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Labor Laws: Cross-Cultural Comparisons, 2005.
Discusses and compares labor laws in Germany and the United States.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
A nation's labor laws, stipulating work hours, job security, vacations, retirement age, compensations, employment opportunities, and chances for advancement for protected groups are intrinsically connected to that country's espoused politico-economic ideology. The paper shows that the United States, in which the capitalist market ideology prevails, has a set of labor laws, which differ in several significant areas from those that operate in many Northern European countries, such as Germany, where democratic socialism shapes national politico-economic ideologies. In comparing between several key aspects of German and American labor policies and laws, the paper concludes that, while Germany furnishes its population with a more positive work atmosphere, empowering it vis-a-vis corporate owners and establishing a legal framework that would guarantee job security, the fact remains that some perceive this as having curtailed the growth and the more efficient/effective operation of native organizations/firms. In an overall analysis, this paper illustrates that it is better to be a worker in Germany than in the United States.
From the Paper
"The point here is that, in comparison to the United States where the power of labour unions is steadily declining, German labour unions have remained consistently powerful and are in charge of negotiating practically all employment contracts, ensuring that equitable terms are offered to all workers, irrespective of gender, race, or age (Boldt, 2003). Thus, the power of the labour unions in Germany has negated the need for those laws which emphasize equitable employment terms, which are so prevalent in the United States."
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Cross-Cultural Comparison, 2008.
A comparison of the effects of the modern world on Mexicans living in Ciudad Juarez and the Indians who live in Ecuador.
1,645 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a cross-cultural comparison between the Mexicans living in Ciudad Juarez and the Indians who live in Ecuador. It describes how both of these groups of people have been affected by the modern world in terms of industrialization and globalization. It also discusses the effects that this modern world has had on the culture and behavior of the people in these areas.
Table of Contents:
Mexican Border Culture
Ecuadorian Indians' Culture
From the Paper
"Meanwhile, in the Jivaro Indians' culture, far from being murdered and disrespected, the woman is greatly prized and protected, partly because of the plants she helps grow. To give an idea of how important some plants are to the lives and beliefs of the Jivaro people, the author of the book, The Jivaro: People of the Sacred Waterfalls, Michael J. Harner, an anthropologist and an ethnographer, explains on page 70 that the "Nunui" (a spirit, or fairy), provides supernatural help for the woman of the family, which it vital to the success of important plants."
"The Nunui's help in the garden is important for the natives, not just in the process of growing food items like sweet potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, squash, red peppers, onions, pineapple, banana, and other edibles. The Nunui also helps in the growing of medicinal plants and hallucinogenic plants (drugs) such as Banisteriopsis species, and Datura Arborea."
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Cultural Units in Cross-Cultural Research, 2000.
The following paper is a review of De Munch and Korotayev's "Cultural Units in Cross-Cultural Research."
720 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 0 sources, £ 17.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper critically analyzes the ways in which De Munch and Korotayev start out by explaining that it is difficult to research across cultures because of "cross-cultural pollenization" that is, one culture tends to absorb some traits of the other. They point out that without adequate controls, the research can give both false confirmations of the hypothesis as well as false negatives. This paper is a negative critique of Cultural Units in Cross-Cultural Research.
From the Paper
"The first group might look culturally diverse at first: 4 Spanish; 4 Iraqi; 1 Russian; 1 Estonian; 1 Javanese; 1 Ganda; one Greek; one Maronite-Lebanese. However, this group had significant cultural similarities, which the authors of course knew because they contrived the group. Some of the clerics were Catholic and therefore celibate. Others were Moslem and allowed more than one wife. It is hard to imagine how this example sheds any light on either cross-cultural studies or statistical and research methods."
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Labor Laws, 2005.
A discussion on labor laws in the work environment.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the labor laws relevant to the guarantee of a non-discriminatory work environment. It focuses on how labor laws are applied within the labor union environment in protecting against discrimination. It explains that the labor laws in the United States are primarily governed by the U.S. Department of Labor which oversees approximately 180 various laws and regulations governing employment.
