longer except for the seller's original published offer of $30,000. Unfortunately for Jose, the lawyer he consulted confirmed the Winnebago owner's point of view and advised Jose to forget about any claim against him for breach of contract (Halbert, 24)."
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Nuremberg Laws vs. Jim Crow Laws, 2008.
A comparison of the practical differences between the Nuremberg Laws in Germany and the Jim Crow Laws in the United States and the racism upon which each of these legal systems was based.
8,467 words (approx. 33.9 pages), 46 sources, APA, £ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the Nuremberg Laws in Germany with the Jim Crow Laws in the United States. It discusses each of these areas of racial regulation in turn and then further examines the subtle distinctions and clear practical differences between the dangerous racism upon which each of these legal systems was based. The paper includes APA style footnotes but does not include a bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Jim Crow Laws in the United States and Nuremberg Laws in Germany
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Similarities in Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws' Regulation of Interracial Relationships and Underlying Legislative Intent
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Contrast within in the Nuremberg and Jim Crow Laws on Interracial Relationships
Segregation in Education: Further Parallels in the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
Segregation in Education: Contrasting Aspects of the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: Similar Laws and Practices Causing "Civil Death" of African-Americans in the United States and Jews in Nazi Germany
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: The Final Solution and the Purely Aryan State, and Further Examples of Where Nuremberg and Jim Crow Differ
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This huge disparity can be best explained by referring back to one of the most predominant differences in the purposes of the racially hierarchical systems in place in each country. The Jim Crow laws were passed because Southern state lawmakers were struggling to protect and preserve the white supremacy that they had always lived with, and prevent African-American advancement as a necessary part of this objective. Yet in Germany, the Nazi party's goal was always the total extermination of all undesirables, including Jews, and the legislative deprivation of citizenship was at least in some respects merely a means to that end. Finally, to go along with this fundamental difference, there is one last similarity between the racial laws of these countries: the painful memories of both the Holocaust and the Jim Crow era, and all of the violations of rights, liberties and freedoms that comprised both of these experiences, are certainly still fresh in the recollection of all nations involved, and are still highly prominent historical issues today even as those who lived through these events are increasingly no longer with us."
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