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Labour's Labor, 2006.
A review of an article discussing the impact and damage of WWII on the British economy.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how following World War II, the British economy, its social structures, and its infrastructure, were all considerably damaged by the years of war over the European continent. Unions, as Dorfman points out, entered the post-World War II era as one of the nation's policy focal points in what would otherwise have been a political vacuum (par.1). It further discusses how in the decades following the war, Unions provided the citizenry, in the form of workers, with adequate representation within the structures of government and ensured that many policies and programs were enacted that would ensure not only work related rights and assurance but also social programs. The Unions within Britain for three decades held considerable sway over policy decisions as well as policy formulation.
From the Paper
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The Labor Unions, 2002.
This paper presents the history of labor unions, labor law and labor relations in the United States.
2,690 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper points out that by acting on behalf of a large group, the labor unions have more power than if the employees acted alone. This paper describes and compares United Airline?s and Ford Motor Company?s labor practices and problems. This paper presents an ideal employer-labor relationship.
From the Paper
"Congress, starting to feel pressure for groups like the AFL, created the U.S. Department of Labor. The department has a mandate to protect and extend the rights of wageworkers. A children?s bureau was created. In 1914, the first law to protect workers was enacted, the Clayton Act said that ?the labor of A Human Being is not a commodity or an article of commerce.? Because of this change in the legal status of work and labor, those things were no longer subject to the Sherman Act provisions that had been the legal basis for injunctions against union organizations. The Clayton Act allowed for strikes, boycotts, peaceful picketing and dramatically limited the use of injunctions in labor disputes."
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Lessons for the Labor Movement, 2007.
An analysis of the history and development of labor and labor organizations in Canada.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the positive and negative lessons that history can provide to today's unions and trade unions in Canada. It describes the influence that the state and the nature of the economy have on labor and labor organizations and their activities. The paper also discusses trade unions and their role, as well as other developments in the history of the labor movement. Finally the paper looks at fthe ree market economy and its implications in increasing job insecurity and wage and benefit rollbacks.
From the Paper
"Free market economy increased job insecurity and wage and benefit rollbacks and continues to be the basis of today's economy in Canada. The labor movement of today is faced with these challenges as well as the relocation and closing down of many industrial plants and factories all over Canada. Also, today Canada's labor movement needs to have a broader agenda as it faces with all the challenges of the global economy as well as the effects of the decline of state intervention within the context of this new global economy. It also needs to recognize the cultural, social and ethnic diversity that makes up the Canadian workforce today. Additionally it has to become concerned with the status of part-time and temporary employees whose number is increasing steadily, as many employers are cutting out full-time jobs with full benefits."
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Politics and the Japanese Labor Movement, 2008.
A discussion of the impact that politicians and the government of Japan have had on labor and the labor movement in the nation.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the national labor movement of Japan has traditionally been controlled by the nation's political factions. The writer describes the plight of Japanese workers in modern times, as labor unions that served the needs of management rather than the workers were created. The writer also discusses the rise of a national labor organization called Rengo in the 1990s in response to the control of the employee unions by political factions. However, the political entities within the nation reacted by creating a "union" that sought to end the efforts of the national labor movement and force the maintenance of policies that were intended to continue to oppress the workers of Japan.
From the Paper
"According to Oaks "Japanese workers have failed to achieve labor rights that are standard fare throughout the developed world" (para. 4). In the 1980s it was evident that workers in Japan were faced with 46-48 hour days with no benefits, such as sick leave and a social security system for their retirement (Oaks para. 5). Oaks reported that regardless of the fact that the salaries that Japanese workers earned were comparable to workers in the United States, the ability of the Japanese worker to provide for his family was more difficult because of the increased cost of living (para. 6). The labor movement in Japan has continuously fought for worker rights that would address these problems. However, even when the government or political realm agrees to make changes to policy, those changes are generally masked by conditions of change that alleviate the actual policy from making a difference."
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The New Labour, 2005.
An examination of how the Labour party has changed under the leadership of Tony Blair.
2,497 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how New Labour has distinguished itself from traditional Keynesian Labour, assuming that it has to deal with a mixed economy in which the private sector has been given more and more importance. It looks at how consequently, polemics have emerged around the question of knowing if Labour is closer to the centre-left or to the "New Right". It also discusses how New Labour has met serious difficulties to be considered as a proper political social democrat ideology rather than a pragmatic approach to rising Britain's socio-economic difficulties.
Outline:
New Labour as a Fundamentally New Political Ideology or As a Pragmatic Political Programme
New Labour in the Logic of a Historical Change Process of the Labour Party
New Labour's Main Objectives
New Labour: A Real Shift in Governing Strategies?
New Labour's Welfare Reforms and its "Distinctiveness"
New Labour's Governing Strategies as Distinctive from Those Of Old Labour and Thatcherism?
