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Law Enforcement vs. International Terrorism, 2005.
This in-depth paper analyzes the changing role of law enforcement administrators and agencies around the world in the face increasing global terrorism.
5,449 words (approx. 21.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 92.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper opens with a comprehensive and historic look into both the American and British law enforcement agencies. The writer of this paper traces the origins of the British Sheriff's office back to the Norman Conquest which took place in 1066. This paper delves into the significant increase of international terrorism while focusing on the effectiveness of various law enforcement agencies in America and around the world in combating this growing problem. This paper discusses the views and opinions of several historians regarding the increase and decrease of crime and terror from the medieval times and up to the present. The writer of this paper examines specific historic events and their resulting impact on global terrorism including the fall of the Soviet Union, the Cold War and the 9/11 terror attacks. This paper analyzes the manner in which the Bush Administration moved to establish additional intelligence and enforcement cooperation among the existing agencies in order to more effectively face terrorist threats such as al-Qaida. This paper contains detailed and in-depth historical facts and dates relevant to this particular topic. This paper also examines the manner in which recent advancements and progress in technology are assisting law enforcement agencies around the world to thwart off potential threats of terror.
From the Paper
"Various historians have offered various different reasons for the unexpected decrease in the crime rate during the comparatively modern times, and there were some who assumed that perhaps it was industrialization and urbanization and modernization that contributed to this phenomenon. There were some other scholars and researchers who theorized that in actuality crime had not diminished, but had in fact shifted form bodily assaults that were popular in those times, to crimes that were more or less closely related to property, which also indicated that the nature of crime had shifted from an innate scarcity and paucity, to a greater prosperity as well as a free availability of material goods and possessions during modern times. There is also another form of opinion, which states that the decrease in crime seemed to have happened irrespective of industrialization and urbanization."
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International Terrorism, 2007.
This paper examines what international terrorism is and its manifestations throughout the years.
3,024 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a definition of terrorism and explains that international terrorism is intended to be on a broader scale, with largely recognized targets so as to capture the attention of the world community. The paper brings September 11, 2001 as a vivid example. The paper discusses how international terrorism has grown with modern communication and technology. The paper looks at terrorism in the late 1960s, in South America, in Vietnam and in the 1970s. The paper concludes by explaining how international terrorism is distinguished by three distinctive characteristics.
Outline:
Introduction
The Late 1960s
South America
Vietnam
The Cold War Era of the United States and Russia
The 1970s
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Acts of international terrorism can be traced as far back as 1931, with the first documented hijacking of an airline passenger jet in Peru. However, depending upon how you define "international terrorism," international terrorism might be traced even further back, during the Christian crusades in the Holy Land. There was, too, the French Revolution, which was preceded by acts of violence committed by covert agents of change. The American Revolution was effectuated in large part by covert agents acting against British law and authority and perpetrating acts of violence against the British soldiers."
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Law Enforcement, 2008.
This paper discusses the importance of a well-defined classification system within the field of law enforcement.
986 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that classifications serve many purposes for different agencies and organizations and fields, including law enforcement. Classification is a tool that, when used correctly, can help agencies devote time to critical matters efficiently. Classification provides agencies the ability to assign cases or problems to specific classes and people that provide expert advice and direction within those fields. The writer points out that this is an important consideration, especially with regard to the fields of law and law enforcement. The writer maintains that without a well-defined classification system within the field of law enforcement, too many cases might be overlooked or lumped into inappropriate categories, resulting in improper investigation or lack of follow up. The writer concludes that because there is so much potential for proper and efficient law enforcement when categories and sub-categories are specialized, it is critical that law enforcement agencies consider and review their classification system regularly.
Outline:
Classification Overview
Classification in Law Enforcement
Purposes of Classes & Sub-Classes in Law Enforcement
Reasons for Classification in Law Enforcement
Classification by System
From the Paper
"The role of the researcher in a law enforcement sub-category of social services may serve as a lecturer, offering information to organizations or companies about fields of interest in social work. The role of the head of the department may include supervising the work of field experts and monitoring progress, as well as assigning cases to specific experts in the social work sub-category of the classification of Social Work under law enforcement. Professional staff may also serve in the social work classification field under direction of one of the researchers or the head of the law enforcement agency; the role of this staff member may be administrative. This suggests an administrative officer working under the social work classification in law enforcement will help the department manage family law cases, including reports of abuse or recommendations regarding incarceration of related family or other information."
