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Law and Order, 2002.
An analysis of law and order in America.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper is a summary and analysis of an article in "The Times" focusing on the law and order of society in the U.S..
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"Law and Order", 2002.
An examination of the popular NBC television series "Law and Order".
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at this popular series which emerged in 1990 and combined two television staples--the police drama and the courtroom drama. The writer examines why the show is so popular and what makes the characters and events so appealing to a TV audience. It also looks at what messages the show attempts to portray.
From the Paper
"After viewing virtually all 200-some shows produced so far, an observer would find that the show has a pattern which is reflected in the two-part structure noted above--the police investigate the crime in the first half, and the district attorney prosecutes the person arrested in the second half. This pattern is occasionally given a slightly different treatment, as in one case which covered three episodes instead of one, or as in a case where an investigation was conducted into a decade-old homicide because of new evidence. Often, the two contingents come into contact with one another, with the police acting as witnesses, or with the district attorney's office asking for more evidence or a follow-up of some kind. What is most important in the show is the verisimilitude--the police plod along asking questions and do not indulge in heroics; and the district attorneys follow established legal practice and conduct trials as they would be in a real courtroom as far as possible."
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Zipf's Law and Benford's Law, 2007.
An analysis of the mathematical significance and applications of Zipf's Law and Benford's Law.
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses both Zipf's Law and Benford's Law. It describes the theories of each law in detail and discusses how they can be applied to various situations. It describes Zipf's Law as not a theoretical law, but rather an experimental law. The paper then discusses the significance of these two laws to the field of mathematics.
From the Paper
"However, there is some lack of precision where this is concerned. Most items have to occur a number of times that is actually an integer (Li, n.d.). In other words, a word that is seen within a document cannot appear in that document 2.5 number of times. It either must appear, in this example, 2 times or three times, since there cannot be an area of the document where only 1/2 of the word appears. Despite the fact that there is some variation and lack of precision, however, when wide ranges are examined and one only desires to have a relatively close approximation, many of the natural phenomena that are seen in this world do obey Zipf's law (Li, n.d.). This is seen to hold true as long as the individual examining the issue is not looking for scientific precision and will accept the slight variation that is seen."
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American Law and Jewish Law, 2003.
Discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha).
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha) in terms of change, obedience and morality. It discusses each legal systems' approach to obeying the law, law and change, and the nexus between law and morality.
From the Paper
"In discussing the idea of law legal scholar Dennis Lloyd stated that contemporary law in Western society is very much the product of influences emanating from the ancient Greeks and Hebrews who individually brought a ..."
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Case Law and Statute Law, 2005.
A theoretical comparison of these two sources of English law.
834 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define the differences between England's common and statute laws. It looks at how the laws are formed as well as their fundamental purpose. It examines how statute is interpreted and acted upon by the courts and how it follows that precedents are formed as new cases arise. It also demonstrates how over time, statute will become part of common law as judges follow previous decisions in new cases where applicable.
From the Paper
"For political bills or proposals to become statute, that is to become Acts of Parliament, they must first be debated in the House of Commons (this is made up of elected representatives of the wider public, Members of Parliament or MPs). However, this is just the start if the process: the proposed legislation must then be accepted by MPs by way of a successful vote and further ratified by acceptance in the House of Lords. The House of Lords is the supreme court in Britain and may refuse to pass the law; but a bill can be forced through using the Parliament Act if such action is deemed necessary for Parliament to fulfil its obligation to make laws in the best interests of the nation. "
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Social Law and Statutory Law, 2006.
An overview of the juvenile justice system in the U.S. and how it deals with juvenile delinquency.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the juvenile justice system in the United States, explaining the reasons why it is separated from the regular crime system and how it is influenced by the political and social conditions of the state. Particular attention is paid to the juvenile justice system in California and how the system has increasingly focused on incarceration rather than rehabilitation. Finally, the paper discusses evidence indicating that mental health services at an early age are highly effective in treating potential juvenile offenders and turning them away from a life of crime.
From the Paper
"The main object of separating the juvenile justice system from the regular crime system had been on the assumption that minors were different from adults in their ability to make decisions and understand consequences, "The juvenile justice system has evolved over the years based on the premise that juveniles are different from adults and juveniles who commit criminal acts generally should be treated differently from adults" (Roberts, 2005). It was observed that the younger the offender, the more likely that a repeat offense would be stopped and a change in behavior would be observed. It was, therefore, thought that youngsters should be given the benefit of the doubt and should not be treated as adult offenders."
