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Labor and Industrial Relations in South Africa, 2008.
A discussion of the impact of the unique political and socio-economic situation in South Africa on labor relations and human resource management.
771 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how South Africa's unique cultural, socio-economic, and political situation imposes difficult challenges for labor relations and human resource management. The paper explains that since the end of apartheid, the country has faced the problem of how to bring about substantive equality, including economic equality. The paper then looks at how the new South African government eschewed the redistribution approach, and instead opted to implement systematic and sometimes extreme forms of affirmative action. The paper also points out that a good example of the affirmative action policies the new South African government put in place is the Black Economic Empowerment initiative (BEE), which was established with the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act in 2004. The writer believes that this initiative is a good one from a human rights perspective. However, from a human resources point of view, the challenge of this situation must be that artificially speeding up the promotion of people who have been systematically denied good education for so long, creates a danger that under-qualified people will be in management positions. The paper concludes that the problem of providing adequate training for people who have for so long been excluded from management positions is likely the biggest current problem facing human resources managers, as South Africa continues to change towards becoming a normal society.
From the Paper
"However, despite such descriptions, this initiative does primarily aim to improve the economic lot of blacks - given that it is they who suffer most from inequality. It does this with measures such as legislation and regulation, which aim among other things to put more blacks in management. For example, there is the balanced scorecard, which assesses whether there is sufficient black ownership of companies, sufficient black senior management, sufficient black human resource development and employment equity, etc. These factors are imposed as codes on state bodies, public companies and foreign investment companies. How well companies do on the score card affects vital economic factors, such as whether they are awarded contracts (Alexander, 2004)."
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19th Century South Africa Mining Industry and Apartheid, 1994.
This paper discusses the development of the South African mining industry in the 19th Century as a precursor to the development of apartheid in the 20th Century.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, £ 32.95
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From the Paper
"The word apartheid, which was coined in the 1930s in South Africa's intellectual community, is an Afrikaans word meaning apartness, which is interpreted as segregation.. Apartheid was not applied as the name of a set of government policies until the 1950s, when the Afrikaaner Nationalist Party government elected in 1948 began to attain success in the pursuit of an agenda that eventually excluded all non.whites from effective participation in government, and in the initiation of other policies the principal objective of which was the complete social segregation of whites and non whites in the then Union of South Africa."
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Mining Industry in South Africa, 1993.
An analysis of the role of gold, diamonds and other minerals in its history and economic development.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, £ 32.95
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From the Paper
"Gold is an important component in the South African economic system and has been instrumental in helping South Africa develop into an industrialized nation in this century. It is also an important industry that has helped support the system of apartheid as a way of preserving a pliable and cheap labor force.
Gold and diamonds are the best-known and historically most important minerals mined in South Africa, though there are others, including copper, iron ore, manganese, asbestos, chromium, silver, beryllium, antimony, tin, and platinum. Gold remains the most important mineral in the country, and the spectacular rise in the price of gold in the 1970s allowed gold revenues in South Africa to increase dramatically, though prices have subsequently declined. Gold accounts for more than half the total mineral sales for the nation, and it is produced in three..."
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Child Labor in the Industrial Revolution, 2002.
A look at the development of child labor during the British Industrial Revolution and its problems.
848 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper covers the social, economical and agricultural reasons for the development of child labor during the British Industrial Revolution. The paper discusses the exploitation of children by greedy factory owners and the results on the children themselves.
From the Paper
"The British Industrial Revolution changed the social and economic life of Britain. It established a completely new way of living and working. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, Britain?s economy was based on agriculture as its main economic activity. Because of the use of new food crops, such as corn and potatoes, and a decline in the mortality of diseases, Britain experienced tremendous population growth. The population growth demanded the production of more goods, which soon brought about the development of textile factories. These technological, agricultural and political changes led to the demand of more people which led to child labor in factories."
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Child Labor and the Industrial Revolution, 1997.
This is an examination of social values and child labor reform during the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian Era.
2,130 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper talks about the roots of Child Labor Laws by examining the use of children as laborers beginning in the Middle Ages, through the Industrial Revolution and into the Victorian Era. It traces the abhorrent conditions these children faced, especially during the Industrial Revolution, where times where extremely difficult, through the Victorian Era the The National Child Labor Committee was formed, and strict laws were passed regarding children. These laws regulated and enforced working conditions, hours and ages that could be employed.
From the paper:
"It was thought to be a benefit for children to work, so they could get a head start on building a life for themselves. Poor children could contribute to society by working, and through self-reliance and determinism could break free from poverty.
"The prevalent attitude was that the laissez-faire economic system had made America great, and that any interference in the natural way of things was "unscientific, irrational, and unjust" (Trattner, 1970: 32). Social Darwinism also supported child labor and the lack of regulation. Society valued individualism and self-reliance, and saw any regulation of industry as obstructing a natural process that should be allowed to progress free of restraints. Each person should try their hardest to get rich, and nobody should interfere with a person's right to accumulate wealth, even at the expense of others."