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Deadly Force and the Law Enforcement Agents, 2002.
This paper examines the use of deadly force by law enforcement agents and concludes that law enforcement?s recourse to deadly force where necessary should not be significantly reduced.
1,175 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates both sides of the issue about the use of deadly force by law enforcement agents by using a formal logic format of two premises and a conclusion. This paper states that suing every cop who uses deadly force or disarming law enforcement altogether is not the answer to problems that attend the use of deadly force. The author concludes that there is compelling evidence that law enforcement organizations have been conscientious in recent years about developing an ethos of public protection and service and firearm safety. Annotated Bibliography.
From the Paper
"Such attitudes and trends help explain why police personnel are increasingly at risk. Police are put in the position of continually second-guessing themselves in the matter of use of deadly force. This means that law-enforcement effectiveness can suffer, which can further erode public safety and make respect for the law an irrelevant social proposition."
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International Terrorism and the United Nations, 2002.
The role of the UN in combating international terrorism.
2,275 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 5 sources, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the United Nations has played a leading role in the 1990s to deal with the reality of international terror. This paper addresses various situations in which the United Nations acted upon terrorism attacks. Another point addressed in this paper is the extra resources that the United Nations bring to the table that deters terrorism to a point.
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International Terrorism: An Analysis, 2006.
A definition and brief history of international terrorism.
2,389 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper quotes several expert sources on the topic of terrorism and uses these sources to provide a definition of terrorism, a look at its origins and objectives and a look at its advantages. The paper also explains terrorism's links with communist totalitarianism and Islamic radicalism and describes terrorism's effects on the security of Europe. Furthermore, the paper takes a look at the future problems associated with terrorism and possible methods for dealing with terrorism.
From the Paper
"Terrorism also addresses goals, whether these goals are motivated by political, religious or ideological objectives. The essence of terrorism is the intent to induce fear in someone other than its victims to make a government or other audience change its political behavior."
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Local Law Enforcement of Immigration Laws, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial topic of illegal immigration.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the problem of illegal immigration into the USA. According to the paper, recent attempts to address the issue through local enforcement may have unsuspecting consequences and a negative impact on the Latino communities.
From the Paper
"According to critics, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 led to the legalization of vast numbers of undocumented immigrants as a means of reducing unsanctioned immigration, however its main effect was to reinforce and expand established cross-border migration networks and create a thriving business in fraudulent documents (Nevins). These unintended consequences laid the foundation for the anti-immigration backlash that eventually emerged during the 1990's, partially due to political and bureaucratic entrepreneurs who sparked public sentiment by focusing on the border as both the source of the problem and the site of policy solution (Nevins). Others argue that the backlash was not merely against illegal immigrants, but was rather directed against immigrants in general, particularly "the nonwhite, non-English speaking, and the relatively poor" (Nevins). These concerns resulted in a declaration of "war" against unauthorized immigrants which led to a short-term shift in INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) policing tactics along the Mexico-U.S. border and to the massive infusion of enforcement-related resources, such as California's Operation Gatekeeper (Nevins). "
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Law Enforcement Ethics, 2002.
A paper which discusses the importance of law enforcement officers to work with responsibility and commitment, within the ethical boundaries defined by society.
911 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that in order to keep the law and order situation of the society under control, it is necessary for the law enforcement agencies to establish efficient and effective guidelines for law enforcement. It shows too, however, that it is also important to consider the ethical perspectives before making any decision in this regard. The primary responsibility of the law enforcement agencies is to work for the benefit of the society and serve the community. In this regard, they are responsible for protecting the citizens from criminal activities and keep the environment peaceful. The paper discusses how effective law enforcement ensures the security of lives and properties of the citizens and safeguards their individual liberty and rights. In addition to this, the law enforcement agencies should make sure that their actions and policies are in conformance to the ethical standards of the society and do not violate any ethical or moral principle.