From the Paper
"Labor laws in the United States are overseen by the Department of Labor which, collectively, oversees approximately 180 various federal labor oriented laws. This body of laws and regulations oversee many workplace activities relevant to more than 10 million unique employers and more than 125 million unique employees. The following major labor laws constitute some of the most broadly applicable and well-known labor laws. Additionally, since unions constitute some the largest forces in labor across North America, labor laws pertinent to unions are also discussed. However, it should be mentioned that regardless of union membership, union members are, of course, entitled to the same protections on the existing body of labor laws that any employee is as well as a host of other protections vis-?vis his or her union contract. Pay & Schedule The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) outlines the standards for wages and overtime pay, which affect most private and public employment in ..."
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California Labor Laws, 2002.
An examination of California's labor laws and their effect on the economy.
2,254 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses some of California?s most important and current labor laws, outlining how each law affects California?s business climate. It also determines whether these labor laws are beneficial or detrimental to the apparel industry. It specifically outlines some of California?s labor laws, which are considered some of the most stringent in the nation.
From the Paper
"According to a recent study, one in every five California businesses reported that they have restricted hiring because of employment lawsuits (Sullivan, 1996). Nearly half of all businesses surveyed said that California labor laws, such as employment termination laws, have made liability insurance more expensive, while about 10 percent reported that labor laws have actually caused a reduction in the number of employees on payroll. In addition, businesses reported that labor laws have made it more difficult to get information on references on prospective employees, and more than half said that they will not provide references on former employees. Under past law, employers were protected from libel or slander suits for statements made that did not show malice toward a former employee regarding the job performance or qualifications."
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Cross-cultural Adaptation of Procter & Gamble, 2008.
A discussion of Procter & Gamble's approach to its cross-cultural customer base.
3,285 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 21 sources, APA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Procter and Gamble's (P&G) cross-cultural adaptation strategies. The paper claims that cross-cultural adaptation is essential for any company that wants to survive the globalization process. The adaptation required is to both the internal and the external environment. The paper includes graphs to illustrate this. It concludes that P&G's power to create successful brands for diverse populations worldwide is one of the most valuable keys of success for the giant manufacturer.
Outline:
Company Overview
Cross-cultural Adaptations
Adaptation Weaknesses
From the Paper
"The company provides products for a wide range of customers: mid-income (Tide), higher income (Ariel), male (Gillette), female (Always), normal hair (Herbal essences), special care (Pantene), special need (Head and Shoulders), etc. The product portfolio diversification is one of the company's growth strategies. This is done by acquiring new products, such as Gillette or by engaging in strategic partnership, such as the one with Wrigley Co. One other growth strategy is innovation for existing products: new flavors, new recipes, new effects, new packaging, and so one. Finally, one other strategy is to keep fresh the customer's awareness through permanent promotional activity."
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Child Labor Laws, 2006.
A discussion of child labor laws in the US, looking at background information, history, reform measures and current laws.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 0 sources, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses child labor laws in the United States. It starts off by discussing the history of child labor in this country and why there was a great need for reform. It also tells the reader the struggle that reformers went through to get child labor laws on the books. Next, the laws regarding child labor are discussed for today's times. The consequences of violating the laws are also mentioned.
From the Paper
"The United States government has enacted many laws and regulations over the years to protect the rights of workers in this country from unfair labor practices, employment discrimination and abuse. One of the groups of people that the government has enacted this type of legislation to protect is that of children, some of the most vulnerable workers. Throughout this paper I will examine child labor laws in the United States. I will give the background for such laws and the history of child labor in this country, including situations which created the needs for these laws. Furthermore, I will discuss how these laws have evolved over the years and what effect child labor laws have on the workplace today. Although child labor is not a big issue today as far more youth are in school than working during current times, this was not always the case."