New Labour Closer to the Centre-Left or to the "New Right"?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"New Labour is certainly not particularly distinctive from its governing predecessors in terms of depoliticisation. In 1998, Gordon Brown, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, established that the Bank of England would be independent in the determination of interest rates. Consequently the Blair government reject a level of political responsibility in the implementation of core economic policies: indeed, interest rates used to be a fundamental economic tool for British governments under Old Labour's Keynesianism to solve Britain's relative economic decline. It is also a policy in rupture with Thatcherism's monetarist policies which tried to fight the inflation by regulating the amount of money in circulation. "
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| Essay # 114017 |
temporarily unavailable
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Labor Unions, 2008.
This paper explores the influence of public labor unions today.
2,226 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the history of labor unions and disagrees with the belief that labor unions are archaic and provide few benefits to workers in the 21st century. The paper explores the political power and influence that labor unions have in shaping Senate and House legislation in the US, in addition to monitoring the policies that may impact domestic labor. The paper shows how labor union influence in contemporary United States politics and public policy has gained momentum in shaping the outcome of domestic and foreign policy.
Outline:
The Contemporary Role of Labor Unions
The Labor Union Power Game
Changes that Impacted the Labor Union Political Strategy
From the Paper
"The original form and function of the labor union was to provide protection, benefits and a political voice for workers in manufacturing and skilled trades. In the early 20th century, the AFL-CIO was formed, and influential movers such as Samuel Gompers aided in the facilitation of increased wages and benefits for textile and manufacturing workers. The power of labor unions progressed so quickly and drastically, that President Franklin Delano Roosevelt included a labor regulation policy in the New Deal in the early 1930's. As a result, the Department of Labor was established to monitor the authenticity of labor unions in addition to regulating the practices and extent of power of these advocacy groups."
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Child Labor, 2002.
An examination of global child labor practices.
2,007 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how child labor practices of textile industries around the world are an important issue for most people. It looks at how although the United States has seen a change in these practices over the last 200 years, many immigrant children are still employed illegally in textile factories. It shows how worldwide, there have been numerous laws passed on behalf of children?s rights, although many governments are lax in enforcing them. It examines how some governments, are starting to realize the benefits of educating children and have started to implement tougher laws in an effort to end the abuse of their children.
Outline
Introduction
A History of Child Labor in the U.S.
Attempts to Change Child Labor
The Great Depression
Child Labor in the U.S. Today
Liberia and New Child Labor Laws
Child Labor in Indonesia
Pakistan and Bangladesh Child Labor Practices
Russian Child Labor Practices
Startling Statistics and Working Conditions
Examples of Child Labor
Other Countries vs. the U.S.
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The public finally began to become aware of the horrendous conditions in which the children were forced to work and in 1904 the National Child Labor Committee was formed as a means to regulate or eliminate child labor (unknown, 1991). This committee, combined with state child labor committees, investigated and photographed the children in their poor working conditions, sent pamphlets and leaflets to the public and lobbied the government for stronger child labor laws. From 1902 to 1915 these efforts were responsible for the passage of many state laws which restricted child labor. However, the southern states were reluctant to pass such laws, prompting the passage of federal child labor laws in 1916 and 1918, though these laws were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. In 1924, an amendment was purposed, but failed to be ratified by many states."
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Fair Labor Standards Act, 2008.
A brief overview of the consequences of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.
774 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how one of the most important laws concerning child labor was the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. It looks at how with its provisions imposing severe civil and criminal penalties and allowing for confiscation of good made with child labor, the Fair Labor Standards Act forced employers to stop using children in thousands of jobs. With remarkable success, the law simply outlawed child labor.
From the Paper
"Among the social reform advocates of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, no issue roused more determined calls for action than child labor. Florence Kelly of Hull House was among the first to report on the matter, but soon there were numerous rigorously researched reports, telling of children underpaid, overworked, uneducated, and profoundly unhappy with their lot. While many of the working children were in agriculture, the worst conditions were in manufacturing, whether in southern textile mills, northern canneries, urban tenements, or mountain coal mines. "
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"The Limits of Labour", 2002.
A summary of David Bright's "The Limits of Labour: Class Formation and the Labour Movement in Calgary, 1883-1929".
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, £ 39.95
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Abstract
David Bright's "The Limits of Labour: Class Formation and the Labour Movement in Calgary, 1883-1929" reflects the new generation of Canadian labour studies. It analyzes the diversity of working class culture in Calgary and cleavages within the working class during the earliest phase of industrialization in Calgary. It dismisses the traditional notion that Calgary's labour movement was ethnically homogenous and conservative.
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International Labour Standards, 2002.
An overview of international labor laws including international trade agreements and their impact on labor standards.