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Child Labor in the Industrial Revolution, 2005.
This paper discusses the issue of child labor in the industrial revolution of nineteenth century England.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, £ 49.95
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Abstract
The moral precepts of child labor are analyzed in this paper, by depicting the historical and confessional stories of children and their lifestyles in factories or in the mines of Great Britain. By understanding the cruelty of long hours and choice of children as young as 7 years old to work in these environments, the writer points out that there is a direct issue of immorality on the part of the industrial system of England, by exploiting these children to do the work grown men and women should have accomplished.
From the Paper
"This study examines the industrial revolution through the scope of child labor, which was paramount to the mass production methods that were occurring within textile factories and mines of England. In this manner, many young children were forced into work due to the lack of economic stability for the poor working classes. Furthermore, the child labor of the British industrial revolution offered little job security, even though guilds would take in apprentices under certain nefarious guidelines."
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Struggles within South Africa, 2002.
This paper is an investigation into the effect of colonization on South Africa and the people of South Africa.
4,134 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 76.95
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Abstract
This is an in-depth paper of what the country of South Africa went through during the years of Dutch and British colonization. Discusses issues such as segregation, apartheid and freedom fighting. It begins with the Dutch colonization in 1652 and how this impacted the life of the African and Khoi Khoi natives. It examines how these early relationships gave rise to the hundreds of years of oppression and discrimination of the ruling white colonialist over the black natives. Studies these complex relationships until the time of the release of Nelson Mandela.
From the Paper
"Colonization is defined by Webster?s Dictionary as an act or instance of colonizing. To South Africa and the South African people colonization has a much deeper and much more complex meaning. Colonization began in South Africa with the entrance of the Dutch in1652 and again with the British in 1806. The colonization by the Dutch was brought on by the need for a supply port to help ships sailing around the southern tip of the African continent. The Dutch?s philosophy regarding the indigenous African people was one of separation and isolation. The Dutch urged their colonist to stay away from the native people and try to have little or no contact or interaction with them. One of the first conflicts between African and Dutch interest occurred between the Dutch and the KhoiKhoi. This conflict began when the indigenous KhoiKhoi realized that the Dutch settlers were in South Africa to stay. The KhoiKhoi believed that the Dutch intended to continue encroaching on the farmlands of their people. This tension between the Dutch and Africans broke out into a war, which last four years. The KhoiKhoi resistance was stopped by the Dutch due to the superior tactics and superior weapons used by the Dutch army. This conflict was one of many in which the native Africans attempted to take back their homelands, but fell short of their goals. In 1806 the British seized control of the South African colony in order to utilize its location and natural resources. "
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South Africa, 2008.
This paper offers an in-depth review of the current issues facing South Africa.
2,829 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the history of South Africa and the implementation of apartheid, which is considered to be the root of many problems South Africa faces today. The paper discusses how internally, the structure of government and society in South Africa are troubled and full of power struggles. The paper also looks at the major social problems facing South Africa, namely, the widespread outbreak of the HIV/AIDS virus and malaria, corruption and rampant crime in almost all parts of the country. The paper concludes that despite all this, South Africa has overcome a significant amount of internal and external conflict in its rather short history. The paper uses MLA style footnotes but does not include a source page.
From the Paper
"South Africa, at a glance, is a vibrant and magnificent country. Located at the southernmost tip of the continent of Africa, it is comprised of arid deserts and rocky mountains, as well as lush green forests and tropical flora. It shares its nearly 3,000 kilometer coastline with both the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans. At a closer look, it has a unique political system, which serves a diverse myriad of inhabitants. Cape Town is the legislative capital, which means it contains the Parliament and many government offices; Pretoria is the administrative capital, which means it is the location of the head offices of the armies, police force, correctional services, and other national departments; and Bloemfontein is the judicial capital, where the high courts and Supreme Court are located."
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Apartheid in South Africa, 2005.
A discussion regarding the question of whether in the 1970s, General Motors should have opened a manufacturing plant in South Africa.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper considers a plan by General Motors as to whether or not to build a plant in South Africa in the 1970s to take advantage of the access to cheap labor. F\The paper discusses how from a social point of view though there are good reasons why GM might not want to take this action. For one thing blacks are paid far less than whites in South Africa for doing the same job and whites in South Africa are paid far less than a laborer in the United States.
From the Paper
"African history after the arrival of Europeans was a history of racial attitudes continuing after the end of the colonial era. In the modern era, apartheid was the major social structure affecting every aspect of South African society and South African relations with other parts of the world. Historians do not agree on the reason for the development of apartheid. What is clear is that more and more laws were passed to enforce a division of the races. Blacks were subject to searches, needed passes, were restricted in where they could live and work, and were generally treated differently than whites. Both races, however, were prevented from mixing. General Motors must decide whether or not to build a manufacturing facility in apartheid South Africa. From a business point of view, this could be justified on the basis of access to cheap labor."
