| Papers [1-14] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 8] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 —> | Search results on "LAW ECONOMICS ZONING": |
|
|
Law and Economics and Zoning, 2006.
An examination of zoning and how it affects economics.
2,111 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the economic perception of zoning as somehow infringing on the rights of property owners and indirectly interfering with the free market. It explains that some researchers disagree with this perception and say that the primary criticisms directed towards zoning are that zoning is unfair to some property owners to a greater degree than others and therefore inherently biased, and that zoning adds unnecessary and often excessive transaction costs that in effect are economic externals. The writer notes that not having any controls on the economic development of a region would result in commercial activity being developed in or near residential neighborhoods that would negatively impact housing values of all the surrounding neighborhoods. The writer believes that zoning is in itself useful and necessary but there should be a bargaining element introduced that removes sole decisive power from the municipality to one degree or another. The writer concludes that currently there is no alternative to any zoning decision made by municipalities and this is not necessarily good either.
From the Paper
"Many economists consider zoning a response to population growth and specifically urban sprawl in that zoning can be considered a solution to these problems relative to land use issues. Zoning is essentially an extension of political control over the development process within communities. Political controls over land use manifested through zoning laws are in place in every province of Canada and, in many cases, rationalized through environmental reasons or, conversely, are used to indicate that public utilities or services do not have the ability to service additional development in a given area."
| |
|
India's Special Economic Zones (SEZ), 2007.
This paper is an economic analysis of the special economic zones (SEZ) in India.
3,785 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 72.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper traces the history of performance of SEZs and evaluates their contribution to India's economic growth with reference to the creation of employment opportunities, growth in exports and imports and value addition for the common people. The author assesses the justification for continuing with the SEZs in India and sets the criteria for ensuring their success in achieving the objectives for which they are created and to avoid the phenomenon, which has come to be termed as 'developmental terrorism'. The paper states that issues of availability of infrastructure, quality of infrastructure, governance issues and labor laws are the most important factors responsible for unsatisfactory working of the SEZs in India. The paper includes many tables and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Objectives of SEZ
The Constraints
From the Paper
"The mean realization ratio is only 34.84% with a standard deviation of 15.65%. The highest realization ratio has been only 59.46% in 2001 of the total approved equity investments and a minimum of 17.32% in 1992. Although the percentage realization is increasing year after year, but this is highly insufficient. Burdensome procedures contribute to discouragement of FDI. For example, registering a new firm in Australia takes 2 days, but 203 days in Haiti. Similarly, a basic bankruptcy procedure takes less than a year in Singapore, but 10 years in India."
| |
|
New York City?s Zoning and Setback Laws, 2004.
This paper discusses the history of the use of zoning and setback laws that shape New York City and its architecture.
1,670 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that New York City was the first community in the nation to institute a zoning ordinance, the New York 1916 Zoning Resolution, to establish specific height and setback controls on all buildings in an attempt to create a barrier that would stop manufacturing and industry from encroaching on Manhattan's office and department store district. The author points out that New York had the unique problem of skyscrapers blocking sunlight; therefore, the zoning ordinance laid down rules that buildings would forever be shaped similarly to a wedding cake, layered toward the top in like a stair-step method. The paper explains that newer zoning requirements must take into consideration the idea of environmental and resident protection, social and economic well-being, and the use of natural resources, such as ponds and wildlife habitats.
From the Paper
"There were attempts by newly disgruntled landowners, those who were zoned out of profits, to try to label the new zoning ordinances as unconstitutional. One specific case set the precedence for the rest of the country. In a small town in Ohio, the local government passed a zoning ordinance and the result devalued some sixty-eight acres of land that was owned by an Ambler Realty Company. Ambler Realty Company subsequently sued the town Euclid because they claimed that their land was literally taken and that the zoning ordinance was in violation of the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Ambler Realty Company?s argument was the literal interpretation of the Constitution, which says that private property cannot be revoked for public use unless the party revoking the land provides due or just compensation."
| |
|
Zipf's Law and Benford's Law, 2007.
An analysis of the mathematical significance and applications of Zipf's Law and Benford's Law.
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper addresses both Zipf's Law and Benford's Law. It describes the theories of each law in detail and discusses how they can be applied to various situations. It describes Zipf's Law as not a theoretical law, but rather an experimental law. The paper then discusses the significance of these two laws to the field of mathematics.
From the Paper
"However, there is some lack of precision where this is concerned. Most items have to occur a number of times that is actually an integer (Li, n.d.). In other words, a word that is seen within a document cannot appear in that document 2.5 number of times. It either must appear, in this example, 2 times or three times, since there cannot be an area of the document where only 1/2 of the word appears. Despite the fact that there is some variation and lack of precision, however, when wide ranges are examined and one only desires to have a relatively close approximation, many of the natural phenomena that are seen in this world do obey Zipf's law (Li, n.d.). This is seen to hold true as long as the individual examining the issue is not looking for scientific precision and will accept the slight variation that is seen."
| |
|
American Law and Jewish Law, 2003.
Discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha).