4,400 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 10 sources, £ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes existing international labor laws and discusses these laws in the contexts of globalization. Some of the issues covered in this essay include international trade agreements and their impact on labor standards, international laws regarding unions and worker rights, as well as economic contexts of capitalism and imperialism. This paper also offers strategic solutions for international labor laws as a way to anticipate the problems of labor and globalization.
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Child Labor, 2008.
This paper discuses issues relating to child labor in the Third World.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that child labor is not only a practice that can be exploitative and detrimental to the welfare of the child, but it also negatively characterizes the conditions within the country. The author points out that child labor has long been established within all countries, including developed countries such as Canada, the United States and Western Europe. The paper states that dismissing child labor outright reduces the opportunity to identify the wishes of the children themselves in respect to their ability to support or supplement the earnings of the family as well as reduces the opportunity for developing countries to affect positive change by evaluating their own child labor practices and its impact on their economic position.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Basics of Child Labor
Child Labor and International Organizations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Child labor is criticized based upon the conditions of the workplace, the wages child workers receive, and the consequences of working as opposed to receiving an education or participating in other normal childhood activities. Sites where child laborers work are situated in developing countries where there are minimal provisions in place to ensure the safety of workers; this outcome is exacerbated when the children do not have the ability to facilitate change through representation or through equal association with those who hold power within this environment."
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Polish Labour Migration, 2004.
An examination of the employment possibilities for Polish migrants in the West European labour markets.
14,165 words (approx. 56.7 pages), 35 sources, MLA, £ 157.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how international labour migration from Poland to Western Europe has proved to be an effective strategy in overcoming some of the multiple problems of transformation after the communist system collapsed. It argues that Poles generally have access only to the secondary sector of labour economy. It also examines how bilateral intergovernmental agreements, official statistical data and survey results suggest that the labour flows to the primary labour markets are limited due to the structural constraints of European economies as well as migration policies and regulations of receiving societies.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Chapter 1 Theoretical Framework
Segmented Labour Market Theory of International Migration
Some Empirical Applications of Segmented Labour Market Theory
Chapter 2 Historical Roots Of Migration From Poland
Basic Migration Features Before the Communist Period (Up To 1945)
Basic Migration Features During the Communist Regime (1945-1979)Liberalization of the 1980s
Changes Caused by the Transition Period. Migrations After the 1990s
Chapter 3 Analysis of Polish Access to the Economic Sectors of the Western European Labour Markets
Structure of the Analysis and Methodological Considerations
Migration Policy
Bilateral Agreements on Foreign Employment of Poles
Seasonal Work in Germany
Project-Tied Employment by Polish Companies in Germany
Polish Labour Presence In Other Countries Of Western Europe (Employment In Western Europe Beyond the Framework of Bilateral Agreements)
Push Factors Responsible For Current Migration Flows-Migrants Characteristics
Summary of the Results
Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The complexity and diversification of international migration has resulted in the fact that there is no single theory or model which would be able to explain the phenomenon of migration satisfactorily and to capture dynamics of the process and conditions related to its various phases. However, different models were adopted in the attempt to reveal and predict various specific aspects associated with it. Among the most important theories which aim to explain causes of international migration, its development, and why it tends to sustain, are the neo-classical economics, the new economics of migration, segmented labour market theory, world system theory, social capital theory, and cumulative causation. The latter models accentuate different aspects of this phenomenon."
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The Value of Labor Power, 2006.
This paper looks at the value of labor power through the eyes of Karl Marx.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines some of the works of Karl Marx, focussing on the theme of value of labor-power, which is a key point in Marx's socio-economic theory, and determines the value of commodities. The paper looks at the importance of the wage system and discusses Marx's point that value comes from social labor and profit comes from extracting unpaid labor from the laborer. The author continues to discuss the works of Karl Marx and some of the statements he has made in reference to labor-power. He also tries to put across the capitalist point of view, by giving a counter argument for each of Marx's points. In conclusion the author states that we must either accept that Marx failed in his attempt at a truly materialist explanation of history and society, or admit that machines and animals exist as social laborers, the same as humans.
From the Paper
"Marx's argument is persuasive, and the syllogism is formally valid when we include the suppressed premise: each premise makes a clean step to the next. However, premise two lacks much-needed justification for the syllogism to be true within Marx's system of dialectical materialism. Premise 2 is a metaphysical proposition, not a physical-historical proposition. Nowhere does Marx explain why labor-power is only a capacity of a living worker. More specifically, Marx does not explain the difference between a power-loom and a human weaver. From the capitalist's view, both require upkeep (or some of the means of subsistence), both perform social labor, and both must be replaced when they wear out, or die. A possible reply Marx could give is that people are the root of the power-loom's productive force: that is, people produce the power-loom and maintain the power-loom. However, capitalists also maintain the laborer, by paying his wages. Within the system, the capitalist must care for the worker and power-loom in the same manner."
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