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An Analysis of Cross-Cultural Management Issues, 2007.
Motivation management in the cross-cultural setting of Asian expatriate employees in a Norwegian workplace.
17,939 words (approx. 71.8 pages), 73 sources, MLA, £ 172.95
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Abstract
In an increasingly globalized marketplace, it has become more important than ever to recognize the fundamental differences required to effectively manage people from different cultures. Because organizations are comprised of people, the accomplishment of any organizational goal will require the cooperation and commitment of people who may be from drastically different walks of life who hold divergent worldviews. This study seeks to better understand these issues through a critical review of the relevant literature and a cultural survey of Asian expatriate employees assigned to major Norwegian industry. The results of the review and survey clearly indicates the need for management styles that recognized these cultural differences. The research also suggests that many managers of multicultural organizations today may be overlooking an opportunity for improvement by ignoring these cultural realities, and in some cases these omissions may spell the difference between success and failure of the organization. A summary of the research, relevant conclusions and timely recommendations concerning cross-cultural management issues are provided in the concluding chapter.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
The Company and Setting
The Resource Based View
Cross-Cultural Management
Motivation Management
Commitment and Psychological Contract-Norwegians and Asians
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data
Chapter 5: Analysis of Data/Results
Chapter 6: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The topic to be explored in this study concerned motivation management in a cross-cultural setting. To accomplish this investigation, a critical review of the peer-reviewed, scholarly and organizational literature will be followed by an analysis of how well a Norwegian organization manages expatriate employees from Asian countries in its domestic headquarters. It is reasonable to assume that people with the same cultural background will be able to better understand and appreciate the subtleties involved in human communication and those from diverse and different backgrounds will experience some problems. Furthermore, people with different worldviews may have trouble comprehending cultural concepts of others."
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A Cross-Cultural Study of Five Cultures, 2000.
An analysis of cross-cultural testing for several personality traits, such as impulsiveness, aggression, and play.
2,966 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 5 sources, £ 60.95
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From the Paper
"Paunonen, Zeidner, Oosterveld and Maliphant (2000) used a novel personality inventory called The Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire consisting of 136 items that measured the 16 personality traits of: affiliation, exhibition, play, nurturance, aggression, dominance, achievement, endurance, order, impulsivity, social recognition, succorance, autonomy, thrill-seeking, sentience and understanding. The subjects were asked to estimate the likelihood that they would engage in such behavior or the like, for example, a drawing of an upside-down person on a chord attached to a ledge would be the equivalent of " I like bungee jumping? in a worded personality test."
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Cross- Cultural Therapy, 2002.
A discussion of the issues involved in counseling and the therapeutic process for the cross-cultural population.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 6 sources, £ 66.95
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Abstract
Discusses issues involved in counseling & the therpeutic process for the cross-cultural population. General issues, individual race issues & issues related to the therapeutic process. Need for mental health professionals to have complete understanding of the issues invoolved to achieve effective counseling. Cultural attributes of Asian-Americans, Native Americans, African-Ameicans, Hispanic population. How to improve cross-cultural therapy.
From the Paper
"Salient Issues in Cross-Cultural Therapy
Cultural competency in psychotherapy and counseling grew in importance in the last two decades, until the American Psychological Association (APA) accreditation criteria and Ethical mandates were established to ensure the comprehensive training in this area for all students in applied psychology (Neville, Heppner, Louie, Thompson, Brooks, & Baker, 1996).
This paper presents the issues that have been found to be salient in the therapeutic process for the cross-cultural population, including general issues, individual race issues, and issues related to the therapeutic relationship.
The mental health professional must have a comprehensive understanding of socio-cultural, biological, and psychological factors..."
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Cross-Cultural Management, 2002.
An analysis of cross-cultural management in the workplace.