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Competency to Stand Trial in American Law and New York Law, 2000.
A brief look at the notion of competency or fitness to stand trial, as the notion has been shaped and changed since the 1960s.
2,235 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 14 sources, £ 48.95
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From the Paper
"The history of the doctrine of competency to stand trial arose in English common law out of a concern for fairness in the trial of accused persons who, if found guilty of criminal charges, would suffer deprivations of liberty and other penalties. One of the earliest United States Supreme Court cases (Dusky v. United States,1960) determined that a defendant's competency to stand trial depended on "whether he has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding" and "whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him"."
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Social Order and the Justice System, 2008.
This paper explores the maintenance of law, order and democracy within the justice system.
1,523 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper refers to the book "Why People Obey the Law" by Tom R. Tyler, which addresses the writings of various authorities who question the tie between law, democracy, government policy and behavior. The paper shows how the theories of government are crucial to the successful administration of public policies and the compliance of the people to the law. The paper discusses how the public tends to resist overly exercised deterrent measures but, if there is trust that the judges administer justice equally, the public adheres to the law willingly.
From the Paper
"Laws were designed to control public behavior. There are many theories of how compliance with the law can be achieved, but most use threats or the use of punishment. The idea of deterrence, Tyler points out, has been widely utilized since the 1980s and has remained the predominant way social order has been maintained into the twenty-first century. The values of the normal populace are based upon voluntary deference to authority, because doing so is part of their obligation to and respect for their leaders. However, the way that a local government manages social order among its residents does not apply to how nations might maintain social order among other nations in the world, which is something the U.S. has had to contend with this century."
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Business Law - Issues in Contact and Agency Law, 2008.
The paper discusses the legal issues arising from interpretations of Contract law and Agency law.
1,542 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer describes the case of an individual who entered into two separate legal situations, one contractual and the other relating to Agency law. The writer relates the difficulties that arose during the course of these transactions and of the legal action taken by the individual to gain compensation for alleged losses. The author examines the history of the two disputes and the legal differences between the two cases.
From the Paper
"In Jose's mind, he had accepted the Winnebago owner's final offer to sell the Winnebago for $25,000. According to the Winnebago owner, his original offer was to sell the vehicle for $30,000. When Jose offered $20,000 instead, that was a counteroffer which he rejected immediately. The Winnebago owner had then made a new offer to sell the vehicle to Jose for $25,000 which Jose never accepted, because when Jose responded "OK. If you change your mind, please call me," that was a rejection of his last offer. As of that rejection, the parties no longer had any outstanding offers or counteroffers on the table any longer except for the seller's original published offer of $30,000. Unfortunately for Jose, the lawyer he consulted confirmed the Winnebago owner's point of view and advised Jose to forget about any claim against him for breach of contract (Halbert, 24)."
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Nuremberg Laws vs. Jim Crow Laws, 2008.
A comparison of the practical differences between the Nuremberg Laws in Germany and the Jim Crow Laws in the United States and the racism upon which each of these legal systems was based.
8,467 words (approx. 33.9 pages), 46 sources, APA, £ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the Nuremberg Laws in Germany with the Jim Crow Laws in the United States. It discusses each of these areas of racial regulation in turn and then further examines the subtle distinctions and clear practical differences between the dangerous racism upon which each of these legal systems was based. The paper includes APA style footnotes but does not include a bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Jim Crow Laws in the United States and Nuremberg Laws in Germany
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Similarities in Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws' Regulation of Interracial Relationships and Underlying Legislative Intent
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Contrast within in the Nuremberg and Jim Crow Laws on Interracial Relationships
Segregation in Education: Further Parallels in the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
Segregation in Education: Contrasting Aspects of the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: Similar Laws and Practices Causing "Civil Death" of African-Americans in the United States and Jews in Nazi Germany
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: The Final Solution and the Purely Aryan State, and Further Examples of Where Nuremberg and Jim Crow Differ
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This huge disparity can be best explained by referring back to one of the most predominant differences in the purposes of the racially hierarchical systems in place in each country. The Jim Crow laws were passed because Southern state lawmakers were struggling to protect and preserve the white supremacy that they had always lived with, and prevent African-American advancement as a necessary part of this objective. Yet in Germany, the Nazi party's goal was always the total extermination of all undesirables, including Jews, and the legislative deprivation of citizenship was at least in some respects merely a means to that end. Finally, to go along with this fundamental difference, there is one last similarity between the racial laws of these countries: the painful memories of both the Holocaust and the Jim Crow era, and all of the violations of rights, liberties and freedoms that comprised both of these experiences, are certainly still fresh in the recollection of all nations involved, and are still highly prominent historical issues today even as those who lived through these events are increasingly no longer with us."