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American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, 2004.
An overview of this federation of labor unions on the North American continent.
1,543 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), a federation of autonomous labor unions in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Panama, and U.S. dependencies, was formed in 1955 by the merger of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). This paper traces the history of the AFL-CIO, including the events that led up to the 1955 merger. It also discusses the organization's political leanings, operations, and presidents.
From the Paper
"From the start of Kirkland's term, the AFL-CIO was forced to adapt to a number of adverse economic trends. Union membership dropped from 33% of all U.S. workers in 1960 to 14% in the late 1990s. To shore up organized labor's declining influence, the AFL-CIO concentrated on organizing service workers and public employees and improving labor unity. In 1981 the UAW rejoined the union; the Teamsters (1988) and United Mine Workers (1989) later followed."
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South Africa: A Country Divided, 2007.
This paper examines elements of apartheid that still exist in South Africa.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explores South Africa's experience as a divided nation and its process of recovery in the past two decades. First, the paper considers the issue of affirmative action in South Africa. The author then acknowledges that elements of apartheid still exist. In order to overcome this divisiveness, the author examines the experiences of other divided nations, such as Germany and Korea. The author concludes that apartheid in South Africa has not ended, but has merely gone 'underground' so that it can still be active but not in the overt sense that it used to be.
From the Paper
"The promotion of a collective or a group identity, therefore, necessarily involves subordinating the individuality that is seen within the group. Furthermore, being able to strengthen one's identity based on race, religion, language, or caste is also considered divisive and threatening to the equality and the freedom of the country (Gramby-Sobukwe, 2002). Quotas are then viewed as being a means to help achieve an equality of outcome by working to deny an equality of opportunity or a fundamental right of various individuals (Gramby-Sobukwe, 2002)."
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Apartheid and the History of South Africa, 2006.
A study of the history of South Africa and the reign of apartheid.
7,200 words (approx. 28.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that in order to understand the reasons and roots of apartheid, one must first understand the history of South Africa. The author therefore provides a detailed historical account of South Africa from the fifteenth century until today, including colonization, slavery, industrial development and the leadership of Hendrik French Verwoerd, the prime minister responsible for introducing apartheid. The second half of the paper is devoted to a study of the anti-apartheid movement, culminating in the election of Nelson Mandela.
From the Paper
"Until the fifteenth century tribes in South Africa remained isolated from the rest of the world. However, late in the fifteenth century the Portuguese began to explore the western coastline of South Africa in search of an easier route to Asia. By1497, five years after Christopher Columbus had crossed the Atlantic under Portuguese patronage, Vasco da Gama led a Portuguese expedition that rounded the tip of South Africa, sailed along the east African coastline, and then crossed the Indian Ocean reaching Calicut, India."
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Media Policy in South Africa, 2007.
An analysis of media policy in South Africa and a comparison of media performance standards in Britain, Italy and Germany.
3,606 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the main roles of the press in any democracy is that of a public watchdog that is vigilant over government activities on behalf of the people that government serves. The paper focuses on South Africa as a point of reference and refers to the history of South African policy as well as certain European media policy counterparts, in order to gauge standards of media performance.
Outline:
Introduction
Media and Democracy
Media Policy in South Africa
External Media Policy
Policy Formulation Aspects
Internal Media Policy
Policy Formulation Aspects
The Gate keeping Function
European Media Policy
United Kingdom Media Policy
Italian Media Policy
German Media Policy
South African Media Policy History
Apartheid Era
After Apartheid
Comparison
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the main roles that the press plays in any democracy is that of a public watchdog that is vigilant over government activities on behalf of the people that government serves (Krimsky, 2000). The media is a fundamental tool in the decision-making of the democratic government in any country. A democracy requires the people of the state to make choices and decisions on a daily basis. This therefore needs to be aided by a media and media environment that allows for objectivity through its content and the journalists and staff of the forms of media themselves. The media needs to inform, without judging (Krimsky, 2000)."
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Human Rights in South Africa, 2003.
An overview of international human rights with an emphasis on South Africa.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a wide-ranging look at human rights around the world today, showing the key themes and issues currently affecting the international community. The introduction explains key terms necessary for the paper and gives a history of the development of human rights. The paper focuses on South Africa as a case-study (though numerous other examples are cited where applicable). South Africa is used as an example of a developing country whose human rights issues have been identified internally by the South African government as well as externally by the international community and then acted upon to some degree of success.
From the Paper
"?Human rights? are rights that all humans are entitled to such as the right to live, the right to liberty, the right to freedom of expression and the right to equality within society. ?Civil rights? and ?civil liberties? refer to the guarantees that a state may make to its citizens and are offered in addition to one?s basic human rights. Perhaps the best quantification of human rights (and the mostly widely accepted) is the United Nations? Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Although the UN?s Declaration is over half a century old and has been savagely criticized at times it still serves as a useful guide to general ideals of human rights."
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