From the Paper
"It is also important to note that the law enforcement officials should be trustworthy, responsible, fair and should respect each and every member of the society regardless of his or her race, religion or ethnic origin. He or she should be honest with his or her job and should completely fulfill his or her obligations. In addition to this, he should be responsible enough to keep his promises and to fulfill his commitments. Another important aspect to be kept in mind, while serving as a law enforcement officer, is that he or she should respect the individual liberty of every individual and treat the citizens fairly regardless of their race, ethnicity or religion. Moreover, they should keep a considerably high level of tolerance and should patiently deal with individuals who are either not willing to cooperate with them or are trying to abuse them."
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International Terrorism, 2007.
A discussion of the reasons behind terrorism.
2,033 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to take an even-handed approach to understanding international terrorism. The author presents three examples of terrorism and shows why an organization would resort to terrorist activities. The types of terrorism discussed by the paper include ideological terrorism, terrorism for the liberation of an oppressed minority and state sponsored terrorism. The author concludes that international terrorism is motivated by an organization's inability to use traditional, accepted, and legitimate channels of activity to accomplish the political, ideological, or religious goals of the group.
From the Paper
"An example of ideological terrorism, the Baader-Meinhof group in Germany became a leading left wing group in West Germany. As West Germany was dominated by United States notions of democracy, the left wing Red Army Faction was thus going against the grain of society. Described by government forces as a terrorist group, it saw itself a military group who was forced to rely on urban guerilla tactics to achieve their aim. The roots of the organization were those who were originally students, but the opposition grew as Communism was outlawed and many ex-Nazi right-wingers came to assume political office. This growing threat of right wing influences in the government motivated the youth as did a series of inciting events including a death of a student, shot by a member of the military. The rising tension led to a strong left opposition and a right counter-response which led to the formation of the Red Army Faction. After training with the PLO, the Red Army Faction returned to stop the urban imperialistic course of Germany instigating a series of bank robberies and arson attacks. The actions of the Red Army faction culminated in the German Autumn in 1977 in which there were substantial amounts of deaths, an important hi-jacking with Arab ties, and the ultimately resulted in the death of many of the key members of the Baader-Meinhof Group. This time was a time of fear among Germans after World War II. The objectives were never clear, but the group was in opposition to the right wing tendencies of West German and was in support of a more leftist government. Thus it was an ideological war being fought that resulted in failure as there was fear, but not substantial gains made by the Red Army Faction. "
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Pursuing Criminal Justice through Law Enforcement, 2008.
An analysis of current practices within law enforcement that demonstrate justice within the American judicial system.
2,124 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses possible definitions of justice in its relation to law enforcement. It particularly discusses how criminal justice is connected to the idea of due process. The paper then focuses on current practices within law enforcement that demonstrate justice. The paper argues that policies and practices created to increase public order or individual rights are frequently seen to diminish that which they were put in place to protect. Finally, the paper discusses how justice as it applies to law enforcement in America has changed since the advent of September 11, 2001 and the direction it will take in the future.
Table of Contents:
Current Practices Demonstrating Justice
Community Policing
Miranda Law
Cross-agency Cooperation
Changes following September 11th
USA Patriot Act
Department of Homeland Security
Airport Security
Future Challenges
Consequences of the Patriot Act
Funding
Racial Profiling
Prediction for Law Enforcement
From the Paper
"Rapidly expanding technologies, including computer networking, the Internet, wireless services of all kinds, and simple access to relatively anonymous forms of electronic communication, signal a new era for the American justice system and more importantly, law enforcement. On the other hand, law enforcement access to high-technology investigative tools has produced enormous amounts of information on crimes and suspects, and the use of innovative investigative tools are beginning to shape many of the practical aspects of the 21st century criminal justice system. Sadly, in my opinion, the criminal justice system of the future will look much like the system we know today."
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Law Enforcement Agencies, 2002.
The paper applies various business theories to the running of law enforcement agencies.