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 54.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha) in terms of change, obedience and morality. It discusses each legal systems' approach to obeying the law, law and change, and the nexus between law and morality.
From the Paper
"In discussing the idea of law legal scholar Dennis Lloyd stated that contemporary law in Western society is very much the product of influences emanating from the ancient Greeks and Hebrews who individually brought a ..."
| |
|
Case Law and Statute Law, 2005.
A theoretical comparison of these two sources of English law.
834 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper attempts to define the differences between England's common and statute laws. It looks at how the laws are formed as well as their fundamental purpose. It examines how statute is interpreted and acted upon by the courts and how it follows that precedents are formed as new cases arise. It also demonstrates how over time, statute will become part of common law as judges follow previous decisions in new cases where applicable.
From the Paper
"For political bills or proposals to become statute, that is to become Acts of Parliament, they must first be debated in the House of Commons (this is made up of elected representatives of the wider public, Members of Parliament or MPs). However, this is just the start if the process: the proposed legislation must then be accepted by MPs by way of a successful vote and further ratified by acceptance in the House of Lords. The House of Lords is the supreme court in Britain and may refuse to pass the law; but a bill can be forced through using the Parliament Act if such action is deemed necessary for Parliament to fulfil its obligation to make laws in the best interests of the nation. "
| |
|
Competency to Stand Trial in American Law and New York Law, 2000.
A brief look at the notion of competency or fitness to stand trial, as the notion has been shaped and changed since the 1960s.
2,235 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 14 sources, £ 48.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"The history of the doctrine of competency to stand trial arose in English common law out of a concern for fairness in the trial of accused persons who, if found guilty of criminal charges, would suffer deprivations of liberty and other penalties. One of the earliest United States Supreme Court cases (Dusky v. United States,1960) determined that a defendant's competency to stand trial depended on "whether he has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding" and "whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him"."
| |
|
Social Law and Statutory Law, 2006.
An overview of the juvenile justice system in the U.S. and how it deals with juvenile delinquency.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 23.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the juvenile justice system in the United States, explaining the reasons why it is separated from the regular crime system and how it is influenced by the political and social conditions of the state. Particular attention is paid to the juvenile justice system in California and how the system has increasingly focused on incarceration rather than rehabilitation. Finally, the paper discusses evidence indicating that mental health services at an early age are highly effective in treating potential juvenile offenders and turning them away from a life of crime.
From the Paper
"The main object of separating the juvenile justice system from the regular crime system had been on the assumption that minors were different from adults in their ability to make decisions and understand consequences, "The juvenile justice system has evolved over the years based on the premise that juveniles are different from adults and juveniles who commit criminal acts generally should be treated differently from adults" (Roberts, 2005). It was observed that the younger the offender, the more likely that a repeat offense would be stopped and a change in behavior would be observed. It was, therefore, thought that youngsters should be given the benefit of the doubt and should not be treated as adult offenders."
| |
|
Economic Development and Enterprise Zones, 2008.
An analysis of the purpose and implications of enterprise zones and minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise programs in North Carolina.
1,349 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 31.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the implications of economic development, particularly in the form of enterprise zones. The paper defines enterprise zones and discusses their purpose, and focuses on the strengthening of enterprise zones in the state of North Carolina. The paper also looks at the cost benefit analysis and the incentives for the government to set up th development programs in the form of minority, women and disadvantaged business enterprise (MWDBE) programs. Finally, the paper looks at the ethical consequences associated with the programs.
Table of Contents:
Enterprise Zones
Enterprise Zone and Economic Development
Cost Benefit Analysis
Incentives
Ethical Consequences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The city of Charlotte focuses consistently on the needs of the community and the ethical standards that are essential in evaluating programs and the populations that those programs affect ("City", 2006, p. 14). In some locations the economic development initiatives that have been attempted through the creation of enterprise zones have not been affective because of the government's willingness to bend rules regarding enterprise zone policies and support wealthy business owners. Yet, in North Carolina this issue was alleviated with the changes in the policies associated with enterprise zones in 1999. It is for this reason that it is evident that the inclusion of MWBDE businesses within enterprise zones in North Carolina would be handled with the utmost ethical considerations, leading to a successful partnership between enterprise zones and the disadvantaged businesses in the zone areas."
| |
|
Zoning in NYC, 2002.
An examination of the zoning laws in New York City and some of the hurdles faced when trying to implement them.
958 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 23.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses the logic and reason behind zoning laws - whereby the City Planning Department claims that zoning shapes the city. It looks at the history of the development of some of these laws and how the NYC zoning plans have become models for other major cities. It also examines why the City faces obstacles in trying to implement certain zoning policies.
From the Paper
"In New York City, zoning is a principal means of land use regulation. According to the New York City Department of City Planning, zoning shapes the city. Through zoning, many aspects of the city are defined and regulated, including building size, population density and how the land is used. Zoning focuses on the changing demographic and economic conditions of the city and works to carry out planning policy.
In 1916, New York City passed the first comprehensive zoning resolution in the United States. The city?s first Zoning Resolution, which was a fairly simple document, determined height and setback controls and separated what were seen as functionally incompatible uses, including factories, from residential neighborhoods."
| |
|
New York Zoning, 2002.