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Controlling Terrorism, 2004.
An examination of the balance between maintaining law and order and the controlling of terrorism.
2,301 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, in order to create a balance between terrorism and law and order, we must put into place certain limits, jurisdictions, and blocks that will ensure that governments cannot react emotionally when under terrorist attack. It argues that the law enforcement agencies should be allowed to act under global legislation and must be held accountable under the same.
From the Paper
"A suicide bomber in Palestine, a bomb blast in Spain, a government sponsored assassination by Israel, a sniper in the US, illegal detention of civilians under suspicion, in Cuba, a chemical gas attack in Japan are all examples of violence and yet, some are deemed acts of terrorism while others acts to contain terrorism. This blending of the two has become so complete that the world no longer knows when to protest and when to remain silent."
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Local Law Enforcement of Immigration Laws, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial topic of illegal immigration.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the problem of illegal immigration into the USA. According to the paper, recent attempts to address the issue through local enforcement may have unsuspecting consequences and a negative impact on the Latino communities.
From the Paper
"According to critics, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 led to the legalization of vast numbers of undocumented immigrants as a means of reducing unsanctioned immigration, however its main effect was to reinforce and expand established cross-border migration networks and create a thriving business in fraudulent documents (Nevins). These unintended consequences laid the foundation for the anti-immigration backlash that eventually emerged during the 1990's, partially due to political and bureaucratic entrepreneurs who sparked public sentiment by focusing on the border as both the source of the problem and the site of policy solution (Nevins). Others argue that the backlash was not merely against illegal immigrants, but was rather directed against immigrants in general, particularly "the nonwhite, non-English speaking, and the relatively poor" (Nevins). These concerns resulted in a declaration of "war" against unauthorized immigrants which led to a short-term shift in INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) policing tactics along the Mexico-U.S. border and to the massive infusion of enforcement-related resources, such as California's Operation Gatekeeper (Nevins). "
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Military Assistance To The 1992 Los Angeles Riots, 2002.
Examines the function of U.S. Armed Forces to provide military assistance to civilian authorities in restoring law and order in domestic civil disturbances as a last resort.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, £ 38.95
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Abstract
Function of U.S. Armed Forces to provide military assistance to civilian authorities in restoring law and order in domestic civil distrubances as a last resort. Legal considerations. Examines appropriateness of the military response in Los Angeles, California; its implementation, shortcomings, effective results. Socio-economic issues involved. Loss of control by LAPD.
From the Paper
"MILITARY ASSISTANCE & CIVIL DISTURBANCES: LOS ANGELES RIOTS CASE
A. Identification of the Appropriate Military Response to Civil Disturbances Based on Doctrine and Which Organization Should Accomplish This Response. United States armed forces have traditionally been available to provide military assistance to civilian authorities (MACDIS or MACA) in restoring law and order in domestic civil disturbances. However, under Department of Defense (DOD) Directive Number 3025.12, 4 Feb 1994 (1994 Directive) and its 1991 predecessor, the armed forces renders MACDIS only as a last resort where its "use . . . is necessary to prevent the loss of life or wanton destruction of property, or to restore governmental functioning and public order" and when "duly constituted local authorities are unable to control the situation" (sec. 4.2.2.1). Sec. 4.1.3 provides that "the primary ..."
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Law and Authority, 2005.
This paper provides an historical examination of the Canadian legal system.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 4 sources, £ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the wellsprings of power and authority and delves into an examination of concepts such as "Law and Order," "Rule of Law" and "Constitutional Order". Among other things, the paper notes that deference towards the law by nineteenth century Canadians was not as pronounced as commonly supposed and that nineteenth century conceptions of the proper constitutional order were far different than those of today.
From the Paper
"Concepts such as the "Rule of Law," "Law and Order" and "Constitutional Order" are very much at the heart of the Anglo-American, Canadian legal system. This paper will examine these ideas and their relationship to the broader notions of order and authority. As will become clear, there remains a great deal of ambiguity surrounding the extent to which earlier generations of Canadians embraced the legitimacy and primacy of written law - the formal "rules" of Canadian society if you will - and its chief interpreters (judges and lawyers). On one hand, there is evidence of the written law and its most erudite interpreters being elevated to a position of pre-eminence within society - at least in Tina Loo's depiction of nineteenth century British Columbia."
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