1,620 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by discussing the concept of decentralized management, looking at its advantage for organizations in the corporate sector, at the reasons why it does not improve the situation of law enforcement agencies, and at the importance of good leadership. Next, the paper focuses on organizational communication. It discusses how a lack of this communication can affect efficiency and productivity and looks at this problem within the running of law enforcement agencies, focusing on inefficiencies in the criminal justice department. Finally, the paper explores problem solving, looking at the attempt by law enforcement agencies to identify and resolve problems. Crime analysis is discussed, and the SARA (Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment) approach is explained. The paper concludes with a look at successful problem solving implementation by various law enforcement agencies.
From the Paper
"Decentralized management is the buzzword these days, as it is believed that centralized management structures no longer produce positive results. It has been noticed that decentralization paves way for more autonomy among various units and leads to employee empowerment, one thing that has been the cornerstone of productivity in the 21st century. But does decentralized management really works in all types of organizations. That is not exactly true. While the corporate sector reaps the benefits of decentralized environment where various departments and units maintain almost complete autonomy and thus have control over decision-making process, law enforcement agencies have failed to extract the best out of this system of management. In the latter, it has actually resulted in more corruption and less accountability."
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Law Enforcement, 2008.
A literature review of the role of law enforcement in emergency management situations.
3,753 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 71.95
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Abstract
This study presents an overview of some of the important literature on the subject of law enforcement's role in an emergency situation. Because the role that law enforcement plays in these types of situations can be so varied, it is important from a policy perspective to consider the relevant analysis of the subject in order to develop a clearer grasp of what effective roles law enforcement agencies can play in an emergency management situation. The examination reveals what, if any, consensus exists on the matter of the role that law enforcement agencies should take in an emergency management situation.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The existing literature on the question of law enforcement's role in emergency management is quite varied. This can be attributed in large part to the reality that emergency management situations can be incredibly varied and present demands to law enforcement agencies that are quite different from one incident to the next. For instance, the pressures placed on law enforcement agencies during the mitigation of a terrorist attack will be quite different from said agency's responses to a natural disaster, to a HAZMAT incident, or to a public health emergency. Despite these differences in circumstances, common themes emerge throughout the literature that suggests that law enforcement's role will be an extension of its traditional roles in protecting life and property in non-emergency management situations. "
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International Terrorism, 2006.
This paper looks at how, in order to fight terrorism and prevent acts of terrorism, we must create a comprehensive definition of terrorism.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 5 sources, £ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the problem in creating a comprehensive definition of terrorism, noting that defining terrorism more clearly is a beginning point for further discussion. How the term is defined can determine what solutions are offered. International terrorism creates particular problems because what is seen as terrorism in one context or by one particular observer may not be seen that way by another.
From the Paper
"Terrorism is a label for various forms of political violence directed at a civilian population by a non-military group trying to spread terror in order to force some political end. Americans more and more use the term as short-hand for attacks by Muslim groups, but terrorism around the world may have nothing to do with a specific religious group or political structure at all. The target of terrorism has often been the West, but terrorism can be directed at any regime that some group wants to influence. The approach taken is to frighten the populace in order to force the government to capitulate to some demand, even to the extent of demanding a complete change not merely of leadership but of the very form of government and of political ideology."
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International Law vs. Terrorism, 2005.
A look at how international law has become faced with the new challenge of terrorism.
3,125 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
How do terrorist threats challenge the current international legal framework? Should the current framework of international humanitarian law be altered? This paper reviews existing international law, challenges to those laws, how countries have responded to terrorism vis-a-vis the implementation of new laws, the justifications used by countries to side-step existing laws, and more.
From the Paper
"In the event that national courts prefer not to assume the role of investigating and prosecuting criminals connected with terrorist acts, other jurisdictions may become involved. One, the Security Council of the UN, under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, "has broad powers to take measures for international peace and security." Also, there is the International Court of Justice (ICJ), a court associated with the United Nations, and the International Criminal Court (ICC). According to its charter statement - the "Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court" - this court was set up on July 17, 1998, by a coalition of 120 states participating in the "United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court.""
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