An analysis of the zoning system employed by New York city as an example of land use.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines New York city's zoning laws as a principle means of regulating land use. The paper shows that through zoning, a city regulates building size, population density and the way land is used. Zoning recognizes the changing demographic and economic conditions of the city and is a key tool for carrying out planning policy. The writer uses New York city as an example, as it enacted the nation's first comprehensive zoning resolution in 1916 and continues to be a leader in zoning policy in the United States.
From the Paper
"New York City's Department of Planning is responsible for implementing the zoning regulations. In order to effectively carry out the concepts identified by the zoning regulations, the city has been divided into three basic zoning districts: residential, commercial and manufacturing. These categories are then further subdivided into retail or manufacturing areas, parking, building or residential. Areas designated as public parks do not fall under these regulations."
| |
|
Local Zoning, 2003.
This paper argues, using the history of zoning in New York City as an example, that local governments should control local zoning.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper argues that local municipalities are in the best position to judge where zoning divisions should occur and when and if any exceptions to such zoning regulations should be made. The author points out that the most characteristic channels for airing contentions are public hearings and systematic consultations, with everyone involved in a particular decision having the opportunity to have their opinions heard and their interests understood. The paper relates that the concept of local zoning began on July 25, 1916, when the New York City Board of Estimate and Apportionment approved an ordinance to control building volumes and land uses throughout greater New York.
From the Paper
"Speaking in front of the Commission on Building Districts and Restrictions, President of the Department of Taxes and Assessments, Lawson Purdy, stressed the economic character of the problem facing them at the time: "Tenement houses, more euphoniously called apartment houses, built to the full limit allowed by law, have intruded into a territory beautifully developed with single family dwellings at great cost, well constructed, in condition to last for a hundred year, and have destroyed their value in large measure" By and large, the Commission's Final Report advanced the notion of the protection of the home as a primary goal of the proposed regulations."
| |
|
Business Law - Issues in Contact and Agency Law, 2008.
The paper discusses the legal issues arising from interpretations of Contract law and Agency law.
1,542 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 34.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this paper, the writer describes the case of an individual who entered into two separate legal situations, one contractual and the other relating to Agency law. The writer relates the difficulties that arose during the course of these transactions and of the legal action taken by the individual to gain compensation for alleged losses. The author examines the history of the two disputes and the legal differences between the two cases.
From the Paper
"In Jose's mind, he had accepted the Winnebago owner's final offer to sell the Winnebago for $25,000. According to the Winnebago owner, his original offer was to sell the vehicle for $30,000. When Jose offered $20,000 instead, that was a counteroffer which he rejected immediately. The Winnebago owner had then made a new offer to sell the vehicle to Jose for $25,000 which Jose never accepted, because when Jose responded "OK. If you change your mind, please call me," that was a rejection of his last offer. As of that rejection, the parties no longer had any outstanding offers or counteroffers on the table any longer except for the seller's original published offer of $30,000. Unfortunately for Jose, the lawyer he consulted confirmed the Winnebago owner's point of view and advised Jose to forget about any claim against him for breach of contract (Halbert, 24)."
| |
|
Nuremberg Laws vs. Jim Crow Laws, 2008.
A comparison of the practical differences between the Nuremberg Laws in Germany and the Jim Crow Laws in the United States and the racism upon which each of these legal systems was based.
8,467 words (approx. 33.9 pages), 46 sources, APA, £ 124.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the Nuremberg Laws in Germany with the Jim Crow Laws in the United States. It discusses each of these areas of racial regulation in turn and then further examines the subtle distinctions and clear practical differences between the dangerous racism upon which each of these legal systems was based. The paper includes APA style footnotes but does not include a bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Jim Crow Laws in the United States and Nuremberg Laws in Germany
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Similarities in Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws' Regulation of Interracial Relationships and Underlying Legislative Intent
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Contrast within in the Nuremberg and Jim Crow Laws on Interracial Relationships
Segregation in Education: Further Parallels in the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
Segregation in Education: Contrasting Aspects of the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: Similar Laws and Practices Causing "Civil Death" of African-Americans in the United States and Jews in Nazi Germany
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: The Final Solution and the Purely Aryan State, and Further Examples of Where Nuremberg and Jim Crow Differ
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This huge disparity can be best explained by referring back to one of the most predominant differences in the purposes of the racially hierarchical systems in place in each country. The Jim Crow laws were passed because Southern state lawmakers were struggling to protect and preserve the white supremacy that they had always lived with, and prevent African-American advancement as a necessary part of this objective. Yet in Germany, the Nazi party's goal was always the total extermination of all undesirables, including Jews, and the legislative deprivation of citizenship was at least in some respects merely a means to that end. Finally, to go along with this fundamental difference, there is one last similarity between the racial laws of these countries: the painful memories of both the Holocaust and the Jim Crow era, and all of the violations of rights, liberties and freedoms that comprised both of these experiences, are certainly still fresh in the recollection of all nations involved, and are still highly prominent historical issues today even as those who lived through these events are increasingly no longer with us."
|
|
|