2,862 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how to manage cross-cultural differences in the workplace so that the rights and sensibilities of each person are respected. It shows by example how a good manager can use determination and creativity to solve cross-cultural misunderstandings, but how it also requires a corporate culture that supports such managerial tasks. It considers how human nature makes us categorize automatically and how most workers and indeed most managers are unaware of the ways in which they may either discriminate against or try to suppress differences in today?s multi-cultural workforce.
From the Paper
"Although it is a clich? of the business world, it is nonetheless also true that no business that neglects ? or abuses ? its workers can prosper for long. Badly trained, badly prepared, or badly treated workers do not do their best ? and indeed, why should they? The best way to get the most out of a worker is to ensure that that worker feels appreciated and respected, and it is the job of those in supervisorial and managerial positions who must ensure that an environment of mutual respect in instigated and maintained."
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Cross-Cultural Knowledge Management, 2004.
A look at the use of cross-cultural knowledge management in a multi-national corporation.
1,057 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 24 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how multi-national corporations, which operate across international frontiers on a global level, manage their knowledge resources and their multi-cultural employees. It looks at how individuals of different nationalities and cultures must operate as a team with some control of the multi-national corporation?s knowledge database. It shows how knowledge is the greatest of all assets, and how the provision of cross?cultural experiences should always be available with the minimum of hassles. Senior knowledge workers and cross-cultural managers should, by themselves, be an asset to the corporation for their knowledge, but their needs and past service should also be recognized.
From the Paper
"A cross-cultural team may be absolutely necessary and the corporation?s vital interests may depend on the smooth operation of such a team. The metaphors that can be derived from a multi cultural team include military, sports, community, family, and associates. There are different expectations about team roles, scope, membership, and objectives that arise in different cultural contexts and these as well as the success of the project have to be managed. Cross cultural management, therefore, has a human resource management dimension in the sense that cross cultural managers must be trained, acquired and deployed keeping in mind factors which are fair to the managers as well as the corporation."
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The Yanomamo and Cross-Cultural Marriage, 2002.
An introduction to the South American Indian tribe, the Yanomamo and and an exploration into their customs, including their system of cross-cultural marriage.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
A paper which examines the Yanomami people - a remote tribe in the Tropical Forest on the border between Venezuela and Brazil. The paper shows their customs and culture and focuses on their system of cross-cultural marriage which follows a bilateral cross-cousin marriage system. The paper also discusses Napoleon A. Chagnon, a young American ethnographer who brought the knowledge of Yanomamo ethnography to the world.
From the Paper
"The practice of infanticide is practiced in their culture. This is one of the reasons why there are more males than women. If a female is born she is killed at birth. They feel that women are inferior. Some Yanomamo women kill their infant because they fear the wrath of their husbands for having a female baby. The Yanomano may choke the baby with a vine, suffocating the infant by placing a stick across her nose, or slamming her against a tree. "
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Cross-Cultural Training Methods, 2002.
A review of the article "A practical but theory-based framework for selecting cross-cultural training methods" by J. Stewart Black and Mark Mendenhall.
762 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 0 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the above article which establishes the need to create a bridge between business cultures in order to be successful in the business world. It discusses the necessity for a proper framework that effectively administers cross cultural training (CCT) that must be adequate to specific needs, must be flexible for different people and nationalities and must be complete in all respects so that business executives have the necessary confidence when they deal with other cultural groups in order to avoid misunderstandings that may cause the failure of a potential business feat. It discusses how Social Learning Theory (SLT) complements CCT in an effective training schedule and how this may be implemented to help pinpoint training requirements.
From the Paper
"Since business operations cannot be delineated from good relationships, this aspect of doing business is very much important. In international businesses different nationalities have to interact with each other in various degrees. It is imperative to know the cultural backgrounds, customs and practices of a country before one tries to establish a long-term business relationship with the people of that country. In fact a long lasting business relationship will be in place only if people are comfortable with each other and are confident to interact with each other. It is here that the concept of cross-cultural training comes into the picture."
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